Efecto del programa Plan de egreso en la díada persona con enfermedad crónica y sus cuidadores familiares

Objective

To determine the effect of the programme Hospitalisation discharge plan for patients with chronic diseases and family caregivers to strengthen their home care competence –CUIDAR– and reduce the caregiver burden.

3M液体敷料在治疗癌症晚期患者失禁性皮炎中的应用

目的 探讨3M Cavilon液体敷料在治疗癌症晚期患者大小便失禁所致失禁性皮炎的应用效果.方法 将84例大小便失禁的癌症晚期患者随机分成观察组42例和对照组42例.对照组采用常规皮肤护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上使用3M液体敷料进行皮肤护理,观察二组皮肤护理的效果.结果 使用3M液体敷料治疗组疗效明显优于常规护理组,二组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),失禁性皮炎的愈合时间短于对照组,二组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 3M液体敷料的应用可有效的隔离排泄物对皮肤的刺激,尽早使用可以使大小便失禁患者保持皮肤完整性,减少了晚期癌症患者由于失禁性皮炎导致的疼痛和不适.     

Correlates of treatment satisfaction and well‐being among patients with type II diabetes

Aim

To examine the impact of patient characteristics, anthropometric measurement and patient clinical variables on their appraisal of treatment satisfaction and well‐being.

Background

Treatment satisfaction and well‐being are instrumental in achieving diabetes care goals. Nursing practices and healthcare policies may inform interventions in these areas.

Introduction

The prevalence of diabetes is high in the Middle East. An understanding of relationships between clinical and socio‐demographic variables and well‐being and treatment satisfaction is needed to improve care and patient outcomes.

Methods

A total of 1002 patients completed tools measuring well‐being, treatment satisfaction and socio‐demographic characteristics. A series of bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to identify factors associated with well‐being and treatment satisfaction.

Results

Males reported better treatment satisfaction and well‐being than females. Older participants, those who were compliant to diet, with controlled diabetes, and no neuropathy reported higher treatment satisfaction scores and well‐being scores. Insulin therapy was associated with better treatment satisfaction.

Discussion

Females, participants who were not prescribed diabetic diets and those with complications were more likely to be negatively impacted by diabetes. Individuals with diabetes who were treated with insulin had higher treatment satisfaction than those who used oral hypoglycaemic agents.

Conclusion and implication for nursing and health policy

These findings are important in assisting nurses and other healthcare professionals in identifying patients with diabetes with low treatment satisfaction who may present a greater risk for poor well‐being. Additionally, they lend support to developing policies for frequent screenings and special therapeutic interventions that are needed to maximize patients’ treatment satisfaction and well‐being in the Middle East and elsewhere.     

高脂肪低糖肠内营养对呼吸科危重症病人营养状况和呼吸功能的影响

目的:观察呼吸科危重症病人进行高脂肪低糖类肠内营养(EN)治疗后,营养状况和呼吸功能指标的变化。方法:选择呼吸科危重症病人120例,随机分为营养组(60例)和对照组(60例)。两组病人均接受相同的抗感染和对症治疗,营养组采用高脂肪低糖EN液(瑞能),对照组采用普通匀浆膳。分别于营养治疗前1 d和治疗后第14天测定血p H值、二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)、氧分压(Pa O2)、呼吸商(RQ)、每分钟通气量(VE)、二氧化碳生成量(VCO2)、氧耗量(VO2)、氧合指数(Pa O2/Fi O2)以及血清总蛋白(TP)、清蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、氮平衡(NB)等指标。结果:治疗第14天后,营养组病人的RQ、VCO2、VO2Pa CO2、Pa O2、Pa O2/Fi O2均较对照组显著改善(P0.05);营养组TP、ALB、NB均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。两组病人治疗后各项指标均较治疗前有明显的改善(P0.05)。结论:呼吸科危重症病人应用高脂肪低糖EN支持可显著改善营养状况和呼吸功能。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者远期生存质量研究

目的 对慢性乙型肝炎患者远期生存质量进行研究,为其预后判断,药物疗效的分析及药品经济学评估提供依据。 方法 采用补充修订的SF-36健康相关生存质量量表调查101例6～l 8年前经肝穿活组织检查诊断的慢性乙型肝炎和105例门诊体检的普通人群。 结果 慢性乙型肝炎患者在生理机能、生理职能、总体健康、精神健康、肝病特有症状5个方面的远期生存质量低于普通人群,差异有显著性(μ≥2.10,P<0.05)。 结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者远期生存质量差。     

青海省鼠疫患者血清抗体谱研究

目的研究在鼠疫感染过程中,患者对鼠疫耶尔森菌产生体液免疫反应的规律.寻找鼠疫菌新的具有免疫原性的蛋白。方法利用鼠疫耶尔森菌重要毒力相关蛋白芯片对鼠疫患者的血清抗体谱进行检测。结果利用含145个鼠疫耶尔森菌蛋白质的蛋白芯片。共检测到鼠疫患者血清中29个蛋白的抗体。其中13种蛋白的抗体在患者体内明显上升,除已知的8个具有免疫原性的蛋白外,发现了鼠疫菌5个新的具有免疫原性的蛋白(SycE、SycH、OmpA、pH6与YPO2098)。结论这5个新的具有免疫原性的蛋白将是下一步鼠疫疫苗研究的靶点。     

