温经通痹汤对坐骨神经损伤大鼠痛阈和脊髓背角NR2B表达的影响

[目的]研究温经通痹汤对坐骨神经损伤大鼠痛阈和脊髓背角NR2B表达的影响。[方法]建立坐骨神经损伤大鼠模型,将100只大鼠随机分为模型组（50只）和温经通痹汤组（50只）,在造模前及造模后第1、3、7、15、30d时,测定两组大鼠的缩腿阈（Paw Withdrawal Thresholds, PWTs）作为痛阈。造模后对温经通痹汤组大鼠采用温经通痹汤灌胃2次/d、10mL·kg-1/次治疗,在造模后第1、3、7、15、30d等时间点各处死大鼠10只,取腰段脊髓做脊髓背角NR2B受体测定,并进行分析。[结果]两组大鼠造模后第1d的PWTs明显低于造模前的PWTs值（P〈0.01）,显示造模成功。模型组大鼠造模后第7、15、30d的PWTs值分别为16.28±0.49g、18.21±0.38g和20.05±0.59g,明显高于造模后第1d的13.97±0.44g,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。温经通痹汤组大鼠造模后第7、15、30d的PWTs值分别为18.64±0.98g、22.32±1.61g、19.94±0.40g,均高于造模后第1d的13.69±0.58g,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。两组间比较,造模后第7、15d时,温经通痹汤组大鼠PWTs值均高于模型组大鼠的PWTs值,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与造模后1d时比较,模型大鼠脊髓背角NR2B的亚基表达在术后第3、7、15、30d差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;温经通痹汤组脊髓背角NR2B的亚基表达只有在造模后第7、15、30d有非常显著性差异（P〈0.01）。两组组间比较,温经通痹汤组脊髓背角NR2B的表达在3、7、15 d显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,提示温经通痹汤治疗对CCI模型大鼠脊髓背角的NR2B亚基表达有抑制作用。[结论]温经通痹汤能有效提高坐骨神经损伤大鼠（CCI模型）的痛阈,并在一定治疗时间内存在镇痛累积效应。温经通痹汤在早期较好地抑制脊髓背角NR2B的表达,与改善痛阈的时点吻合,初步说明温经通痹汤提高痛阈与调节脊髓背角NR2B亚基的表达有关。     

急性胰腺炎血感染指标的研究进展

急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)的发病率呈现快速上升的趋势,重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis, SAP)发病快、病情复杂多变、并发症多,死亡率高。AP发病上升与生活水平的提高和饮食结构的改变密切相关。急性胰腺炎感染的早期识别及指导合理应用抗生素对患者治疗及预后十分重要。目前血感染指标包括外周血白细胞(WBC),中性粒细胞率(NR)以及C反应蛋白(CRP)等,该研究做相关的研究报道。     

7例儿童原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退症临床特征及NR0B1、类固醇生成因子-1基因突变分析

目的 观察儿童原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退症(PAI)的临床特征及NR0B1、类固醇生成因子-1(SF1)基因的突变情况,并分析两者关系.方法 7例PAI患者,分别来自5个家系,记录其临床症状、体征以及血促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、血皮质醇、电解质等实验室检查结果,采集患者及其家系成员的外周血进行NR0B1和SF1基因外显子测序,对测序结果阴性者进行多重连接探针扩增技术(MLPA)检测.结果 7例患者均为男性,均由儿童期起病,其中3例有家族史.全部患者均有不同程度的皮肤色素沉着、血ACTH升高及血皮质醇降低.仅1例患者存在NR0B1插入突变(5800-5801 ins G),但无肾上腺危象、低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退和生殖发育异常等表现;其母亲同时存在NR0B1同义突变(5129C>T,C38C)和插入突变(5800-5801 ins G),但无肾上腺皮质功能减退表现.所有患者及其家系成员均未检测到SF1基因突变,MLPA检测亦未发现NR0B1和SF1存在大片段缺失或重复改变.结论 儿童期PAI以遗传因素为主要病因,可能由先天性肾上腺皮质发育不良(AHC)所致,且NR0B1突变的区域、类型可能与临床表型的严重程度密切相关.除AHC外,可能存在X连锁致病基因导致PAI.     

N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗/激动剂作为脑中风治疗药物的开发前景

对N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂临床研究失利的原因及NMAD受体亚单位研究的一些最新进展进行了综述。包括以下几个方面:(1)NMDA受体与脑损伤的关系;(2)NMDA受体拮抗剂作为脑中风临床治疗药物的争议;(3)亚单位选择性NMDA受体拮抗/激动剂作为新型脑中风治疗药物的研究趋势。对于NMDA受体拮抗剂作为脑中风治疗药物的开发前景进行了展望:NMDA受体拮抗/激动剂研究已经积累了一定的理论研究资料,目前的研究虽遇挫折,但放弃NMDA受体拮抗剂的研究为时尚早,希望能寻求一种新的给药途径来解决临床治疗时间窗的问题。     

‘Nur'turing tumor T cell tolerance and exhaustion: novel function for Nuclear Receptor Nur77 in immunity

