3台不同厂家3.0T MR设备测量非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者肝脏质子密度脂肪分数的一致性

目的评估在3台不同厂家3.0T MR设备上测量非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者的肝脏质子密度脂肪分数(PDFF)的一致性.资料与方法前瞻性收集2018年9月—2019年7月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院经病理诊断为NAFLD患者30例,均于同一天先后在3台不同厂家3.0T MR设备(Philips Ingenia,...     

Intravenous pantoprazole utilization in a level 1 trauma center

Background In recent years there has been a rapid increase in the use of proton pump inhibitors. Our institution has recently had several shortages of IV pantoprazole, each lasting 7–10 days. The purpose of our study was to evaluate in-patient usage of IV pantoprazole. We hypothesized that hospitalized patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) or risk for stress ulcers inappropriately received IV pantoprazole based on current literature. Methods This was a retrospective study of 165 consecutive in-patients identified as receiving pantoprazole from December 2004 to March 2005. Only patients receiving IV pantoprazole were included (n = 78). Data collected included demographics, indication and dosing of pantoprazole, admitting team (surgery vs. medicine), and risk factors for stress ulcers. Results Our study population had a mean age of 54 ± 17 years and 62% were male. Overall, 45% (35/78) of patients receiving IV pantoprazole had an appropriate indication, and 19% (15/78) received the correct dose. Of the 78 patients, 43 (55%) were treated with pantoprazole for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP), and 35 (45%) patients were treated for GIB. We found that none of the 43 patients treated for SUP had an appropriate indication for pantoprazole, but all of the patients with GIB (35) had an appropriate indication. Of the 35 patients treated for GIB with pantoprazole, only 40% (14/35) received the correct dose. In all cases of incorrect dosing, the patients were underdosed. Conclusions Pantoprazole is not being prescribed appropriately for stress ulcer prophylaxis in our patient population. Even in patients appropriately receiving pantoprazole the majority were prescribed an incorrect dose. Appropriate indications and dosing of pantoprazole could eliminate the shortages seen at our institution.     

内毒素、失血性休克大鼠线粒体质子跨膜转运和H~ -ATP酶的改变

目的研究内毒素、失血性休克大鼠肝线粒体质子跨膜转运和Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰ酶的变化。方法大肠杆菌内毒素休克模型和失血性休克模型。采用荧光探针ＡＣＭＡ测定质子跨膜转运。结果（１）内毒素休克５小时亚线粒体在以ＡＴＰ、ＮＡＤＨ和ｓｕｃｃｉｎａｔｅ为底物时引起的ＡＣＭＡ最大荧光淬灭值显著减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）；最大荧光淬灭时间和半数荧光淬灭时间非常显著延长（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）内毒素休克早期，线粒体Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），晚期非常显著下降。（３）内毒素休克大鼠肝线粒体膜结合ＰＬＡ２、血浆和线粒体ＭＤＡ升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（４）失血性休克时Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰ酶和质子转运无显著改变。结论内毒素休克时线粒体跨膜质子转运和Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性显著下降，失血性休克时变化不大     

3.0 T ~1H-MRS定量评价脂肪肝的价值探讨

目的探讨3.0 T磁共振氢波谱成像(1H-MRS)在定量评价肝脏脂肪含量中的价值。方法前瞻性纳入22例可获得肝脏标本的患者(活体肝移植供体候选者、部分需作肝段/肝叶切除的肝病患者等)作为研究对象,采用点分辨选择性波谱序列(point resolved selective spectroscopy,PRESS)对研究对象的肝脏行1H-MRS检查,采用SAGE软件包测定水峰峰值(PW)、脂峰峰值(PL)、水峰峰下面积(AW)及脂峰峰下面积(AL),计算肝细胞相对脂肪含量1(relative lipid content one,RLC1)及肝细胞相对脂肪含量2(relative lipid content two,RLC2)。于MR扫描后当日至1周内通过手术获取肝脏标本,并对标本进行组织学检查,对肝脏脂肪含量进行分级,并将影像学数据与病理结果对照研究。结果22例患者中,7例无脂肪肝,11例轻度脂肪肝,4例中重度脂肪肝;不同病理级别间比较,PL、AL、RLC1及RLC2的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),随着病理分级升高,对应的各指标的值也相应升高;PL、AL、RLC1及RLC2与脂变细胞百分含量(proportion of fatty degenerative cells,PFDC)之间存在线性正相关关系(P0.05),以RLC1的相关系数最高(0.771 3)。结论1H-MRS能够较精确地反应脂肪肝的严重程度,有望替代有创性的肝穿刺活检。     

