岳阳地区50岁以上人群25经维生素D水平及其与骨密度的关系

目的 通过测定269名岳阳地区50岁以上人群血清25经维生素D(25(OH)D)和骨密度(BMD)水平,分析岳阳地区50岁以上人群的维生素D ( VitD)状况,并探讨其与BMD的关系。方法 采集受试者的血清后,用电化学发光法测定血清25(OH)D水平,并同时应用双能X线吸收仪测定腰椎及髓部BMD。结果 所有受试者中,VitD严重缺乏者占24. 2 %,缺乏者占45. 0%,不足者占24. 5 %,充足者占6. 3。男、女性受试者的25(OH)D水平、腰椎及髓部的BMD间有统计学差异(P<0.001),男性高于女性。男性各年龄段间25(OH)D水平及各部位BMD无统计学差异(P=0. 101 ,P = 0. 261 ,0. 055 ,0. 170 ,0. 108 ,0. 051 ) ;女性各年龄段之间25(OH)D水平及腰椎BMD无统计学差异(P = 0. 364 , 0. 063 ) ;髓部BMD有统计学差异(P < 0. 001 ),随着年龄的增长而逐步减低。男性受试者中,不同25(OH)D水平组间股骨颈、转子间区及整髓BMD无统计学差异(P = 0. 076 , 0. 425 , 0. 122 );腰椎、大转子区BMD水平间有统计学差异(P=0. 027 , 0. 017 ) , VitD充足组腰椎BMD高于其他各组(P = 0. 005 , 0. 025 , 0. 009 );不足组、严重缺乏组大转子区BMD高于缺乏组(P = 0. 021, 0. 005 )。女性受试者中,不同25(OH)D水平组各部位BMD均无统计学差异(P = 0. 616 , 0. 739 , 0. 559 ; 0. 608 , 0. 641)。结论 在湖南岳阳地区50岁以上人群存在严重的维生素D缺乏及不足;对于维生素D状况与骨密度之间可能无直接关联,需加大样本量进一步观察。     

Meal conditions affect the absorption of supplemental vitamin D3 but not the plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D response to supplementation

It is sometimes assumed that dietary fat is required for vitamin D absorption, although the impact of different amounts of dietary fat on vitamin D absorption is not established. This study was conducted to determine whether the presence of a meal and the fat content of the meal influences vitamin D absorption or the 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] response to supplemental vitamin D₃. Based on earlier studies in rats we postulated that absorption would be greatest in the low‐fat meal group. Sixty‐two healthy older men and women were randomly assigned to one of three meal groups: no meal, high‐fat meal, or low‐fat meal; each was given a monthly 50,000 IU vitamin D₃ supplement with the test breakfast meal (or after a fast for the no‐meal group) and followed for 90 days. Plasma vitamin D₃ was measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) before and 12 hours after the first dose; plasma 25(OH)D was measured by radioimmunoassay at baseline and after 30 and 90 days. The mean 12‐hour increments in vitamin D₃, after adjusting for age and sex, were 200.9 nmol/L in the no‐meal group, 207.4 nmol/L in the high‐fat meal group, and 241.1 nmol/L in the low‐fat meal group (p = 0.038), with the increase in the low‐fat group being significantly greater than the increases in the other two groups. However, increments in 25(OH)D levels at 30 and 90 days did not differ significantly in the three groups. We conclude that absorption was increased when a 50,000 IU dose of vitamin D was taken with a low‐fat meal, compared with a high‐fat meal and no meal, but that the greater absorption did not result in higher plasma 25(OH)D levels in the low‐fat meal group.     

原发性甲状腺功能减退症患者血清25-羟基维生素D的测定及意义

目的探讨原发性甲状腺功能减退症患者血清中25-羟基维生素D[25-（OH）D]变化及临床意义。方法用电化学发光法检测86例原发性甲状腺功能减退症患者与56例健康人群（正常对照组）血清25-（OH）D水平,用化学发光法检测上述人群血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、甲状腺素（T4）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）及甲状旁腺激素（PTH）水平,用邻甲酚酞络合酮分光光度法检测两组人群血清总钙。结果原发性甲状腺功能减退症患者血清25-（OH）D和总钙水平明显低于正常对照组（P＜0.05）,两组间PTH差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。原发性甲状腺功能减退症患者组中,25-（OH）D正常和缺乏者的FT4和TSH比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论原发性甲状腺功能减退症患者的维生素D和总钙水平较低,需及时检测并补充维生素D。     

