Tracking of high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol from childhood to young adulthood in a single large kindred with familial hypercholesterolemia

Tracking of high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC, LDLC) from childhood to young adulthood was assessed in 77 children and in 53 adults from a single large pedigree with familial hypercholesterolemia who were respectively less than or equal to 19 and greater than or equal to 20 years old when first studied in 1973, with reassessment in 1984. No children and only five of the adults had received LDLC lowering therapy from 1973 to 1984. The rank correlations between the 1973 and 1984 measurements for LDLC were 0.73, 0.74, and 0.87; and for HDLC were 0.55, 0.73, and 0.65 (P less than 0.0001 for all correlations), respectively for relatives who were less than or equal to 12, 13 to 19, and greater than or equal to 20 years old in 1973. The 1973:1984 LDLC and HDLC correlations, categorized by relationships to the proband, were as follows: (1) unrelated, LDLC = 0.16, HDLC = 0.56;* (2) first-degree relatives, LDLC = 0.90, HDLC = 0.30; (3) second-degree relatives, LDLC = 0.79, HDLC = 0.39; and (4) other relatives, LDLC = 0.62, HDLC = 0.64. All nine of the probands' first-degree relatives who were above the age-sex specific LDLC 95th percentile in 1973 were also greater than the 95th percentile for LDLC in 1984. Similarly, seven of eight second-degree relatives with LDLC greater than the 95th percentile in 1973 were greater than the 95th percentile in 1984, as were ten of 15 other relatives. LDLC levels in childhood in this extended kindred were highly predictive of adult values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

沈阳市区中老年人维生素D缺乏状况

目的了解沈阳市区中老年人维生素D(VD)营养状态。方法老年组为沈阳市两社区内健康老年人共306名,其中男151人〔(67.1±4.3)岁〕,女155人〔(64.7±4.0)岁〕;中年组为23名女性〔(47.2±7.6)岁〕。于1996、2000和2004年春季或秋季采取老年人空腹静脉血,2006年10、11、12月和2007年1月采取中年人空腹静脉血,用放射免疫分析法测定血浆25(OH)D和PTH含量。结果老年组中春季和秋季血浆25(OH)D浓度仅9人次超过75nmol/L,占2.3%;46人次在50～74nmol/L之间,占11.7%。春季血浆25(OH)D浓度低于25nmol/L者,男性为55.3%,女性38.4%,男性明显高于女性(χ2=9.969,P=0.0188)。春季VD缺乏率明显高于秋季(χ2=82.52,P=0.0001)。血浆25(OH)D浓度与PTH浓度在春季时呈负相关(r=-0.2059,P=0.0407),而秋季时男女均没有相关性。中年组血浆25(OH)D浓度低于25nmol/L者的比例是10月份为0.0%、11月份为13.0%、12月份为30.4%、1月份为47.8%。结论该人群VD营养状态严重缺乏,季节是主要影响因素之一。     

1,25(OH)_2D_3干预实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎TH1/TH2细胞失衡的研究

目的 观察1,25(OH)2D3对实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)大鼠炎症及Th1/Th2细胞的干预效果.方法 48只雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为预防组(n=10),治疗组(n=10),阳性对照组(n=12)和阴性对照组(n=16).除阴性对照组外,其余大鼠均给予pTG免疫致敏.预防和治疗组每只大鼠使用维生素D3 5 μg/kg.,隔日腹腔注射,分别从建模0～6周和2～8周作干预,阴性对照组和阳性对照组应用花生油作对照.各组大鼠在处死后取甲状腺组织做病理学检查,检测血清自身抗体,及细胞冈子的改变.结果 阴性对照大鼠的甲状腺结构完整;阳性对照组大鼠甲状腺滤泡结构破坏严重,部分滤泡萎缩或消失,1,25(OH)2D3干预组大鼠甲状腺结构保持较完整,萎缩滤泡减少,淋巴细胞浸润不明显.与阴性对照组相比,预防组其自身抗体及细胞因子水平均无显著性差异;治疗组大鼠血清抗体水平与同时期的阳性对照相比水平明显降低(P<0.05),但较阴性对照明显升高(P<0.05);与阳性对照组相比,治疗组大鼠IFN-γ及IL-12水平显著下降(P<0.05),IL-4和IL-10水平升高(P<0.01).结论 在EAT大鼠建模开始就使用1,25(OH)2D3可使大鼠甲状腺组织保持较完整形态,维持血清抗体及细胞因子正常范围.对EAT大鼠,1,25(OH)2D3有可能减缓病理损害,调整细胞因子的失衡.     

