Bismuth Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗

目的探讨BismuthⅣ型肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗方法。方法对近5年来经手术和病理确诊的22例BismuthⅣ型肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果22例患者中,男13例,女9例,男女之比1.4∶1。常规手术方法治疗16例(常规手术治疗组),包括手术切除5例(31.3%),其中根治性切除2例,姑息切除3例;内或外引流术11例。经典式原位肝移植术6例(肝移植组)。常规手术方法治疗组1,2年累积生存率分别为32.1%,0;肝移植组除1例术后11个月死于慢性排异反应外,余均健康存活,现已分别存活28,19,17,12个月和9个月,未见肿瘤复发和转移,术后1,2年累积生存率分别为80.0%(4/5),50.0%(1/2)。两组生存率比较差异有显著性(P=0.041)。结论BismuthⅣ型肝门部胆管癌应行积极的外科治疗,其中根治性切除术是提高患者存活率的关健;常规手术无法根治切除者是原位肝移植的适应证,术后疗效满意。     

短发卡RNA对人胃癌细胞STAT3基因的沉默作用

目的:探讨STAT3基因小发夹RNA（shRNA）表达质粒对胃癌MKN-45细胞STAT3基因的干扰作用。方法:根据STAT3 mRNA 编码序列，设计RNA干扰靶点，构建STAT3基因的特异性小RNA干扰质粒（psiRNA-H1/STAT3），使用脂质体转染人胃癌细胞系（MKN-45细胞）。实验分为对照（A）组，psiRNA-H1转染（B）组和psiRNA-H1/STAT3转染（C）组。通过RT-PCR和Western Blot检测STAT3特异性小RNA干扰基因对胃癌细胞STAT3基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。结果:psiRNA-H1/STAT3经限制性酶切及部分序列分析证明基因插入正确，并经测序证实。将其成功转染MKN-45细胞后，该细胞的STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表达均明显下降(P<0.05)。 结论:将成功构建的针对STAT3基因的shRNA表达载体转染MKN-45细胞，能有效抑制该细胞的STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表达，为STAT3基因靶向治疗提供一定的实验依据。     

BRMS1在不同转移性乳腺癌细胞中的表达及其与HDAC活性的关系

目的:探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因（BRMS1）在不同转移性乳腺癌细胞中的表达及其与组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）活性的关系和意义。方法:采用 RT-PCR技术检测3种细胞株〔非转移性MCF-7(A株)，低转移性MDA-MB-453（B株），高转移性MDA-MB-231（C株）〕中BRMS1基因的表达。用Western blot检测在上述3种细胞株中BRMS1蛋白的表达。ELISA检测3种细胞株中HDAC的活性。结果:(1) 在A，B，C 3种细胞株中BRMS1 基因表达依次比例为3.1∶2.0∶1.0。C细胞株比A细胞株BRMS1基因表达降低2.1倍，BRMS1 基因表达随转移程度的增高而明显降低（P＜0. 001)。(2)在A，B，C 3种细胞株中BRMS1蛋白表达依次比例为3.2∶1.9∶1.0。C细胞株比A细胞株BRMS1蛋白表达降低2.2倍，BRMS1随转移程度的增高而明显降低（P＜0. 001)。(3)A，B，C 3种细胞株中HDAC活性依次比例为1.0∶1. 8∶2.6。C细胞株比A细胞株HDAC活性增高1.6倍，随转移程度的增高HDAC活性升高（P＜0. 001)。结论:（1）BRMS1基因和蛋白的表达在3种细胞株中随转移程度的增高而呈递减趋势。（2）HDAC活性在3种细胞株中随转移潜能的增高而呈递增趋势;提示BRMS1可能通过参与调节HDAC活性调控乳腺癌的转移。     

