肺癌患者化疗前后NSE、SIL-2R和TNF测定的临床意义

目的:探讨33例肺癌患者中28人化疗前后血清中NSE、TNF含量的变化。方法:应用放射免疫分析检测33例肺癌患者化疗前后血清NSE和TNF含量,酶联免疫分析测定SIL-2R含量并与30名正常健康人作比较。结果:肺癌患者化疗前血清中NSE、SIL-2R和TNF含量均非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01)。化疗后,6个月在未复发的20例中明显下降但仍高于对照组,而复发的8例,其数值又回升至化疗前水平(P<0.05)。结论:检测肺癌患者血清NSE、SIL-2R和TNF含量的变化可作为诊断和疗效观察的参考。     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

A canine model for reaginic hypersensitivity and allergic bronchoconstriction

Immunization of neonatal dogs with a conjugate of 2,4-dinitrobenzene and ovalbumin (DNP₂-OA), using aluminum hydroxide as the adjuvant, elicited long-lasting (over 30 wk) anti-DNP and anti-OA IgE antibody responses of high titers as determined by homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Low antigen doses of 10 or 50 μg were more effective than the higher doses of 250 or 1,250 μg in inducing high IgE antibody levels. However, this method of immunization failed to elicit any detectable IgE antibody response in adult dogs. Bronchoprovocation with antigen of sensitized animals having IgE antibody titers in excess of 64 resulted in a marked increase in airflow resistance, which could be corrected by the administration of nebulized isoproterenol. On the other hand, sensitized animals with IgE antibody titers in the order of 64 did not manifest significant bronchoconstriction on inhalation challenge but developed anaphylaxis following intravenous injection of the antigen.     

Stimulus range influences intensity and hedonic ratings of flavour

Five concentrations of an artificial orange drink were presented for sensory evaluation in three overlapping concentration ranges. Three sensory panels, each of 30 subjects, rated the concentrations for intensity of flavour (intensity scale), relation to ideal flavour intensity (ideal-point scale), and pleasantness (hedonic scale). Except for the two extreme concentrations, neither of which was presented in more than one range, in all three response tasks the mean rating for a given concentration varied with the concentration range in which it was presented. However, the mean ratings showed good correspondence across response tasks (e.g. the concentration perceived as "moderately sweet" on the intensity scale was perceived as "just right" on the ideal-point scale and of maximal pleasantness on the hedonic scale), suggesting a link between the intensity and hedonic dimensions of sensory experience.     

Dietary fat intake and taste responses to fat in milk by under-, normal, and overweight women

Dietary fat intake, with special emphasis on dairy products, was estimated from questionnaires for 42 underweight, 80 normal weight, and 64 overweight adult women. Frequency of consumption of fresh and processed meats, frozen dairy desserts, pastries, and snacks such as potato chips was greater for the overweight than for the underweight subjects. However, preferences between verbally-described high- and low-fat versions of 14 food pairs did not differ by body size. Overweight subjects reported that they consumed more non-fat milk and less whole milk than did the other groups. Discrimination, perceived intensity, paired preference, and hedonic rating of fat in milk and in chocolate milk did not differ significantly according to body size, fat intake, or type of milk consumed. Ad libitum mixing of non-fat milk and "half and half" (12% fat) to individual levels of liking also showed no significant variation with body size. However, subjects with higher dietary fat intakes mixed to higher fat-preference levels in milk than did the low- and medium-fat intake subjects. Those reporting consumption of regular milk (3.5% fat) mixed to higher fat levels than did those who consumed low-fat (2% fat) or non-fat milk. The ad libitum procedure gave better reproducibility and appeared to be a more realistic measure of liking than the hedonic rating or paired-preference tests.     

The binding of somatostatin to rat synaptosomal membranes: effects of detergent solubilisation and of bacitracin

Specific high and low affinity binding sites for somatostatin have been demonstrated in rat brain synaptosomal membranes using 125I [Tyr"] somatostatin tracer. When incubations were carried out in the presence of low concentrations of bacitracin (0.01% w/v), a 66% increase in association constant of the high affinity binding site to Ka = 1.71 X 10(10) M-1 and a 70% increase in the Ka of the low affinity site to 0.034 X 10(10) M-1 were observed; a similar (50%) increase in the binding capacity of the low affinity site but no increase in the binding capacity of the high affinity site was seen. These results may indicate a direct effect of bacitracin on the membrane that is distinct from its effect as an inhibitor of tracer degradation. The somatostatin-binding capacity of the membranes was solubilised by treatment with Triton X-100 and the apparent molecular weight of the receptor-ligand-detergent micelle complex was estimated by gel filtration to be approximately 250,000.     

