Epileptogenic modulation index and synchronization in hypsarrhythmia of West syndrome secondary to perinatal arterial ischemic stroke

ObjectivePerinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) is associated with epileptic spasms of West syndrome (WS) and long term Focal epilepsy (FE). The mechanism of epileptogenic network generation causing hypsarrhythmia of WS is unknown. We hypothesized that Modulation index (MI) [strength of phase-amplitude coupling] and Synchronization likelihood (SL) [degree of connectivity] could interrogate the epileptogenic network in hypsarrhythmia of WS secondary to PAIS.MethodsWe analyzed interictal scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in 10 WS and 11 FE patients with unilateral PAIS. MI between gamma (30–70 Hz) and slow waves (3–4 Hz) was calculated to measure phase-amplitude coupling. SL between electrode pairs was analyzed in 9-frequency bands (5-delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) to examine inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity.ResultsMI was higher in affected hemispheres in WS (p = 0.006); no differences observed in FE. Inter-hemispheric SL of 3-delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma bands was significantly higher in WS (p < 0.001). In WS, modified Z-Score of intra-hemispheric SL values in 3-delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma in the affected hemispheres were significantly higher than those in the unaffected hemispheres (p < 0.001) as well as 0.5–4 Hz (p = 0.004).ConclusionsThe significantly higher modulation in affected hemisphere and stronger inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity generate hypsarrhythmia of WS secondary to PAIS.SignificanceEpileptogenic cortical-subcortical transcallosal networks from affected hemisphere post-PAIS provokes infantile spasms.     

Characterization of neurons born and incorporated into a vocal control nucleus during avian song learning

In male zebra finches, song learning is accompanied by the addition of new neurons to Area X, a nucleus necessary for normal song development. We examined whether Area X neurons born after 15 days post-hatch are recruited into the efferent pathway from Area X to the dorsolateral nucleus of the medial anterior thalamus (DLM). Our data suggest that the majority of these new Area X neurons are interneurons and that DLM-projecting neurons are incorporated into Area X prior to song learning.     

Singing-driven gene expression in the developing songbird brain

Neural and behavioral development arises from an integration of genetic and environmental influences, yet specifying the nature of this interaction remains a primary problem in neuroscience. Here, we review molecular and behavioral studies that focus on the role of singing-driven gene expression during neural and vocal development in the male zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), a songbird that learns a species-typical vocal pattern during juvenile development by imitating an adult male tutor. A primary aim of our lab has been to identify naturally-occurring environmental influences that shape the propensity to sing. This ethological approach underlies our theoretical perspective, which is to integrate the significance of singing-driven gene expression into a broader ecological context.     

宋代文化与中医古籍整理研究

从学风、教育、文学艺术等方面简述宋代文化的特点 ,结合宋代的政治、经济等因素探讨宋代文化繁荣的原因 ;从中医书籍的征集、校勘、研究等方面概述宋代医籍整理的成就 ,并结合宋代文化的特点探析宋代的医籍整理与文化高度繁荣的关系 ;最后根据宋代医籍整理的概况及其与文化的关系 ,阐述宋代医籍整理的特点以及对宋代医学发展的影响     

桑黄液体发酵生产多糖工艺研究

目的 考察不同培养条件对桑黄菌液体发酵生产多糖的影响.方法 通过正交试验设计,对不同培养基种类、起始pH值、发酵温度和摇床转速进行优化,在此工艺基础上,采用5L发酵罐进行发酵放大试验.结果 采用添加0.3 9/L维生素B1和0.3 g/L维生素B2的PD培养基,起始pH值5,发酵温度28℃,摇床转速180 r/min条件下,桑黄菌摇瓶发酵液中胞内多糖和胞外多糖分别为5.80、2.37 g/L;5 L发酵罐发酵液中桑黄胞内多糖和胞外多糖分别为5.85、2.30 g/L.结论 桑黄液体发酵可获得桑黄多糖,本实验结果为桑黄液体发酵工业化生产提供参考.     