1,25-(OH)_2D_3及复方丹参对大鼠异基因骨髓移植后T细胞亚群和细胞因子的影响

目的 观察1,25-(OH)_2D_3及复方丹参对异基因骨髓移植(Allo-BMT)后大鼠T细胞亚群和细胞因子的影响.方法 以雄性SD大鼠为供鼠.雌性Wistar大鼠为受鼠,40只受鼠随机分成aGVHD组及干预组,干预组包括1,25-(OH)_2D_3组、复方丹参组、两约联合组,每组10只.观察各组T细胞亚群(CD4~+、CD8~+)和细胞因子(IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10)的变化.结果 当aGVHD表现较明显时,CD4~+、CD8~+增高,以CD4~+增高为主,与移植前比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经干预方案处理后CD4~+、CD8~+增高的幅度较aGVHD组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以CD4~+更为明显;动态监测显示与Th1相关的细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ在各干预组呈下降趋势,与Th2相关的细胞因子IL-10呈上升趋势,均在第21天变化较为明显,与第0天相比有统计学差异(P＜0.05);IL-4无显著性变化.结论 1,25-(OH)_2D_3及复方丹参能够降低CD4~+T淋巴细胞的数量,具有调节Th1/Th2平衡,抑制Th1的增殖及功能发挥,促进Th2细胞增殖,发挥免疫耐受的作用.     

1,25二羟维生素D3对胆管癌细胞系QBC939增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨1,25二羟维生素D3[1,25(OH)2 D3]对胆管癌细胞系QBC939的体外增殖及凋亡的影响.方法 将不同浓度的1,25(OH)2 D3与胆管癌细胞系QBC939共同培养,采用MTT法测定细胞增殖能力、显微镜观察细胞形态学的改变、流式细胞仪检测细胞周期与凋亡、免疫细胞化学观察bcl-2的表达.结果 0.1～0.5μmol/L的1,25(OH)2 D3对胆管癌细胞QBC939有抑制作用,呈剂量依赖性.经1,25(OH)2 D3作用72h后细胞G1期比例升高,S期比例下降,其中0.5μmol/L组细胞G1期由(50.3±1.0)%上升至(65.5±3.2)%,S期由(39.4±0.5)%下降至(23.6±0.7)%;并且可诱导细胞产生凋亡,0.5μmol/L组作用后细胞凋亡率由0.5%上升至24.6%;bcl-2的表达下调.结论 1,25(OH)2 D3能抑制胆管癌细胞系QBC939增殖并诱导细胞凋亡,其引起凋亡的机制可能与下调bcl-2的表达相关.     

Association between the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism and development of schizophrenia and abnormal involuntary movements in the Xhosa population

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated damage has been hypothesized to play a role in the development and poor outcome of schizophrenia, as well as the development of neuroleptic-induced abnormal involuntary movements. Recently, the functional polymorphism (Ala-9Val) in the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene (part of the antioxidant defense mechanism) was found to be associated with schizophrenia in a Turkish population. This study was aimed at replicating this finding in a Xhosa population. In addition, the role of Ala-9Val in abnormal involuntary movement and tardive dyskinesia development in the Xhosa population was also investigated. The schizophrenic patient group (n=286) and a healthy control group (n=243) were genotyped for the Ala-9Val polymorphism using heteroduplex-single stranded conformational polymorphism (HEX-SSCP) analysis. No significant difference in genotype or allele frequency could be observed between the schizophrenia and control group (P=0.294 and P=0.528 respectively). In addition no association could be found between the polymorphism and symptom severity (SANS and SAPS). The Xhosa schizophrenia patient group with abnormal involuntary movements (n=54) and a subgroup with tardive dyskinesia (n=30) was found to significantly differ in Ala-9Val genotype frequency (P=0.008 and P=0.011 respectively) compared to the Xhosa schizophrenia patient group without abnormal involuntary movements (n=204). However, no significant difference was found for the allele frequencies (P=0.955 and P=0.161). Further, using ANCOVA no association was found between AIMS score and genotype in the group with abnormal involuntary movements (P=0.1234). However, in the patient group with tardive dyskinesia an association was observed between genotype and AIMS score (P=0.0365). These results do not support a major role of the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism in the development of schizophrenia or symptom severity in the Xhosa population. Yet it seems to be involved in the development of abnormal involuntary movements and tardive dyskinesia and may even modulate the severity of tardive dyskinesia.     