胃肠道肿瘤术后复发与肠粘连引起的肠梗阻临床分析

目的：探讨胃肠道肿瘤复发和粘连性肠梗阻的临床区别和治疗特点。方法：回顾性复习了经手术治疗的86例胃肠道肿瘤术后出现肠梗阻的临床资料，并分析其在临床上区别和治疗特点。结果：86例中粘连性肠梗阻39例，肿瘤复发47例，在复发组胃癌术后复发最为多见(P＜0．05)，原发性肿瘤分化差的其复发引起肠道梗阻明显高于分化好引起的粘连性肠梗阻(P＜0．01)。症状上肿瘤复发组出现的恶心、呕吐及肛门停止排便排气低于粘连性肠梗阻(P＜0．01)。肿瘤复发的肠梗阻表现为不全性梗阻，口服泛影葡胺治疗多能缓解，但大部分患者部分症状仍存在，粘连性肠梗阻多为完全性肠梗阻(P＜0．005)，多需要手术。结论：低分化原发肿瘤、不全性肠梗阻、低发生率的恶心和呕吐及肛门停止排便排气的肠梗阻，多提示为肿瘤的复发，泛影葡胺治疗后梗阻缓解但仍有症状存在应首先考虑是肿瘤复发。     

The significance of involvement of a free serosal surface for recurrence and survival following resection of clinicopathological stage B and C rectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of tumour at a free serosal surface was independently associated with pelvic recurrence or survival in patients who had a resection for clinicopathological stage B or stage C rectal cancer and who had not received adjuvant therapy. METHOD: Data were drawn from a comprehensive, prospective hospital registry of all resections for rectal cancer from January 1971 to December 1998 with follow up to December 2003. Statistical analysis employed the chi(2) test or Fisher's exact probability, Kaplan-Meier estimation and proportional hazards regression, with a significance level of < or =0.05 and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: In 665 patients with stages B or C tumour, 35 (5.3%; CI 3.7-7.2%) had tumour at a free serosal surface. These comprised 6/332 (1.8%; CI 0.8-3.7%) patients with stage B tumour and 29/333 (8.7%; CI 6.1-12.2%) with stage C tumour. After adjustment for other relevant variables, involvement of a free serosal surface was significantly associated with pelvic recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 2.7; CI 1.3-5.5] and diminished survival (HR 1.6; CI 1.1-2.4) but not with systemic (only) recurrence. CONCLUSION: This study has confirmed that direct tumour spread to a free serosal surface independently predicts pelvic recurrence and diminished survival after resection of clinicopathological stage B and C rectal cancer. This feature should always be sought by the pathologist and reported when present, and noted by the surgeon and oncologist. Serosal involvement should be evaluated further for its utility in selecting patients for adjuvant therapy.     

乳管内窥镜对乳腺导管内病变的诊断和治疗价值

目的评价乳管内窥镜(FDS)对乳腺导管内疾病的诊断和治疗价值。方法回顾性分析近2年来FDS检查的548例乳头溢液患者的临床资料。结果548例乳头溢液病例中,FDS下诊断为乳管炎59例(10.8%),乳腺导管扩张症117例(21.4%),乳腺导管扩张合并乳管炎185例(33.4%),乳管内乳头状瘤159例(29.0%),乳管内乳头状瘤病12例(2.2%),乳腺癌16例(2.9%)。135例在我院接受手术治疗,其中91例在FDS定位下行肿瘤切除或区段切除手术(甲组),44例按常规经溢液乳管内注射染料美蓝后再行选择性区段切除(乙组)。甲组术后FDS诊断符合率97.8%(89/91)明显高于乙组的86.4%(38/44)(χ2=6.96,P=0.008)。结论FDS不仅是诊断乳腺导管内病变的可靠方法,而且可以帮助手术中定位切除乳腺导管内新生物。FDS定位下手术能够避免盲目性,为病灶的切除提供可靠的帮助。     

Tiam 1与胃癌细胞侵袭转移及与裸鼠移植瘤形成的关系

摘要：目的 检测胃癌细胞中T淋巴瘤侵袭转移诱导因子 1(Tiam 1)的表达，并分析其与胃癌细胞离体、在体侵袭转移能力的关系。方法 采用层粘连蛋白黏附法，由胃癌MKN 45细胞株(M0)中筛选获得高(MH)、低(ML)黏附亚株。应用RT PCR和定量细胞ELISA技术分别检测Tiam 1 mRNA与蛋白在M0，ML，MH细胞中的表达；应用Boyden小室法测定M0，ML，MH细胞的离体侵袭移行能力，并分析其与Tiam 1表达的关系。应用裸鼠接种法观察M0，ML，MH细胞的在体成瘤及转移能力。结果 MH细胞中Tiam 1 mRNA(RV=0.855±0.051)与蛋白的表达(RD=1.262±0.165)以及其离体侵袭转移能力(24.33±8.02，52.00±14.53)、在体裸鼠肺转移率(4/5=80%)均较M0细胞(RV=0.759±0.047，RD=0.911±0.104，11.67±3.79，26.00±9.54，2/5=40%)，ML细胞(RV=0.743±0.039，RD=0.892±0.101，9.67±3.06，23.67±8.50，1/5=20%)为强，统计学差异显著(P< 0.05)，但在M0，ML细胞间无统计学差异(P> 0.05)；Tiam 1表达水平与胃癌细胞的侵袭转移能力呈完全及高度正相关(P< 0.05)。结论 Tiam 1表达水平升高有可能促进胃癌细胞侵袭转移能力的增强。     

