Topical mitomycin-C for recalcitrant esophageal strictures: a novel endoscopic/fluoroscopic technique for safe endoluminal delivery

Background

Nonsurgical treatment of recalcitrant pediatric esophageal strictures is challenging. The chemotherapy drug mitomycin-C, which reduces collagen synthesis and scar formation, shows anecdotal promise in the topical treatment of these strictures. Mitomycin-C is cytotoxic, and a safe endoluminal delivery system that avoids inadvertent application to adjacent mucosa has not yet been described.

Discussion

We have treated 2 patients with a combined endoscopic/fluoroscopic technique that ensures protected delivery of a mitomycin-soaked pledget directly to the targeted site.Following pneumatic balloon dilation of the stricture under fluoroscopy, flexible esophagoscopy is performed to the disrupted stricture. Through the gastrostomy tract, a 12F to 16F semirigid sheath is introduced over a guide wire and passed retrograde up the esophagus to the stricture. A grasping forceps introduced through the instrument channel of the esophagoscope is advanced through the sheath and grasps a mitomycin-C-soaked pledget. The pledget is drawn back through the sheath up to the stricture where timed, serial radial applications to the stricture are performed without any contamination of the rest of the esophagus or stomach.

Conclusion

We describe a novel technique of endoluminal delivery and focused application of mitomycin-C to an esophageal stricture that avoids inadvertent topical application to adjacent mucosa.     

Combined treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: Radical radiation therapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C,a preliminary report

Radical radiation therapy combined with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C was studied in six patients with previously untreated operable squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. All six patients achieved local tumor control and have retained anal continence. There has been no evidence of late recurrence to date. This preliminary report demonstrates that this method of treatment warrants further study.     

激光屈光性角膜切削术联合丝裂霉素C矫治近视的临床观察

目的评价准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（PRK）术中预防性使用丝裂霉素C（MMC）矫治角膜较薄的近视的作用。方法角膜较薄的近视（-2．00D--0．00D）128例（243眼）采用PRK＋MMC治疗。术后随访6个月。结果128例（243眼）均未出现2级或2级以上角膜上皮下雾状浑浊（haze）,术后1周裸眼视力≥0．8者206眼（84．77％）,术后6个月裸眼视力≥0．8者216眼（88．89％）,术后6个月裸眼视力达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力233眼（95．88％）。术后6个月与术后1周屈光状态相比无回退。使用MMC未见明显毒副作用。结论角膜较薄的近视治疗采用PRK＋MMC,在术后减少haze、预防屈光回退及改善视力方面安全有效。     

Management of subglottic cysts with Mitomycin-C-A case series and literature review

Objectives

To describe the management and outcomes of seven infants with subglottic cysts. To assess the role of Mitomycin-C in the management of subglottic cysts. To discuss the relationship of subglottic cysts with gastro-esophageal reflux. To extensively review the literature on subglottic cysts.

Design

Retrospective case series and literature review.

Methods

Case series of seven children with subglottic cysts at a tertiary care hospital. Charts were reviewed to determine birth history, gender, intubation history, comorbidities, age at presentation, presenting symptoms, interventions and follow-up.

Results

Between 2001 and 2009, seven patients aged 4-13 months were diagnosed with and treated for subglottic cysts. All children had a history of intubation and had evidence of gastro-esophageal reflux. All children were treated with endoscopic marsupialization (CO₂-laser, cupped forceps) or bronchoscopic rupture; with or without concomitant topical Mitomycin-C therapy. Infants were followed clinically and with interval endoscopy with a minimum follow-up of 6 weeks. No patients receiving topical post-marsupialization Mitomycin-C (0/4) had cyst recurrence. Those patients who did not receive Mitomycin-C therapy recurred more frequently (66% - 2/3). Cysts ruptured with the bronchoscope tip recurred (66% - 2/3) more often than cysts undergoing endoscopic marsupialization (0/6). The one bronchoscopic rupture case that did not recur was the one in which Mitomycin-C was used concomitantly. Patient follow-up was at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-procedure.

Conclusion

Endoscopic marsupialization is the treatment of choice for subglottic cysts. Gastro-esophageal reflux has a strong association with subglottic cysts. The post-marsupialization application of Mitomycin-C may have a role in reducing the recurrence rate and scarring after surgical treatment of subglottic cysts.     