Localized Sudeck's dystrophy and distal interphalangeal osteoarthritis of a finger: anatomicoradiologic study

After an injury to the right ring finger, a 44-year-old woman experienced pain in the distal interphalangeal joint. A subcutaneous mucoid cyst was noted near the joint. The x-ray films revealed no fracture but a narrowing of the joint space and a well-defined radiolucent area in the ulnar condyle of the middle phalanx. The biopsy specimen of this area excluded infection or tumor and revealed active osteogenic remodelling. These elements permitted a diagnosis of distal interphalangeal osteoarthritis that was associated with highly localized Sudeck's dystrophy (also called " parcellar algodystrophy"). This unusual case suggests the possibility that this dystrophy might be favored by an "osteoarthritic terrain" and might also play a role in the evolution of the osteoarthritis.     

New radiotherapeutic techniques in nuclear ophthalmology

Various aspects of radiotherapeutic techniques used in treating ocular tumors are discussed. Previous and current "standard" modalities are briefly reviewed, including beta and gamma emitters, 60Co, 125I, and charged particles. In particular, emphasis is placed upon techniques under development that use biomolecules to physiologically target radioactive or stable isotopes to ocular melanoma. These procedures include 35S-thiouracil, 127I-deoxyuridine in conjunction with irradiation with photons from 145Sm, neutron capture therapy, and various combinations of the above. Thiouracil shows particular promise because of its incorporation during malanin synthesis in growing melanoma. Radiosensitization and stimulation of Auger cascades via introduction of iodine in DNA followed by irradiation with activating photons of appropriate energy (from 145Sm) has been shown to be effective in vitro. Various molecules may be used to transport boron to ocular melanoma, including thiouracil, thus allowing selective irradiation of tumor cells via 10B (n, alpha) 7Li reaction.     

Minimal interventions for weight control: a cost-effective alternative

Two studies were conducted to evaluate simpler, less intensive interventions for weight control which presumably would be more cost-effective and efficient than a "full-length" behavioral treatment program. In Study 1, participants in a minimal intervention (MI1) program who attended no regularly scheduled meetings and initially only received three simple verbal instructions about how to lose weight, lost an average of 11.1 lb. by 7-month follow-up. Subjects in three variations of a shortened, less intensive, 6-week behavioral weight loss program lost 7.8, 6.5 and 6.3 lb. but did not significantly differ from MI1 subjects in the amount of weight lost. In Study 2, MI2 subjects lost 5.5 lb. compared to subjects in two variations of a full-length program who lost 8.1 and 11.1 lb. by 6-month follow-up. Again, none of the groups significantly differed from each other in the amount lost. It was concluded that a minimal intervention program seems to produce weight loss and to be a cost-effective and efficient method for some subjects. The difference between the two minimal intervention programs may be related to the payment of a monetary deposit; a model for future research was presented to investigate simpler, less intensive interventions in combination with more complex ones in a "stepped-care" fashion.     

PON1Q192R基因多态性与冠心病患者使用氯吡格雷疗效的关系

目的：探讨不同民族PON1Q192R等位基因变异频率以及PON1Q192R基因多态性与冠心病患者氯吡格雷抵抗（CR）的关联性。方法：纳入新疆医科大学第二附属医院2020年1月至2020年12月使用氯吡格雷且诊断为冠心病的患者127例,患者每日服用氯吡格雷75 mg,5 d后用血栓弹力图测定相关参数,并进行CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3、CYP2C19*17和PON1Q192R基因分型检测。结果：不同民族之间PON1Q192R基因突变频率差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）,患者的血栓弹力图参数结果显示,PON1Q192R基突变并不会显著降低氯吡格雷疗效。结论：PON1Q192R基因突变频率与冠心病患者氯吡格雷反应的相关性还需要进一步研究。