大肠癌临床分期相关蛋白的蛋白质组学研究

目的：筛选与大肠癌临床分期相关的蛋白，为大肠癌分子分期和预后预测提供依据。方法：将不同临床分期大肠癌组织蛋白进行二维凝胶电泳，选择部分差异表达蛋白进行MALDI-TOF质谱分析和生物信息学分析以鉴定差异表达蛋白;免疫组织化学方法验证筛选结果。结果： 建立了不同临床分期大肠癌组织的二维凝胶电泳图谱，其中Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ大肠癌组织平均蛋白质点数分别为970±41,980±32,1010±43,1240±34;以Ⅰ期大肠癌为参照，Ⅱ期大肠癌差异表达蛋白有52.00±12，Ⅲ期大肠癌差异表达蛋白42.00±11，Ⅳ期大肠癌差异表达蛋白72.00±15，通过进行质谱分析和生物信息学查询，鉴定30个显著差异表达的蛋白点，其中Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ均上调的有3种蛋白：AnnexinⅡ,AnnexinⅣ,热休克蛋白27(HSP27)。而仅在Ⅳ期中上调蛋白有1种蛋白,即肝脂肪酸结合蛋白（LFABP)。AnnexinⅡ和肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白表达的免疫组化检测结果与蛋白质筛选结果基本一致。结论：不同临床分期的大肠癌中存在着差异表达蛋白，这些蛋白可能作为大肠癌分子分期和预后的标志物。     

腹腔镜辅助胃底贲门癌根治术：附22例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下行D2式胃底贲门癌根治术的临床效果。方法回顾性分析3年间行腹腔镜辅助下胃底贲门癌根治术22例患者的临床资料。全组均行腹腔镜辅助下近端胃大部切除术。结果无中转开腹,平均手术时间188(162~270)min。术中平均出血182(100~260)mL。淋巴结清扫18.6(10~32)枚。术后患者平均胃肠道功能恢复时间78(48~140)h。1例肿瘤侵犯食管下段的患者术后发生吻合口瘘,经留置空肠营养管、抗炎、充分引流等处理后4周痊愈。无手术死亡。全组术后随访1~37个月,平均9.2个月,无复发转移病例。结论腹腔镜辅助下行D2式胃底贲门癌根治术方法可行,效果好,具有视野清晰、创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点。     

Is pre‐operative radiotherapy necessary in T1‐T3 rectal cancer with TME?

OBJECTIVE: The indications for pre-operative radiotherapy in rectal cancer are still unclear with the exception of T4 tumours. The aim of this study was to assess local and overall recurrence in patients with T1-T3 rectal cancers undergoing total mesorectal excision (TME). METHODS: Prospective data was collected from 150 patients with rectal cancer treated in one surgical centre between July 1997 and July 2002. One hundred and twenty-nine primary resections were carried of which 102 were with curative intent. Seventy-nine patients with T1-T3 tumours were included in the analysis. Nine had local resections and 70 underwent TME; 19 of the 70 patients were node positive and 51 were node negative. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 37 months (range 19-79 months) there were 3 (4.3%) isolated local recurrences. One node positive patient developed isolated local recurrence compared with 2 node negative patients. The node positive patient died from a myocardial infarction while the two node negative patients died as a consequence of local recurrence. Three (4.3%) of 70 patients developed systemic relapse all of whom were node positive. The cancer specific mortality rate over the same follow-up period was 3/19 for node positive patients and 2/51 for node negative patients. Of 9 patients who had local resections, none developed local recurrence or systemic relapse. CONCLUSIONS: With TME the rate of local recurrence in T1-T3 tumours is low. Our results do not support the use of pre-operative radiotherapy for these patients.