血清25-(OH)D3水平与儿童社区获得性肺炎严重程度及免疫功能相关性研究

目的 分析不同严重程度肺炎的患儿25-羟维生素D₃[25-(OH)D₃]、体液免疫及细胞免疫水平,研究血清25-(OH)D₃水平与儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)严重程度及免疫功能的相关性。方法 收集2016年3月-2017年3月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院收治的175例CAP患儿作为病例组,根据病情严重程度分为重症肺炎组(n=87),轻症肺炎组(n=88)。同期采用随机数字法收集在本院保健科进行健康体检的100例健康儿童作为对照组。测定3组儿童的血清25-(OH)D₃水平,同时检测所有肺炎组患儿白细胞计数、中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞比例、血浆C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、体液免疫(IgA、IgG、IgM),细胞免疫(CD4、CD8、CD19、CD16/56)水平,并分析血清25-(OH)D₃水平与炎性细胞及免疫功能之间的相关性。结果 重症肺炎组、轻症肺炎组和对照组血清25-(OH)D₃水平差异有统计学意义(F＝76.95,P<0.05),轻、重症肺炎组间白细胞计数、CRP、PCT、IgG比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示血清25-(OH)D₃水平与白细胞总数呈负相关(r=-0.307,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,25-(OH)D₃和IgG水平是儿童重症社区获得性肺炎的高危因素。结论 血清25-(OH)D₃与IgG水平与儿童社区获得性肺炎病情严重程度关系密切,重症肺炎患儿血清25-(OH)D₃与IgG水平明显低于轻症肺炎组,检测患儿的血清25-(OH)D₃和IgG水平对于疾病的早期评估有重要的意义。     

The epidemiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the United States between 2010-2020: a population-based study

Introduction and objectivesNon-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that can progress to liver cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is the second leading cause of liver transplant in the US. We aim to investigate the prevalence, demographics and risk factors NASH patients in the US.Patients and methodsWe used a large database (Explorys IBM) that aggregates electronic health records from 26 nationwide healthcare systems. We identified adults with NASH between 2010-2020. Demographics including age, gender and race were collected. NASH risk factors including Diabetes Millets (DM), Hyperlipidemia (HLD), Hypertension (HTN) and Obesity were also collected. Cochran-Armitage test was used to assess the statistical significance of year-by-year trend. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of risk factors.ResultsNASH annual prevalence rate increased from 1.51% in 2010 to 2.79% in 2020 (p < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with NASH by gender was 54.1% female vs 45.9% male (OR 1.04 [0.91-1.11]). Caucasian had higher odds of NASH than non-Caucasian (OR 1.42 [1.31-1.54]). NASH is strongly associated with DM and obesity (OR 18.61 [17.35-19.94]) and (OR 20.97 [17.87-23.21]), respectively. Other components of metabolic syndrome were associated with NASH to a lesser degree; HTN (OR 3.24 [3.20-3.28]) and HLD (OR 4.93 [4.85-4.01]).ConclusionThe prevalence of NASH has significantly increased in the US in the last decade. This is likely related to the increased prevalence of risk factors as well as increased awareness of the disease.     

白芍总苷体外抗氧化活性研究

目的研究白芍总苷体外对不同化学体系和生物体系的抗氧化活性。方法通过Fenton反应生成·OH自由基,采用DPPH·自由基,观察不同质量浓度的白芍总苷溶液对化学体系自由基的清除作用。利用邻二氮菲-Fe2+-H2O2产生的·OH自由基造成红细胞膜破裂,以及肝、脑细胞脂质的过氧化,观察不同质量浓度的白芍总苷溶液对生物体系自由基的清除作用。结果白芍总苷对·OH有一定的清除作用,其IC50为0.62 g/L。白芍总苷对DPPH·自由基有较强的清除作用,IC50为6.6 mg/L;对·OH自由基引发的红细胞膜破裂有一定的抑制作用,其IC50为30.17 mg/L,对肝、脑匀浆脂质过氧化有一定的抑制作用,其IC50分别为6.9、16.3 mg/L。结论白芍总苷具有清除自由基作用,在不同体外实验体系中抗氧化量效关系存在差异。     

