广东地区GBV-C/HGV5'NCR区序列变异的研究

目的 了解广东地区ＧＢＶ－Ｃ／ＨＧＶ５＇ＮＣＲ区的序列变异情况。方法 以ＧＢＶ－Ｃ和ＨＧＶ的５＇ＮＣＲ区安全同源的序列设计合成引物用于套式ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ。从广东地区的１０例ＧＢＶ－Ｃ／ＨＧＶ感染者血中扩增了１０个充列,分别克隆对ｐＵＣ１９、ｐＴ－Ａｄｖ载体。以３５Ｓ标记的双脱氧链末端终止法对这１０个序列分别进行正反两个方向的序列测定。结果 １０株充列相互间同源性最大为１００％,最小为８４．４％。与Ｇ     

特洛细胞在不同组织中的分子标记研究现状

<正>特洛细胞（telocytes,TCs）是一种新发现的间充质来源的间质细胞,形态结构具有特异性和多样性,目前认为TCs可能对维持组织稳态和损伤修复有潜在的作用,参与不同疾病的发生发展[1]。TCs于2005年被L.M. Popescu教授等[2]在电镜下发现,认为其与Cajal间质细胞（interstitial cells of Cajal,ICCs）结构类似,遂将其命名为Cajal样间质细胞（interstitial Cajallike cells,ICLCs）。随着显微镜技术的发展及对TCs的深入研究,人们发现此类细胞与ICCs在分子标记上存在明显不同,     

Performance of point-of care molecular and antigen-based tests for SARS-CoV-2: a living systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundMolecular and antigen point-of-care tests (POCTs) have augmented our ability to rapidly identify and manage SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their clinical performance varies among individual studies.ObjectivesThe evaluation of the performance of molecular and antigen-based POCTs in confirmed, suspected, or probable COVID-19 cases compared with that of laboratory-based RT-PCR in real-life settings.Data sourcesMEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cochrane COVID-19 study register, and COVID-19 Living Evidence Database from the University of Bern.Study eligibility criteriaPeer-reviewed or preprint observational studies or randomized controlled trials that evaluated any type of commercially available antigen and/or molecular POCTs for SARS-CoV-2, including multiplex PCR panels, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, with Emergency Use Authorization, and/or marked with Conformitè Europëenne from European Commission/European Union.ParticipantsClose contacts and/or patients with symptomatic and/or asymptomatic confirmed, suspected, or probable COVID-19 infection of any age.Test/sMolecular and/or antigen-based SARS-CoV-2 POCTs.Reference standardLaboratory-based SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR.Assessment of risk of biasEligible studies were subjected to quality-control and risk-of-bias assessment using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool.Methods of data synthesisSummary sensitivities and specificities with their 95% CIs were estimated using a bivariate model. Subgroup analysis was performed when at least three studies informed the outcome.ResultsA total of 123 eligible publications (97 and 26 studies assessing antigen-based and molecular POCTs, respectively) were retrieved from 4674 initial records. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for 13 molecular-based POCTs were 92.8% (95% CI, 88.9–95.4%) and 97.6% (95% CI, 96.6–98.3%), respectively. The sensitivity of antigen-based POCTs pooled from 138 individual evaluations was considerably lower than that of molecular POCTs; the pooled sensitivity and specificity rates were 70.6% (95% CI, 67.2–73.8%) and 98.9% (95% CI, 98.5–99.2%), respectively.DiscussionFurther studies are needed to evaluate the performance of molecular and antigen-based POCTs in underrepresented patient subgroups and different respiratory samples.     

The hereditary spastic paraplegias

The hereditary spastic paraplegias are a complex group of neurodegenerative conditions which are characterised by slowly progressive lower limb spasticity. This article describes the main clinical features of pure and complicated hereditary spastic paraplegias and summarises recent advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics of these conditions. Received: 2 June 1999 Accepted: 7 August 1999     

A molecular scheme for the reaction between γ-aminobutyric acid and the most abundant chloride channel on crayfish deep extensor abdominal muscle

Single-channel measurements were performed with the aim of constructing a detailed molecular scheme for the reaction between -aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a chloride channel of crayfish deep extensor abdominal muscle (DEAM). GABA was applied in pulses to outside-out patches of muscle membrane, and, based on the dose-response of the peak currents and of their rise times, a linear model with five binding steps has been proposed. Evaluation of the single-channel kinetics indicated at least three open states. Two of them originate most probably from the fully liganded receptor state and are grouped in mixed bursts due to their different life times. The third one appears independently, outside the bursts, and originates from a lower liganded receptor state. Simulations of the dose-responses and the open time distributions with this model led to a set of rate constants which generated relatively optimal fits.     