The nuclear receptor Nur77 is expressed in a multitude of tissues, regulating cell differentiation and homeostasis. Dysregulation of Nur77 signaling is associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and disorders of the CNS. The role of Nur77 in T cells has been studied for almost 30 years now. There is a clear appreciation that Nur77 is crucial for apoptosis of self-reactive T cells. However, the regulation and function of Nur77 in mature T cells remains largely unclear. In an exciting development, Nur77 has been recently demonstrated to impinge on cancer immunotherapy involving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). These studies indicated that Nur77 deficiency reduced T cell tolerance and exhaustion, thus raising the effectiveness of immune therapy in mice. Based on these novel insights, it may be proposed that regulation of Nur77 activity holds promise for innovative drug development in the field of cellular immunotherapy in cancer. In this review, we therefore summarize the role of Nur77 in T cell selection and maturation; and further develop the idea of targeting its activity in these cells as a potential strategy to augment current cancer immunotherapy treatments.     

Advances in understanding the molecular basis of the first steps in color vision

Serving as one of our primary environmental inputs, vision is the most sophisticated sensory system in humans. Here, we present recent findings derived from energetics, genetics and physiology that provide a more advanced understanding of color perception in mammals. Energetics of cis–trans isomerization of 11-cis-retinal accounts for color perception in the narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum and how human eyes can absorb light in the near infrared (IR) range. Structural homology models of visual pigments reveal complex interactions of the protein moieties with the light sensitive chromophore 11-cis-retinal and that certain color blinding mutations impair secondary structural elements of these G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Finally, we identify unsolved critical aspects of color tuning that require future investigation.     

Improved short-term memory and increased expression of NR2B observed in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) P6

The increased dopamine and serotonin were suggested [Niimi et al., 2008. Emotional behavior and expression pattern of tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) P6 mice. Behav. Brain Res. 188, 329-336], and as these monoamines are well known to influence working memory processes, SAMP6 may show improved working memory. We found that spatial Y-maze memory and non-spatial novel object recognition memory of SAMP6 were improved compared with those of senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1). Among molecules known to be related with memory processes other than dopamine and serotonin, we focused on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Animals treated with (+/-)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP), a NMDA receptor antagonist, were subjected to the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests to examine whether NMDA receptors are associated with the improved short-term memory of SAMP6. CPP (10mg/kg) significantly impaired the spontaneous alternation behavior and the exploratory preference of SAMR1, whereas no significant effect was seen in SAMP6 in either of these behavioral tests. Western blot analyses revealed increased expression of NMDA receptor (NR) subunit 2B in forebrain of SAMP6 compared with SAMR1, while there was no difference in the levels of NR1 and NR2A between SAMR1 and SAMP6. Our results indicate that increased expression of NR2B in forebrain of SAMP6 is one of the causes of the improved short-term memory of SAMP6.     

miR-196a通过靶向NR6A1降低宫颈癌Hela细胞生存和运动能力

目的探究微小型RNA-196a(miR-196a)对宫颈癌Hela细胞生存和运动能力的影响和作用机制。方法RT-PCR检测正常宫颈上皮HcerEpic细胞和宫颈癌Hela细胞、CaSki细胞中miR-196a和核受体NR6A1的mRNA水平;阴性对照miR-NC和miR-196a inhibitor转染Hela细胞,分别记为NC组和miR-196a inhibitor组,免疫印迹检测NR6A1蛋白的表达,生物信息学和荧光素酶报告实验分析和验证miR-196a和NR6A1的靶向调控关系;阴性对照质粒pcDNA和过表达质粒pcDNA-NR6A1转染Hela细胞,分别记为pcDNA组和pcDNA-NR6A1组,免疫印迹检测NR6A1蛋白表达;将miR-196a inhibitor和pcDNA-NR6A1单独或联合转染Hela细胞,分别记为miR-196a inhibitor组、pcDNA-NR6A1组和inhibitor+NR6A1组,CCK8检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,Transwell检测细胞侵袭能力,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,免疫印迹检测Ki-67、Caspase-3、VEGF和MMP-9的表达。结果与HcerEpic细胞比较,Hela细胞和CaSki细胞中miR-196a和NR6A1 mRNA表达水平均较高(P<0.01),Hela细胞中miR-196a和NR6A1 mRNA表达变化最为显著(P<0.05);miR-196a inhibitor组Hela细胞中NR6A1蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01),pcDNA-NR6A1组NR6A1的蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01);miR-196a inhibitor能显著降低Hela细胞增殖倍数和Ki-67表达水平(P<0.05),同时还能提高Hela细胞凋亡率和Caspase-3表达(P<0.01);此外,miR-196a inhibitor还能减少侵袭细胞数,降低Hela细胞划痕闭合率并抑制VEGF和MMP-9的表达(P<0.01);NR6A1能显著减弱miR-196a inhibitor对Hela细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭、迁移及对Ki-67、Casapse-3、VEGF和MMP-9表达的调控作用(P<0.01)。结论miR-196a inhibitor能通过靶向抑制NR6A1表达降低宫颈癌Hela细胞的生存和运动能力。