Identical expression of ELAM-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in sarcoidosis and usual interstitial pneumonitis

Extravasation of leucocytes in tissues is mediated by leucocyte—endothelial cell interactions in which adhesion molecules play an important role. Until now, two pathways have been unravelled, i.e., the LFA-1/ICAM-1 and the VLA-4/VCAM-1 pathways. ELAM-1 has been shown to be involved in granulocyte accumulation and recently also in lymphocyte migration. The role of HECA-452 is under investigation. In this study we have investigated the expression of the above-mentioned adhesion molecules in lung tissue of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP), and in mediastinal lymph nodes of patients with sarcoidosis. ICAM-1 (CD54) was broadly distributed on the endothelium of all the vessels found in sarcoidosis and UIP. VCAM-1 was present on the endothelium of the venules, capillaries, and arterioles in both sarcoidosis and UIP. ELAM-1 reacted with endothelial cells lining venules and capillaries in chronic progressive sarcoidosis and in the active phase of UIP but not in the stationary phases of both diseases. HECA-452 activity could be detected only on high endothelial venules within sarcoid lymph nodes. In lung tissues, macrophages bearing the ICAM-1 antigen were present in sarcoid tissue but not in the interstitium and alveolar space of UIP. LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) were present on all leucocytes found but seemed to be more highly expressed on lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. These findings suggest that the LFA-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 pathways are involved in leucocyte migration in both types of lung disease, while in the active phases of sarcoidosis and UIP, ELAM-1 is also involved.     

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in rabbits. Modulation of pulmonary inflammation by long-term aerosol challenge with antigen

Immunized rabbits that were aerosol challenged for 2 to 3 wk with pigeon dropping extract, an etiologic agent of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, developed chronic pulmonary inflammation associated with cell-mediated immunity in bronchoalveolar cells. However, prolonged aerosol challenge for 12 wk resulted in the diminution of pulmonary inflammation (modulation) and the loss of demonstrable cell-mediated immunity. This was probably not due to loss of sensitized lymphocytes that mediated pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, rabbits undergoing modulation when they were challenged with an unrelated antigen were refractory to the development of pulmonary inflammation for at least 9 wk. After this refractory period, animals reimmunized and aerosol challenged with pigeon dropping extract displayed an anamnestic response and produced pulmonary lesions that were strikingly similar to the histopathology of human hypersensitivity pneumonitis.     

诊断X线机辐射剂量的测量

为提高诊断X线机的诊断质量,促进放射防护工作的开展,根据"国际辐射单位和测量委员会"(International Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements,ICRU),"国际放射防护委员会"(International Commission on Radiation Protection,ICRP)关于辐射对人体的损害之划分标准,作者对岛津制作所90年代中期生产的XEB150L-20型500mA X线机按照国家规定的要求及有关标准,分别对辐射空气释动能率,半价层,输入量重复性,输出量线性,高对比分辨率,光野与照射野一致性及X线管的焦点等参数进行了测试。分析了测试的数据与结果,并进行了简要的评价。     

低剂量电离辐射诱导小鼠睾丸生精细胞凋亡及P53基因和蛋白表达

目的:研究低剂量电离辐射对小鼠睾丸生精细胞凋亡及 P53 基因和蛋白表达的影响。方法:应用密度梯度离心法分离不同种类生精细胞, 流式细胞术检测其细胞凋亡, 免疫组化法观察生精细胞P53蛋白表达, 原位杂交法观察其 P53 mRNA水平。结果:0.025-0.2 Gy X射线全身照射后, 生精细胞凋亡具有明显的细胞种类规律性。在较低剂量照射(0.025和0.05 Gy)时, 以精原细胞凋亡为主, 随照射剂量增加(0.075-0.2 Gy)逐渐累及精母细胞, 并且前者凋亡率明显高于后者, 很少累及精子细胞和精子。P53蛋白表达主要见于精原细胞和精母细胞, 并且前者阳性率高于后者, 随照射剂量增加, 其阳性率逐渐升高, 而精子细胞和精子阳性率较低; P53 mRNA表达在较低剂量照射(0.025 Gy)时, 主要以精母细胞和精子细胞为主, 随剂量增加(0.05-0.2 Gy)逐渐累及精原细胞。精原细胞和精母细胞 P53 mRNA表达呈明显的剂量依赖性关系, 但精子细胞表现不明显。结论:低剂量电离辐射可选择性诱导小鼠睾丸生精细胞凋亡, 具有明显的剂量和时程效应关系。提示, 这种选择性诱导凋亡调控机制可能与 P53 基因和蛋白表达相关联。     

An Autopsy Case of Peritoneal Malignant Mesothelioma in a Radiation Technologist

A case of peritoneal maligant mesothelioma in a radiation technologist, who had worked in this field for 34 years, is reported. Histopathologically, a biopsy specimen from the retroperitoneal tumor revealed a biphasic type of malignant mesothelioma. Electron microscopy disclosed that the tumor cells contained prominent microvilli, basal laminae adjacent to the stroma, junctional complexes, desmosomes, tonofilaments, clusters of glycogen granules, welt developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), confronting cisternae showing direct continuity with the RER and membrane-bound granules suggestive of secretory activity. No increased amount of asbestos was detected in autopsied lung material or the peritoneal mesothelioma. The estimated cumulative dose of occupational irradiation was calculated to be about 40 to 50 rad at most. Irradiation was discussed in relation to the etiology of the peritoneal mosothelioma. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 57–62, 1990.     