宋敏教授诊治椎动脉型颈椎病思路与经验＊

本文总结了宋敏诊治椎动脉型颈椎病的经验，宋敏教授认为椎动脉颈椎病的主要病因病机为虚和瘀，属于本虚标实。其思路与经验为：中西医并重，重视临床查体；辨病与辨证相结合，重视整体观念；临床与实验相印证，重视科学前沿。在此基础上形成了一套中药为主、手法为辅、心理疏导综合治疗的三位一体治疗方案。     

宋代社会背景对《黄帝内经》研究的影响

《黄帝内经》问世后流传不广泛,至宋代朝廷重视医学,令校正医书局校勘出版《素问》,并作为太医局教材,加之印刷技术进步大量出版《黄帝内经》,才促使其广泛流行与传播,学习研究者日众。对后世医学的发展产生了深远的影响。     

宋代以后中医文献对类风湿性关节炎中医病机的认识

类风湿性关节炎(RA)发病率较高,病程长,致畸和致残率高。对类风湿性关节炎中医病机的研究有利于在临床上治病求本,提高疗效。宋代以后中医文献多认为类风湿性关节炎病机关键是邪正交争中的正虚与邪侵,正气亏虚为发病基础,人体感受风寒湿热之邪后,日久不愈,关节经络受阻,气血运行不畅,瘀滞不通,可导致瘀血。痰瘀互结是其反复不愈和关节肿大变形的病理基础。     

Frequency of Consumption of Whole Fruit,Not Fruit Juice,Is Associated with Reduced Prevalence of Obesity in Korean Adults

BackgroundFruit consumption is known to be beneficial to health. However, the health benefits of fruit juice are controversial due to its high sugar content.ObjectivesTo examine the associations of frequency of consumption of whole fruit and fruit juice with obesity and metabolic syndrome.DesignThis cross-sectional study used data from the 2012-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsA total of 10,460 adults (4,082 men and 6,378 women) aged 19 to 64 years were included in the study.Main outcome measuresFrequency of consumption of whole fruit and fruit juice was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary sugar intake was calculated using a 24-hour recall. Obesity and abdominal obesity were determined using body mass index and waist circumference, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was defined on the basis of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.Statistical analyses performedMultiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between frequency of whole fruit or fruit juice consumption and obesity and metabolic syndrome abnormalities.ResultsThe percentage of participants who consumed whole fruit daily was 32.6%, whereas 52.3% consumed fruit juice rarely. The average intake of total sugars was 14.9% of total energy, which was within the recommend range (<20% of total energy) for Koreans. Consuming whole fruit ≥1 time/day was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated blood pressure compared with consuming whole fruit ≤1 time/wk. However, frequency of fruit juice consumption showed no association with obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsFrequency of whole fruit consumption was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome abnormalities among Korean adults with average total sugar intake within the recommended range.     

衢枳壳黄酮类成分调节胃肠动力的谱效关系研究

目的 研究衢枳壳甲醇提取物的HPLC指纹图谱及其调节胃肠动力的谱效关系。方法 采用小肠炭末推进模型和离体回肠收缩模型得到调节胃肠动力的药效结果,经LC-MS分析并指认衢枳壳甲醇提取物中的各色谱峰,运用多元回归分析(multiple regression analysis,MRA)和双变量相关分析(bivariate correlation analysis,BCA),将衢枳壳甲醇提取物的药效数据与指纹图谱共有峰的相对峰面积相关联,分析谱效相关性。结果 采用LC-MS指认出12个色谱峰,经MRA和BCA,得出谱效方程(Y₁=52.379–0.255X₂+0.335X₃–4.499X₄+4.308X₅+0.750X₆,R²=0.959;Y₂=0.250+0.013 5X₂+0.023 0X₃+ 0.076 9X₆,R²=0.921),其中5个是相关峰,2个色谱峰呈现极显著的相关性。采用不同样品代入谱效方程做拟合验证后,该拟合方程的预测值与实测值的拟合误差均<3%。结论 衢枳壳甲醇提取物中芸香柚皮苷(峰2)、柚皮苷(峰3)、柚皮素(峰4)、橙皮苷(峰5)、新橙皮苷(峰6)可能是衢枳壳中调节胃肠动力的效应物质,其中柚皮苷(峰3)和新橙皮苷(峰6)呈现极显著的相关性,与调节胃肠动力密切相关。