Molecular epidemiology of nasopharyngeal corynebacteria in healthy adults from an area where diphtheria vaccination has been extensively practiced

In addition to conventional biochemical tests, a DNA probe specific for Corynebacterium diphtheriae was used to characterize 53 cystinase-positive and urease-negative corynebacteria strains isolated from pharyngeal and nasal swabs obtained from 515 healthy adults living in an urban area of central Italy. No Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain was found. Six atypical strains were isolated, which could not be classified in any of the species so far defined in the Corynebacterium genus. These strains appeared to be biochemically close to Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum and genetically close to Corynebacterium diphtheriae, since their DNAs strongly hybridized, under relatively low stringency conditions, with a Corynebacterium diphtheriae-specific probe and since insertion sequences which are usually found in Corynebacterium diphtheriae genomes were also found to be present in their genomes. No one of these six strains was either toxigenic or susceptible to lysogenization by -corynephage carrying the tox gene. Therefore, they do not seem to have any epidemiological relevance as possible hosts for -phages.Corresponding author.     

Molecular detection of genetic defects in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: A study of 27 families

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase (21-OHase) deficiency is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Patients can present with the salt wasting, simple virilizing or a non-classical form of the disease. The gene for P450C21, the enzyme carrying 21-OHase activity, has been mapped to the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p. Using molecular hybridisation techniques we have studied the genetic defect in 27 families with one or more affected off-spring diagnosed and treated at the University Hospital of Essen. DNA samples were digested with restriction endonucleaseTaqI,PvuII,BglII, andEcoRI and analysed by Southern blot hybridisation with the cDNA probe pC21/3c. Eleven of 40 haplotypes associated with the salt wasting form were found to have a large deletion of 30 kb affecting the 5 end of the active 21-OHase gene and the 3 end of the closely linked pseudogene. Results in another 11 cases are compatible with gene conversion; 18 cases were not informative. The 30 kb deletion was associated with a combination of the HLA antigens Bw47 and DR7 in 7 of 11 cases. In the haplotypes with gene conversion, no linkage disequilibrium to HLA antigens was found. No apparent gene alterations were detected in simple virilizing and non-classical haplotypes. The direct detection of the genetic defect in 55% of the salt wasting haplotypes may help to improve predictive testing in families with CAH.     

DNA profiling of bloodstains on linen pretreated with remedies used for cleaning and maintaining clothes

Summary Linen was pretreated with 20 remedies for cleaning and maintaining clothes and 20 l blood was applied on each sample and dried. Restriction enzyme digest of bloodstain DNA was irregularly inhibited by highly concentrated residues of 2 detergents and a stainremover and colour-brightener. An additional dialysis step to purify DNA (Gill 1987) reliably prevented disturbance. High molecular DNA was obtained in every case and bandshifts were not observed.     

细胞因子网络--抗银屑病药物的分子免疫学靶位

从分子免疫学的角度阐述了细胞因子异常、细胞因子网络失衡等与银屑病发病的关系，并介绍了针对细胞因子网络设计抗银屑病药物的研究现状，为人们寻找抗银屑病药物提供新线索。     

Chemical allergy: considerations for the practical application of cytokine profiling.

Chemical respiratory allergy is an important occupational health problem, but there are currently available no validated methods for hazard identification. This is due in part to the fact that the relevant cellular and molecular mechanisms of sensitization of the respiratory tract have been unclear, with particular controversy regarding the role of IgE. There is now increasing evidence that respiratory sensitization is associated with the preferential activation of type 2 T lymphocytes and the expression of type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. Type 2 cell products favor immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, serving as growth and differentiation factors for mast cells and eosinophils, the cellular effectors of the clinical manifestations of the allergic responses, and promoting IgE antibody production. There has been considerable interest in the application of cytokine profiling for the characterization of chemical allergens, with cytokine phenotypes analyzed in freshly isolated tissue, or following culture in the presence or absence of mitogen at the level of protein secretion or mRNA expression. Experience to date suggests that the measurement of induced cytokine secretion profiles shows promise for the hazard identification and characterization of chemical respiratory allergens. The purpose of this brief review article is to consider the approaches available and to highlight key procedural issues.