Do Ratings of Swallowing Function Differ by Videofluoroscopic Rate? An Exploratory Analysis in Patients After Acute Stroke

ObjectiveTo determine differences between continuous videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) with a pulse rate and frame rate of 30 and the same swallows reduced to 15 frames per second (fps) on measures of swallowing function in patients after acute ischemic stroke.DesignBlinded comparison.SettingAcute hospital.ParticipantsPatients after ischemic stroke (N=20).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresSingle and sequential sips of thin liquids, single sips of nectar liquids, pudding, and cookie boluses were rated on measures of timing of swallowing events, Modified Barium Swallowing Impairment Profile component scores, and Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores. The ratings for videos at 15 fps and 30 fps were compared by Wilcoxon signed rank tests.ResultsPharyngeal transit time was longer and bolus entry into the hypopharynx was later for 30 fps than for 15 fps. Components of Oral Residue and Pharyngoesophageal Segment Opening ratings were more severe for 15 fps than 30 fps, whereas Bolus Transport and Initiation of Pharyngeal Swallow were rated as more severe for 30 fps than for 15 fps. There was no difference between 30 fps and 15 fps on the remaining measures, including Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores.ConclusionContinuous VFSS recorded at 30 fps and their down-sampled 15 fps duplicates yielded contrasting results on certain durational and functional measures of swallowing, though not on others. VFSS should be administered continuously or at 30 pulses per second for valid assessment of swallowing while using other methods to reduce radiation exposure.     

Health Care Provider in Triage to Improve Outcomes

ProblemEmergency departments throughout the nation are experiencing crowding related to increased patient volumes and decreased hospital inpatient bed capacity. As a result of lengthy wait times, patients are leaving without having medical treatment, and satisfaction is poor. The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was placing a provider in triage to complement the existing split-flow process aimed to decrease wait times to see a provider, length of stay (LOS), left without being seen (LWBS) rates, and improve patient satisfaction.MethodsA multiprofessional team was established. Nurses, advanced practice providers, and physicians collaborated on a project to place a provider in triage to assist in seeing patients as soon as possible and begin care or treatment.ResultsThe outcomes of the initiative were positive for ED LOS metrics and patient satisfaction. Door-to-provider time decreased from a high of 56 minutes to a low of 13 minutes. The percentage of patients LWBS decreased from a high of 12% to a low of 1.62%.DiscussionThe project showed that the evidence-based practice of a combined split-flow and provider-in-triage model resulted in improvements in throughput for patients who were treated and released from the emergency department.     

Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphisms (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fok</Emphasis>I, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bsm</Emphasis>I) and their Relation to Vitamin D Status in Pediatrics βeta Thalassemia Major

Vitamin D is critical for calcium, phosphate homeostasis and for mineralization of the skeleton, especially during periods of rapid growth. Vitamin D Deficiency leads to rickets (in children) and osteomalacia (in adults). Expression and activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are necessary for the effects of vitamin D, in which several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified especially (FokI, BsmI). In this study serum 25 (OH) vitamin D3 levels were estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay [ELISA], VDR (FokI, BsmI) gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay [PCR–RFLP].Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and ferritin were determined in 50 Pediatrics beta thalassemia major patients and 60 controls. Patients had significantly lower serum calcium (p < 0.001) lower serum vitamin D3 (p < 0.001) with elevated levels of phosphorus (p < 0.001) and alkaline phosphatase than controls (p = 0.04). Of the patients studied, 60 % had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml), 20 % had vitamin D insufficiency (21–30 ng/ml) and 20 % had sufficient vitamin D status (>30 ng/ml). Patients harboring mutant (Ff,ff) and wild (BB) genotypes were associated with lower serum calcium (p = 0.08, 0.02) respectively, lower vitamin D3 levels (p < 0.001, 0.01) respectively. They were also suffering from more bony complications although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the VDR (FokI, BsmI) gene polymorphisms influence vitamin D status, (Ff,ff), BB genotypes had lower vitamin D levels, so they might influence risk of development of bone diseases in beta thalassemia major.