HLA class II haplotypes associated with pulmonary interstitial lesions of polymyositis/dermatomyositis in Japanese patients

To elucidate the immunogenetic background of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) such as polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM) and any overlapping subsets, with other collagen vascular diseases, HLA class I antigens and class II alleles were determined and compared from individuals with various clinical and serological features of IIM, including pulmonary interstitial lesions (PI). Seventy-three Japanese patients with myositis (32 PM, 18 DM, 23 overlapped subsets) and 62 healthy unrelated controls were enrolled onto the study. Statistical differences between groups were determined by the Fisher's exact probability test. Serum fluorescent antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-SS-A/Ro antibody, anti-Jo1 antibody and anti-U1 RNP antibody were examined using routine methods. PI was detected by chest X-ray and/or computed tomography. In patients with DM, the frequency of the HLA-DRB1*1302-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0604 haplotype was significantly higher than in the healthy controls (42.1% vs 17.7%), and in the patients with PM (42.1% vs 9.4%). Furthermore, the frequency of the HLA-DRB1*0405-DQA1*03-DQB1*0401 haplotype was higher in the PM patients with PI than in the controls (50.0% vs 17.7%), and PM without PI (50.0% vs 5.5%). These results suggest that in terms of HLA class II association, Japanese DM and PM, and PM with and without PI, belong to different clinical groups.     

放射损伤对于移植的骨髓间充质干细胞在受体大鼠不同器官中植入的影响

目的： 探讨放射损伤对于骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植后在受体大鼠不同器官中植入的影响以及可能的机制。方法：采用DNA缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测正常对照组和单纯放射组大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肺脏的细胞凋亡率。应用密度梯度离心法结合贴壁法提取雄性大鼠骨髓MSCs，培养后把MSCs移植到［60COγ］照射和未经照射的雌性大鼠体内，通过PCR和Y染色体荧光原位杂交（Y- FISH）示踪雄性大鼠MSCs在雌性大鼠体内的分布情况。结果：照射后大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肺脏细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组。PCR结果显示照射后移植MSCs的大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肺脏和外周血中可以扩增出Sry基因的DNA序列，而且Y- FISH显示照射后移植MSCs的大鼠在心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肺脏中可发现Y染色体阳性的细胞。但是未经照射行MSCs移植的大鼠在上述器官中未发现Y染色体阳性的细胞。结论：全身放射促进组织细胞的凋亡，并导致移植的MSCs在受体大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏和肺脏的植入。     

毫米波辐射对植入前小鼠胚胎及早期胚胎的影响

本文报道小鼠受精卵体外及在体受毫米波辐照后一些改变。毫米波源为36.11GHz固态微波连续发生器,波长8mm,功率密度为10mW/cm~2、8mW/cm~2、4mW/cm~2及2mW/cm~2。结果发现2-4mW/cm~2毫米波辐照即可使体外培养之受精卵细胞表面微绒毛减少、脱落,细胞表面形成许多囊泡。透射电镜下可见细胞间隙扩大、胞浆中线粒体膨胀、空化,用FITC-ConA试验可见细胞表面结合荧光减少。酶试验证明辐照后卵胚细胞表面AKP,ATPase,5′-Nase均有降低。在体受精卵细胞经辐射后证明,辐射可使胎儿体重增长减慢,囊胚形成数量下降,植入率降低,而表面酶下降不明显。     

Effects of EGF and bFGF on Irradiated Parotid Glands

Radiotherapy is common treatment for head-and-neck cancer, during which the salivary glands are often included within the radiation field. The most common side effect of this treatment is the development of oral dryness (xerostomia). This study considers the administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF2) at physiological concentrations before and after irradiation in order to repair radiation-induced damage in salivary gland cells. As a preliminary examination of the efficacy of this approach we have characterized the effects of EGF and bFGF on the apoptotic response of 15-Gy irradiated rat salivary glands in vitro. Also, we have developed a controlled-release delivery system to effectively administer the growth factor to the gland since local delivery is essential to avoid unwanted protection of cancer cells. In vitro administration of bFGF prior to and immediately after irradiation partially protected (44%) the rat parotid gland. EGF did not show any significant radioprotective effect on parotid glands after a single 15-Gy irradiation dose. Encapsulation, storage and release of bFGF from biodegradable 50/50 PLGA microspheres did not affect the functionality of the growth factor in vitro.     

γ射线低温辐照对胶原膜体外稳定性和细胞相容性的影响

低温下,胶原膜经γ射线辐照改性,采用剂量率为22 KG y/h,辐照剂量分别为15、25、35 KG y。测定辐照前后胶原膜抗胶原酶酶解能力,对胶原膜的体外稳定性进行了初步评价,结合红外光谱分析对辐照改性机理进行了探讨。结果表明,在实验所设计的条件下,辐照改性后胶原膜的交联度及稳定性均增加。采用M TT法结合扫描电镜观察,对辐照后胶原膜的细胞相容性进行了研究,表明在一定的辐照剂量范围内(<25 KG y),辐照对胶原膜的细胞相容性没有明显的影响。当超过一定剂量后,辐照改性将在一定程度上影响胶原膜的细胞相容性。