Registration of cancer mortality data in a developing area: Chennai (Madras, India) experience

Objectives: This study was carried out to evolve a method to improve the registration of cancer mortality data in Chennai (Madras, India). Methods: Data on cancer deaths have been collected from the Vital Statistics Department (VSD) by a population-based cancer registry (PBCR) in Chennai only since 1982. The low mortality-to-incidence ratio during 1982-84 suggested under-registration of mortality data. Since 1985, the PBCR has taken special effort to ascertain the vital status of cancer cases by sending reply-paid postcards and/or making house visits. The data on all deaths occurring in Chennai, irrespective of stated cause of death in the death certificate, have been collected from the VSD since 1992. Results: Deaths that occurred in Chennai and obtained by sending reply-paid postcards and/or making house visits were registered in VSD as non-cancer causes of death; hence, these data were not collected from VSD. The sensitivity and positive predictive values of death certificates on cancer diagnosis based on 1992 and 1993 mortality data were 57 percent and 99.5 percent, respectively. Conclusion: Since the accuracy of death certificate information on cancer diagnosis is relatively low in a developing country such as in India, collecting data on all deaths will improve the mortality data registration in PBCRs.     

LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY ON CHROMOSOME 17p13.3 IN OVARIAN CANCER AND CERVICAL CANCER

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肿瘤坏死因子、更生霉素和干扰素-γ联合应用对人卵巢癌裸鼠模型的协同作用

目的：研究联合应用肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、干扰素－γ（IFN－γ）和更生霉素（KSM）对人卵巢癌裸鼠模型的协同作用。方法：将荷瘤裸鼠随机分成4组，分别用生理盐水、KSM、TNF＋IFN－γ、KSM＋TNF＋IFN－γ处理，观察肿瘤生长情况。结果：各组肿瘤相对体积比较，KSM组和KSM＋TNF＋IFN－γ组与对照组比较，差异有显著性（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）；TNF＋IFN－γ组与对照组比较，差异无显著性（P＞0．05），而KSM＋TNF＋IFN－γ组与KSM组比较，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：KSM与TNF、IFN－γ联合应用有协同抗卵巢癌细胞系3AO的作用，为临床应用提供了理论依据。     

甲状腺切除术中喉返神经损伤的预防

目的探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的预防措施。方法回顾性分析手术治疗282例甲状腺切除术的临床资料。结果暂时性喉返神经损伤6例。结论熟悉喉返神经的正常解剖和变异，仔细操作，灵活掌握显露喉返神经的方法和指征，是预防喉返神经损伤的关键。     

Correlation between high-resolution computed tomographic, magnetic resonance and pathological findings in cases with non-cancerous but suspicious lung nodules

Computed tomography scans, including thin-section high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), occasionally fail to differentiate between small non-cancerous nodules from lung cancers. We describe nine such lesions ( < 20 mm in diameter) initially identified through our screening program for lung cancer using CT scanning. Pathological diagnoses included nodular fibrosis (n = 4), granuloma (n = 1), cryptococcoma (n = 1), localised organising pneumonia (n = 1), inflammatory pseudo-tumour (n = 1) and sclerosing haemangioma (n = 1). High-resolution CT findings, together with MRI findings with contrast-enhanced dynamic studies, were retrospectively evaluated. Additional cases should be identified and radiologically characterised in order to reduce the number of non-cancerous tumours that are treated by unnecessary surgery. Received: 28 February 2000; Accepted: 29 February 2000     

Adult ovary transfer counteracts the callosal enlargement resulting from prepubertal ovariectomy

The rat corpus callosum (CC) is larger in males than females, and is sensitive to hormone manipulations during development. Previous research found that, in rats, CC sensitivity to testosterone ended by postnatal day 8 (P8). In contrast, more recent findings demonstrated that CC responsivity to ovarian hormones continued at least through P70. The current experiment extends these findings by showing that the female callosum is still sensitive to ovarian hormones as late as P130, well into adulthood.     

CA125单独及联合多种抗原标志物对卵巢癌的诊断价值

目的 :探讨多种肿瘤标志物对卵巢癌的诊断价值。方法 :应用化学发光法测定卵巢肿瘤、子宫内膜异位症和盆腔炎性包块的CA1 2 5、CA1 99、CA1 5 3、AFP、CEA阳性率。结果 :卵巢癌患者中 ,80 .6 0 %CA1 2 5阳性 ,92 .5 3%联合检测阳性 ,阳性率明显高于良性肿瘤、子宫内膜异位症、盆腔炎性包块患者 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;CA1 2 5与卵巢癌的临床分期及病理类型无关 ,但Ⅰ期卵巢癌患者的血清CA1 2 5值明显低于Ⅱ～Ⅳ期患者 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :CA1 2 5对卵巢癌的诊断有一定的价值 ,联合监测能提高卵巢癌的诊断率 ,尤其对早期卵巢癌。     

血清CA125结合B超对绝经后妇女卵巢恶性病变的预测价值

目的 通过了解绝经后妇女卵巢肿物的临床特点，探讨早期发现绝经后妇女卵巢恶性肿瘤的可行方法。方法 回顾分析302例经手术后病理证实为卵巢肿物的自然绝经后妇女的临床特点，采用B超结合血CA125的定量测定。结果 71．2％的绝经后卵巢肿物患者无自觉症状，38．7％为卵巢恶性肿瘤，BUS结合血CA125对卵巢恶性病变预测的敏感性为98．4％，特异性为57．9％，阳性预测值62．6％，阴性预测值98．1％。结论 对绝经后妇女实施妇科检查及B超的筛查结合血CA125的定量测定，有助于临床医生及时发现卵巢恶性肿瘤。     

细胞周期素D1蛋白在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及其意义

目的　研究细胞周期素D1(cyclinD1)在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及意义。方法　 1997～ 2 0 0 0年采用免疫组织化学SP法 ,检测恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤、良性肿瘤、正常卵巢组织cyclinD1的表达。结果　在恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤 ,良性肿瘤 ,正常卵巢组织之间cyclinD1的表达差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。cyclinD1的表达率与组织分化程度和临床分期有显著相关性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,cyclinD1的过度表达见于组织分化差 ,肿瘤发病的晚期。结论　cyclinD1在卵巢癌组织中广泛存在 ,并与组织分化 ,临床分期有一定相关性 ,提示该基因在卵巢癌的发生、发展中起一定作用     

VEGF、MMP-2、MMP-9在卵巢原发性与转移性癌中表达的研究

目的 :探讨VEGF、MMP 2、MMP 9在卵巢原发上皮癌、库肯勃氏瘤中的表达差异及临床病理意义。方法 :采用免疫组化S P染色技术对 83例卵巢癌 (卵巢原发癌 4 5例、库肯勃氏瘤 38例 )进行分析 ,观察VEGF、MMP 2、MMP 9在卵巢癌中的表达。结果 :VEGF在卵巢原发癌和库肯勃氏瘤组织中的表达显著高于正常卵巢组织 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;MMP 2、MMP 9在正常卵巢组织中表达缺如 ;VEGF、MMP 2、MMP 9在卵巢原发癌与库肯勃氏瘤中表达均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;VEGF、MMP 2、MMP 9在库肯勃氏瘤中及卵巢原发癌中 ,任意两指标阳性表达均有正相关性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :VEGF、MMP 2、MMP 9在库肯勃氏瘤的形成机制中起重要作用 ,与肿瘤的浸润转移密切相关 ,并可为鉴别卵巢原发癌与库肯勃氏瘤提供一定的依据