质子泵抑制剂对华法林抗凝效果影响的研究进展

临床联用华法林与质子泵抑制剂的情况很多,鉴于华法林的治疗窗较窄,联用是否会影响华法林抗凝作用和增加出血风险,目前尚无定论。本文通过整合和分析国内外相关临床研究的证据,探讨各种质子泵抑制剂与华法林相互作用的机制和细胞色素P450（cytochrome P450）的CYP2C19基因多态性对两者相互作用的影响,发现华法林与泮托拉唑、雷贝拉唑联用相对较安全,但各研究对兰索拉唑、奥美拉唑、埃索美拉唑与华法林的相互作用是否具有临床意义仍存在争议,亟须进行前瞻性的多中心、随机、双盲、对照研究。     

Proton pump inhibitor use and risk for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesProton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is a potentially modifiable risk factor for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Citing an absence of clinical trials, many guidelines do not provide recommendations for addressing PPI management. Our aim was to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association between PPI use and recurrent CDI addressing prior methodological limitations.MethodsData sources were MEDLINE and EMBASE. Eligible studies were cohort and case–control studies; there were no restrictions on study setting or duration of follow-up. Participants were adults with prior CDI who did or did not receive PPI therapy and were assessed for recurrent CDI. Summary (unadjusted) odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Prespecified subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity including study design, study quality, duration of follow-up, adjustment for confounders, and outcome definition.ResultsSixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 57 477 patients with CDI, of whom 6870 (12%) received PPIs. The rate of recurrent CDI was 24% in patients treated with PPIs versus 18% in those who were not. A meta-analysis that pooled unadjusted odds ratios demonstrated higher odds of recurrent CDI in patients who received PPIs (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.46–1.96) versus those who did not. There was moderate heterogeneity between studies (I² 56%); however, a sensitivity analysis restricted to studies with 56 days of follow-up substantially reduced the heterogeneity (OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.36–1.85; I² 12%). An analysis restricted to multivariate studies that combined adjusted ORs also demonstrated higher odds of recurrent CDI in patients who received PPIs (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.12–2.00). No publication bias was identified.ConclusionsWe found significantly higher odds of recurrent CDI among users of PPIs that persisted across multiple sensitivity analyses. These results support stronger recommendations for PPI stewardship at CDI diagnosis.     

注射用质子泵抑制剂预防应激性溃疡的应用现状与挑战

随着质子泵抑制剂（Proton Pump Inhibitors,PPI）等抗酸药在预防应激性溃疡中发挥着积极作用,应激性溃疡的发生率正逐年降低。但随着注射用质子泵抑制剂的广泛应用,不合理使用问题和潜在风险日益突出。本文通过对国内外预防应激性溃疡的指南和PPI预防应用现状进行调研,总结注射用质子泵抑制剂预防应激性溃疡存在的不合理问题及潜在风险,阐述尚存的争议和面临的挑战,包括确立统一的预防指征等问题,以期为临床使用提供参考。     

质子泵抑制剂预防颅脑创伤后应激性溃疡652例合理性分析

目的：调查本院预防颅脑创伤后应激性溃疡的质子泵抑制剂（PPI）的使用情况,以促进PPI的合理应用。方法：抽查2019年1月～12月神经外科使用PPI预防应激性溃疡652例临床资料,回顾性分析其PPI使用情况。结果：在652例患者中,237例有1个或多个危险因素,有明确适应症,415例为无危险因素、无适应症用药;237例均选用注射用PPI,13例予雷贝拉唑40 mg qd静脉滴注,2例分别予埃索美拉唑80 mg qd、200 mg qd静脉滴注,129例分别予泮托拉唑40 mg bid、60 mg qd、60 mg bid静脉滴注;PPI预防用药疗程185例≤2 d、402例为3～7 d、65例为≥8 d;1例雷贝拉唑联合大剂量甲强龙;1例泮托拉唑联合双氯芬酸钠;8例PPI联合抗血栓药物;4例发生消化道出血,19例发生医院获得性肺炎。结论：本院使用PPI预防颅脑创伤后应激性溃疡存在诸多不合理应用情况,应加强药学监护与干预,降低用药风险和医疗负担,促进合理用药。     

Gastric juice for the diagnosis of H pylori infection in patients on proton pump inhibitors

AIM： To determine the efficacy of gastric juice polymerase chain reaction （PCR） for the detection of H pylori infection in comparison with histology and gastric antral biopsy PCR in patients on a proton pump inhibitor （PPI）. METHODS： Eighty-five consecutive patients with dyspeptic symptoms were enrolled. Gastric biopsies for histology, PCR and gastric juice were collected at endoscopy for PCR of the H pylori urease C gene （ure C）. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value （PPV）, negative predictive value （NPV）, accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratio for PCR of gastric juice for the H pylori ure C gene was compared to histology and gastric antral biopsy H pylori ure C PCR in patients with and without PPI. RESULTS： Gastric juice PCR was positive in 66 （78%） patients. Histology showed H pylori associated gastritis in 57 （67%）. Gastric biopsy PCR was positive in 72 （85%）. In patients not taking PPI, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy and positive and negative likelihood ratio for gastric juice PCR were 89%, 72%, 91%, 67%, 90%, 85%, 3.1 and 0.1 respectively. In patients on PPI these values were 86%, 100%%, 100%, 29%, 86%, 9.5 and 1.4, respectively. CONCLUSION： Gastric juice PCR for the diagnosis of H pylori infection has increased sensitivity compared to histology with PPI. The use of gastric juice PCR is recommended to confirm H pylori status in patients taking PPIs.     

门急诊患者质子泵抑制剂用药合理性评价

<正>经过20多年的临床实践,质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitors,PPIs)已成为目前临床酸相关疾病治疗中应用广泛、疗效最好的药物。PPIs的应用被誉为20世纪消化系统疾病治疗史上的一座里程碑。但随着PPIs应用人群的不断扩大,其潜在风险和不合理应用的问题渐有报道。国内外的调查研究[1-3]均发现存在PPIs过度使用的现象,这不仅浪费了有限的医疗资源,也使患者增加发生药物不良反应的风险[4]。