肾移植受者手术决策参与满意度的调查研究

目的 了解肾移植受者手术决策参与满意度现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 2020年11月—2021年1月,采用便利抽样法选取成都市某三级甲等综合医院器官移植门诊随访的272例肾移植受者进行调查。采用肾移植受者一般资料调查表、决策期待量表、患者家属手术决策参与程度调查表、患者对医疗决策知情程度调查表、患者对医疗决策参与的满意度调查问卷,对肾移植受者进行调查。 结果 肾移植受者手术决策参与满意度总分为（78.84±11.47）分,其中,信息维度得分为（70.70±17.14）分,交流协商维度得分为（79.69±13.75）分,决策维度得分为（80.73±12.47）分,总满意度及信心维度得分为（84.25±12.67）分。年龄、家属参与手术决策的程度、医疗费用支付方式以及患者对于手术决策知情程度等对肾移植受者手术决策参与满意度有影响（均P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示,患者对于手术决策知情程度是肾移植受者手术决策参与满意度的独立影响因素（P<0.001）。 结论 肾移植受者手术决策参与满意度水平有待提高,对手术决策的知情程度是影响其参与满意度的主要因素。医护人员应结合肾移植受者年龄和家属参与程度,对其手术决策知情情况进行综合评估,制订个体化决策辅助干预措施。     

住院精神病患者出走意念及其影响因素

目的探讨住院精神病患者出走意念及其影响因素,为进一步干预提供科学依据。方法对100例住院精神病患者出走意念进行回顾性调查,分析出走意念产生原因及其与患者一般资料的关系。结果本组患者出走意念发生率62.5%。无配偶、首发、首次住院患者出走意念发生率较高(χ2=6.838,20.907,17.145;P<0.001);出走意念发生率与年龄、病程、经济状况和社会支持呈反向关联(χ2=20.846、8.177、9.351,24.722;P<0.05);住院时间-出走意念发生率曲线呈倒"S"型(χ2=15.166,P=0.004);出走意念产生原因差异有统计学意义(χ2=174.362,73.516,26.710,31.469,46.712;P<0.01)。结论住院精神病患者出走意念发生率较高,住院初期以精神症状和不良反应影响较大,后期以正常心理需要为主。此外,年轻、无配偶、首发、首次住院、病程较短、经济状况和社会支持较差的患者更易产生出走意念。     

Diabetes-Related Factors and the Effects of Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin in the THEMIS and THEMIS-PCI Trials

BackgroundTHEMIS (The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Intervention Study) (n = 19,220) and its pre-specified THEMIS-PCI (The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Intervention Study-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) (n = 11,154) subanalysis showed, in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (median duration 10.0 years; HbA_1c 7.1%) and stable coronary artery disease without prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, that ticagrelor plus aspirin (compared with placebo plus aspirin) produced a favorable net clinical benefit (composite of all-cause mortality, MI, stroke, fatal bleeding, and intracranial bleeding) if the patients had a previous percutaneous coronary intervention.ObjectivesIn these post hoc analyses, the authors examined whether the primary efficacy outcome (cardiovascular death, MI, stroke: 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events [MACE]), primary safety outcome (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction–defined major bleeding) and net clinical benefit varied with diabetes-related factors.MethodsOutcomes were analyzed across baseline diabetes duration, HbA_1c, and antihyperglycemic medications.ResultsIn THEMIS, the incidence of 3-point MACE increased with diabetes duration (6.7% for ≤5 years, 11.1% for >20 years) and HbA_1c (6.4% for ≤6.0%, 11.8% for >10.0%). The relative benefits of ticagrelor plus aspirin on 3-point MACE reduction (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.90; p = 0.04) were generally consistent across subgroups. Major bleeding event rate (overall: 1.6%) did not vary by diabetes duration or HbA_1c and was increased similarly by ticagrelor across all subgroups (HR: 2.32; p < 0.001). These findings were mirrored in THEMIS-PCI. The efficacy and safety of ticagrelor plus aspirin did not differ by baseline antihyperglycemic therapy. In THEMIS-PCI, but not THEMIS, ticagrelor generally produced favorable net clinical benefit across diabetes duration, HbA_1c, and antihyperglycemic medications.ConclusionTicagrelor plus aspirin yielded generally consistent and favorable net clinical benefit across the diabetes-related factors in THEMIS-PCI but not in the overall THEMIS population.     

颅脑损伤患者家属早期信息需求及影响因素研究

目的：研究颅脑损伤患者家属早期信息需求及影响因素。方法通过分层随机抽样,选择来自温州市三家综合医院的180名颅脑损伤患者家属,应用自制颅脑外伤患者家属信息需求量表调查家属信息需求,并分析相关影响因素。结果患者家属信息需求量表总分为(21.28±2.27)分,各维度中损伤状况得分最高为(3.56±0.31)分,医院规定得分最低为(2.61±0.48)分。患者住院时间≤3 d的家属对损伤状况、治疗措施、检查方法、家属配合及医院规定等维度的信息需求度均较住院时间>3d的家属高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重型颅脑损伤患者的家属对损伤状况、治疗措施、检查方法、医护资质、治疗费用及家属配合等维度的信息需求度均较轻中型颅脑损伤患者的家属高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。初中以上文化程度的家属对治疗措施、医护资质及家属配合等维度的信息需求度均较初中及以下文化程度的家属高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。颅脑损伤患者家属的信息需求满足度和其对医护工作的总体满意度呈正相关(r=0.495,P<0.01)。结论颅脑损伤患者家属早期具有很强的信息需求度。患者住院时间、患者损伤等级及家属文化程度可能会影响家属的信息需求度。满足家属的信息需求可提高其对医护工作的满意程度。