幽门螺杆菌影响质子泵抑制剂治疗溃疡病效果的比较研究

目的 研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染对质子泵抑制剂(PPI)治疗十二指肠球部溃疡效果的影响机理.方法 选择符合入选标准的Hp阳性的活动性十二指肠球部溃疡病患者,分为单纯的PPI抑酸治疗组(单一组)和PPI联合抗Hp三联治疗组(联合组),研究二组患者在消化道症状缓解、胃窦内pH值升高、活动期溃疡病灶转变为疤痕期(S期)的比例大小.结果 (1)联合组在4周时和6周时患者的上腹部饥饿性隐痛症状的缓解率均明显高于单一组(X<'2>值分别为6.05和6.54,P值均<0.05).(2)联合组治疗后6周时的24 h pH值<4时间百分比平均值明显低于单一组(X<'2>值为7.32,P值<0.05).(3)胃镜直视下观察单一组在治疗后6周时的溃疡总s期获得率为51.8%,明显不及联合组的89.7%(X2为7.32,P<0.05).结论 Hp主要通过改变患者胃内的pH值高低来影响十二指肠溃疡部的治疗进程.以PPI为基础的三联抗Hp治疗与单纯的PPI治疗相比,能更有效缓解十二指肠溃疡病患者消化道症状,通过升高胃内pH值,提高十二指肠溃疡病患者的治愈率.     

Effect of aluminum phosphate gel on prevention of early rebleeding after ligation of esophageal variceal hemorrhage

BACKGROUNDLiver cirrhosis is the main cause of portal hypertension. The leading cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis is its most common complication, esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is recommended by many guidelines to treat EVB and prevent rebleeding; however, esophageal ulcers occur after treatment. Delayed healing of ulcers and unhealed ulcers lead to high rebleeding and mortality rates. Thus, the prevention of early postoperative rebleeding is of great significance in improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients.AIMTo evaluate the efficacy of aluminum phosphate gel (APG) plus a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in the prevention of early rebleeding after EVL in patients with EVB.METHODSThe medical records of 792 patients who were diagnosed with EVB and in whom bleeding was successfully stopped by EVL at Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Guangdong Province, China from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected. According to the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, 401 cases were included in a PPI-monotherapy group (PPI group), and 377 cases were included in a PPI and APG combination therapy (PPI + APG) group. We compared the incidence rates of early rebleeding and other complications within 6 wk after treatment between the two groups. The two-sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and chi-squared test were adopted for statistical analyses.RESULTSNo significant differences in age, sex, model for end-stage liver disease score, coagulation function, serum albumin level, or hemoglobin level were found between the two groups. The incidence of early rebleeding in the PPI + APG group (9/337; 2.39%) was significantly lower than that in the PPI group (30/401; 7.48%) (P = 0.001). Causes of early rebleeding in the PPI group were esophageal ulcer (3.99%, 16/401) and esophageal varices (3.49%, 14/401), while those in the PPI + APG group were also esophageal ulcers (5/377; 1.33%) and esophageal varices (4/377; 1.06%); such causes were significantly less frequent in the PPI + APG group than in the PPI group (P = 0.022 and 0.024, respectively). The early mortality rate within 6 wk in both groups was 0%, which was correlated with the timely rehospitalization of all patients with rebleeding and the conduct of emergency endoscopic therapy. The incidence of adverse events other than early bleeding in the PPI + APG group (28/377; 7.43%) was significantly lower than that in the PPI group (63/401; 15.71%) (P < 0.001). The incidence of chest pain in the PPI + APG group (9/377; 2.39%) was significantly lower than that in the PPI group (56/401; 13.97%) (P < 0.001). The incidence of constipation in the PPI + APG group (16/377; 4.24%) was significantly higher than that in the PPI group (3/401; 0.75%) (P = 0.002) but constipation was relieved after patients drank more water or took lactulose. In the PPI and PPI + APG groups, the incidence rates of spontaneous peritonitis within 6 wk after discharge were 0.50% (2/401) and 0.53% (2/377), respectively, and those of hepatic encephalopathy were 0.50% (2/401) and 0.27% (1/377), respectively, presenting no significant difference (P > 0.999).CONCLUSIONPPI + APG combination therapy significantly reduces the incidence of early rebleeding and chest pain in patients with EVB after EVL.     