膀胱移行细胞癌术后应用丝裂霉素和吡柔比星做膀胱灌注的疗效观察

目的观察和比较膀胱移行细胞癌术后应用丝裂霉素和吡柔比星做膀胱灌注的疗效。方法将我院2002年3月至2008年3月手术后的83例膀胱移行细胞癌患者随机分为两组：丝裂霉素组44例,吡柔比星组39例。术后1-2周开始灌注,比较复发率。结果随访3个月-6年,平均28个月,复发15例。丝裂霉素组8例,复发率为18．2％;吡柔比星组7例,复发率为17．9％。结论两种化疗药做膀胱灌注治疗,对预防膀胱移引细胞癌术后复发,差异无统计学意义。     

Role of Mitomycin-C in Prevention of Post Operative Adhesions After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery––A Prospective Study

To evaluate the role of Mitomycin-C in preventing synaechiae formation and ostial stenosis following endoscopic sinus surgery. This prospective study was conducted in VMMC and Safdarjung hospital from November 2007 to August 2008. 30 subjects aged between 16 and 60 of either sex in two groups were included in the study. All these patients with bilateral nasal polyposis underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with topical application of Mitomycin-C and were subjectively and objectively assessed for improvement of symptoms and post operative synaechiae formation. Patients showed improvement in subjective symptoms mainly nasal obstruction and hyposmia as well as decreased incidence of synaechiae formation and ostial stenosis post surgery following Mitomycin-C application. After doing this study we could conclude that Mitomycin–C applied topically following endoscopic sinus surgery was helpful in improvement of symptoms like nasal obstruction and hyposmia as well as decreased adhesion rate and middle meatal antrostomy closure rate. Topical application of Motomycin-C was safe in a dose of 0.4–0.8 mg/ml applied over 5 min and offered significant improvement both subjectively and objectively.     

Effect of intraurethral Mitomycin-C on healing and fibrosis in rats with experimentally induced urethral stricture

BACKGROUND: In the pathogenesis of urethral stricture, fibrosis is associated with an excessive collagen increase. After the recognition that topical application of Mitomycin-C (MMC) inhibits fibroblast proliferation and is effective in preventing scar formation, many studies have been carried out on this subject outside the scope of urology. The aim of the present study is to observe the intraurethral impact of the employment of low doses of MMC on scar formation and fibrosis in experimental rat model. METHODS: Urethral injuries were made by internal urethrotomy knife. The study was carried out with 35 adult male Wistar albino rats. Five rats were allocated to the control group (group 1), 10 to a group that was administered 2 mg/L MMC (group 2) and 20 to a group that was administered 10 mg/L MMC (group 3). Mitomycin-C was administered to the injured urethra in the form of irrigation for 5 min. The rats were sacrificed 14 days later in order to evaluate chronic inflammation and fibrosis and their penises were histopathologically examined under light microscopy with hematoxilen eosin and trichrom stains. RESULTS: When group 2 was compared with control group, the differences in hemosiderin-laden macrophages (HLM), mononuclear cell infiltration (MCI) and fibrosis were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.005, respectively). When group 3 was compared with control group, the differences in HLM, MCI and fibrosis were also found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.005, respectively). In the comparison of group 2 with group 3, no statistically significant differences were found in terms of the these parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Although MMC is toxic at high doses, the antifibrotic effect of the intraurethral low dose MMC may be useful in combination therapy for internal urethrotomy.     

The combined endoscopic management of congenital laryngeal web

Laryngeal web in the anterior commissure is a rare congenital anomaly often leading to severe dyspnea. Endoscopic procedures based on a simple transsection in these cases may worsen the condition because vocal folds have a tendency for fibrosis and granulation tissue formation after surgical interventions. Thus the traditional treatment of choice is the demanding, externally performed laryngotracheal reconstruction generally with a rib cartilage graft and longer period of stenting. This report presents the successful endoscopic management of a congenital laryngeal web in a 2-year-old boy, who previously underwent an uneffective scar laser transsection that led to excessive glotto-subglottic refibrosis. After the CO₂-laser transsection the authors applied Mitomycin-C and inserted a combined silicon stent by extra-endolaryngeal technique. After the removal of the stent the patient could be decannulated and his voice improved. The application of these minimally invasive endoscopic techniques was successful, hence it may be an effective alternative treatment option for laryngeal webs.