2008-2017年广东省职业性放射性疾病诊断情况分析

目的 了解广东省职业性放射性疾病的诊断情况，分析职业接触特点和职业接触关键控制点。方法 对2008-2017年广东省内申请职业性放射性疾病的35个病例进行分析。结果 诊断为职业性放射性疾病的有10例，其中职业性放射性肿瘤8例，诊断时年龄M（P0~P100）为62.5（42~76）岁，放射工龄M（P0~P100）为27.5（5~33）年，病因概率PC值在26.34%~97.98%之间，PC值95%可信限上限均大于50%，75%的病例为井下矿石与矿物处理工作者，职业中同时接触α、β、γ射线。急性放射性皮肤损伤2例，职业中接触X、β射线，2人均为意外受照，且无法估算出两人确切的受照剂量。结论 部分用人单位和放射工作人员的知识、技术水平、防护意识还有待进一步提高，建议加强辐射防护培训，尤其是上岗前培训。     

CHEMO- AND RADIOSENSITIVITY TESTING IN A PATIENT WITH ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA AND HODGKIN DISEASE

Treatment of Hodgkin disease (HD) in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients is hampered by hypersensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. Most patients die, due to toxicity or, rarely, to progressive disease. The authors report on a 9-year-old girl with stage IIA HD and AT. She was treated with a tailored combined modality approach. No unacceptable toxicity was found, but the girl died of a relapse outside their radiation field. In comparison with fibroblasts of non-AT patients, the fibroblasts of the patient were 3 times as sensitive for radiotherapy but just 1.2 times as sensitive for doxorubicin. A good correlation was shown between in vitro radio- and chemosensitivity testing and the observed clinical toxicity. The authors suggest, therefore, treating AT patients as much as possible according to standard protocols by adjusting the radiotherapy delivery and the chemotherapy regimen to individual doses derived from in vitro radio- and chemosensitivity testing.     

Unusual radiological presentation of sirolimus-associated pneumonitis

Sirolimus-associated pneumonitis, a rare but serious drug-induced lung injury, has become a great concern clinically, because of the increasing use of sirolimus (rapamycin) in patients who have been subjected to solid organ transplantation. We report sirolimus-associated pneumonitis in two women who underwent renal transplantation. At variance with previous reports, the radiological findings shown on chest radiographs and computed tomography scans of the chest in these two cases were consolidation lesions mainly with minimal interstitial abnormalities. Our reported cases highlight that awareness of various radiological findings of sirolimus-associated pneumonitis is pivotal for physicians to make early diagnosis of the disorder in patients who have undergone solid organ transplantation.     

呼出一氧化氮预测放射性肺炎价值的临床研究

目的 探讨一氧化氮呼出值（FeNO）预测放射性肺炎的价值。方法 收集2016年8月至2017年2月收治的131例胸部肿瘤患者，对放疗前、后的FeNO水平进行检测，并分析大气道（50 ml／s流速）、小气道（200 ml／s流速）和肺泡放疗前、后FeNO水平与放射性肺炎分级的关系。结果 131例患者放疗前平均大气道FeNO为19.86 ppb，小气道为9.49 ppb，肺泡为2.84 ppb；仅肺泡FeNO放疗后上升明显，差异有统计学意义（P=0.015）。全组患者放疗后出现1级放射性肺炎43例，2级70例，3级18例，无4级及以上者。放疗前、后大气道、小气道、肺泡FeNO水平与放射性肺炎分级无关。结论 肺泡FeNO在放疗后上升明显，但大、小气道放疗前、后FeNO水平不能预测放射性肺炎。     

Long-term outcomes of APBI via multicatheter interstitial HDR brachytherapy: Results of a prospective single-institutional registry

PurposeLong-term outcome reports of accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) are limited. Here, we report the 10-year outcomes of APBI delivered using multicatheter interstitial implant (ISI) brachytherapy.Methods and materialsPatients with early-stage breast cancer treated with APBI via ISI brachytherapy were enrolled in a prospective registry. Selection criteria included age ≥40 years, ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive tumor ≤3 cm, negative margins (≥2 mm), and negative axillary nodes. 34 Gy in 10 twice-daily fractions was administered to 2 cm of breast tissue surrounding the surgical bed. Toxicity and cosmetic outcomes were collected prospectively.ResultsA total of 175 patients were included. The median followup time was 10.0 years. Ten-year ipsilateral breast tumor control, regional control, freedom from distant metastasis, breast cancer–specific survival, and overall survival were 92.1%, 96.9%, 97.4%, 97.1%, and 81.2%, respectively. High-grade disease was correlated with increase in the rate of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. Grade 1 or 2 skin toxicity was present in 44 patients, and Grade 3 skin toxicity was present in only 1 patient. There were no Grade 4 or higher toxicities observed. Thirty-seven patients developed fat necrosis. Dose Homogeneity Index of ≤0.85 and integrated reference air-kerma of >3400 cGycm²/h correlated with higher rates of fat necrosis. There were 115 (66%), 51 (29%), 8 (5%), and 0 (0%) patients having excellent, good, fair, and poor cosmetic outcomes, respectively.ConclusionsAPBI using ISI brachytherapy offers excellent clinical outcomes in appropriately selected patients with excellent cosmetic outcomes and low rates of toxicities such as symptomatic fat necrosis.