1 H-MRS对低级别和高级别脑胶质瘤鉴别诊断的作用及病理级别相关性的研究

目的 分析脑胶质瘤的氢质子磁共振波谱（proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,^1H—MRS）表现及其临床意义;探讨脑胶质瘤的^1H—MRS特点与其病理级别相关性。资料与方法 搜集经临床手术、病理证实的脑胶质瘤36例,按照WHO诊断标准分成两组：低级别脑胶质瘤组、高级别脑胶质瘤组。所有患者在术前行^1H—MRS检查。均在MR非增强成像的基础上获得。使用Siemens Sonata 1．5T超导磁共振扫描仪,多体素扫描,点分辨表面线圈法,检测不同区域代谢物变化。结果 脑胶质瘤的^1H—MRS表现：肌酸（Cr）轻度下降,N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）显著下降。胆碱（Cho）显著增高。低级别、高级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织分别和对侧正常脑组织的NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr、NAA／Cho比值存在非常显著性差异（P〈0．01）;低级别脑胶质瘤和高级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织的NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr、NAA／Cho比值存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。脑胶质瘤的NAA／Cho、Cho／Cr、NAA／Cr比值与病理级别相关,其中NAA／Cho和Cho／cr比值反映肿瘤级别较稳定;NAA／Cr、NAA／Cho比值存在负相关关系（相关系数rs分别为-0．663,-0．851）,Cho／Cr比值存在正相关关系（相关系数rs为0．858）。结论 ^1H—MRS与MRI相结合能提高脑胶质瘤术前诊断的准确性。^1H-MRS可评价脑胶质瘤的分级,反映脑胶质瘤代谢特性以及肿瘤生长潜能。     

胃镜检查前抑酸疗法对胃癌诊断影响的回顾性研究

目的通过对临床病例的分析,研究抑酸疗法对胃癌首次胃镜检查诊断的干扰程度及相应对策。方法实验对象均为经胃镜与病理检查最终证实的胃癌患者,包括胃体腺癌与胃窦腺癌。根据首次电子胃镜检查前抑酸剂的使用情况,分为H2受体阻滞剂(H2RA)治疗组、质子泵抑制剂(PPI)治疗组及未经抑酸治疗的对照组,通过组间比较以探讨抑酸剂的使用与胃癌漏诊率之间的关系。按日本Borrmann分型标准,对各组胃癌的分型构成及漏诊病例的分型构成进行分析,试图找出漏诊的规律。结果H2受体阻滞剂治疗组的漏诊率:胃体腺癌为6.66%(5/75),胃窦腺癌为10.7%(9/84)。质子泵抑制剂治疗组相应的漏诊率为9.37%(6/64)和12.7%(13/102)。而未经抑酸治疗的对照组的相应漏诊率为1.36%(1/73)和2.63%(2/76)。胃体腺癌及胃窦腺癌经过抑酸疗法后,其首次内镜检查漏诊率均高于未经抑酸治疗的对照组,组间比较差异有显著性。通过Borrmann分型发现,漏诊患者均为早期胃癌Ⅱb型、Ⅱc型及进展期胃癌Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型。结论抑酸疗法作为消化系统疾病常用的治疗手段,在胃镜检查前的不恰当应用,对某些胃癌的及时诊断产生负面影响,致使部分患者漏诊,甚至延误治疗。     

Proton pump inhibitors,osteoporosis, and osteoporosis-related fractures

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications today with an excellent short-term safety profile. Recently, a number of studies from a variety of data sources have reported an association between PPI use and hip fractures. However, there is not yet any direct evidence of a causal link between PPI use and the development of hip fracture. In the following paper, we will review the recent studies which have described this association between PPI use and hip fracture, and discuss the evidence supporting the likelihood of this association being causal, using data from previous work on the effects of surgical and pharmacological inhibition of gastric acid secretion on calcium absorption and bone mineral density. We will conclude by summarizing the current state of evidence on the relationship between gastric acid inhibition and the risk of fracture, and suggest management strategies for patients who require the long-term use of gastric acid inhibiting medications who also may be at risk for metabolic bone disease and fracture.     

In vivo short TE localized 1H MR spectroscopy of mouse cervical spinal cord at very high magnetic field (11.75 T)

MR spectroscopy allows a noninvasive assessment of metabolic information in healthy and pathological central nervous system. Whereas MR spectroscopy has been extensively applied in the brain, only few spectroscopic studies of the spinal cord (SC) have been performed so far. For mice, due to additional technical challenges, in vivo ¹H SC MRS has not yet been reported. In this work, the feasibility of short echo time localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy using Point RESolved Spectroscopy sequence for the examination of mouse cervical SC at 11.75 T is presented. Several optimizations were performed to improve the static field homogeneity, to reduce physiological motion effects and lipid contaminations arising from SC surrounding tissues, and to provide a careful metabolic quantification. Satisfactory spectrum quality was obtained. The described protocol allowed reliable quantification of five metabolites in the cervical SC. The mean reproducibility regarding the quantification of tNAA, tCr and tCho was ≥ 80%, > 70% for mI and > 55% for Glu, whereas the intersubject variabilities were ≤ 21%. The application of this protocol to transgenic mouse models in pathological conditions such as SC injury or neurodegenerative diseases may thus provide complementary information to MRI and increase our understanding of such pathologies. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.