Vitamin D metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women

Objectives

The purpose of this review is to focus on the association of vitamin D and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women.

Methods

Review of the relevant literature and results from recent clinical studies as well as critical analysis of published results concerning the association of vitamin D and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women obtained from both a PubMed and individual searches.

Results and discussion

Both basic science and clinical studies support the protective role of vitamin D on cardiovascular health, although there are controversial results in the literature. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with disturbed glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, lipoprotein alterations, hypertension, overweight and obesity. The evidence highlights the importance of improving vitamin D status in the general population for the prevention of adverse long-term health risks, including cardiovascular health. The optimal vitamin D dose remains to be determined. However, correction of low vitamin D itself does not guarantee the prevention of these conditions.     

Quantitative HPLC analysis of two key flavonoids and inhibitory activities against aldose reductase from different parts of the Korean thistle, Cirsiummaackii

Previously, the correlation between antioxidant activity and HPLC profiles of several Korean thistles has been recognized. In our ongoing study of the comparative evaluation of Korean thistles, we chose Cirsiummaackii to assess the antioxidant and aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activities of its varying parts, including the leaves, roots, stems, and flowers, along with two major components, luteolin 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and the aglycone luteolin (2). In order to determine selective and efficient usage of the individual parts, HPLC quantitative analysis of the two key flavonoids of each C. maackii part has been performed for the first time. From the results of the comparative evaluation between the oxidative stress-related diabetic complications and quantitative phytochemical analysis from various parts of C. maackii, the content of 1 and 2 might contribute to the antioxidant and AR inhibitory activities of this thistle, clearly suggesting their potential for use in the development of therapeutic or preventive agents for diabetic complications and oxidative stress-related diseases. Furthermore, our present study will pave the way of the guidelines for the efficacy and differentiation and standardization of individual parts of this herbal material, and as such, this bioactive thistle could serve as an alternative source of 1 and 2.     

1,25-(OH)2D3在调节RAS中的作用研究

目的：探讨1,25-（OH）2D3对心血管方面的影响机制。方法：建立缺乏维生素D大鼠的动物模型,观察实验组和对照组的血压、心脏组织结构、肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）的改变。结果：与对照组比较,实验组大鼠的血压显著升高,心室壁显著增厚,血浆肾素活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）水平和醛固酮（ALD）水平显著升高,肾脏肾素蛋白表达水平显著增高。结论：1,25-（OH）2D3缺乏可激活RAS,导致大鼠高血压。     

门诊儿童血清25-羟维生素D水平调查

目的:了解不同喂养方式儿童血清25-羟维生素D的水平,为临床应用维生素D制剂提供参考。方法:以儿童保健健康检查门诊200名0～6月儿童为研究对象(纯母乳喂养60名健康儿童,混合喂养79名健康儿童,人工喂养61名健康儿童),取清晨空腹静脉血,用醇联免疫法检测血清25-(OH)D的水平。结果:0～6月健康儿童血清25-(OH)D平均水平为(68.2±22.3),均在正常范围之内。纯母乳喂养组未添加鱼肝油制刺的儿童血清25-(OH)D平均水平低于人工喂养组健康儿童(P<0.05)。结论:门诊儿童血清25-羟维生素D水平在正常范围之内,反映儿童的维生素D营养状况较好;单纯母乳喂养的健康儿童维生素D水平明显降低。