麦麸中的降血脂成分

饮食治疗是高脂血症治疗的基础。麦麸是小麦加工副产品,含有小麦中主要营养物质,其中多种营养物质如膳食纤维、烟酸、维生素E、硒、镁、植物化合物都有降血脂的功能。对麦麸的降血脂功能进行深入的研究,将有利于充分利用资源,促进人群健康。     

Trace elements determination in edible seaweeds by an optimized and validated ICP-MS method

An optimized and validated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was used to analyze trace elements in seaweeds. Different volumes and rates of HNO₃ and H₂O₂, digestion times, and microwave power levels were tested to ascertain the best conditions for sample digestion. Analytical mass and instrumental parameters were selected to assure accurate and precise determination of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and V by ICP-MS. The method was optimized and validated using biological Certified Reference Materials. In addition, some samples of seaweeds (Porphyra and Laminaria) from France, Spain, Korea, and Japan were analyzed using the optimized method. Porphyra presented higher concentrations of most elements, except for As, than Laminaria. Seaweeds from Korea and Japan tended to display the highest concentrations of Pb and Cd. In contrast, Spanish and French samples showed the highest levels of some micro-elements essential to human nutrition.     

Preparations based on minerals extracts of Calicotome villosa roots and bovine butyrate matter: Evaluation in vitro of their antibacterial and antifungal activities

Objective

The use of preparations based on minerals extracts of Calicotome villosa and butter is born from the misuse of drugs without specific microbiological analyzes. Seventeen different preparations were performed. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined on five bacteria and two fungi strains respectively.

A Brazilian Total Diet Study: Evaluation of essential elements

Total Diet Study (TDS) has been adopted worldwide and is based on the evaluation of food samples representing a Market Basket, which shows dietary habits of a large-scale population. This TDS presents results of the element concentrations, daily dietary intakes and contributions to the total daily intake of essential elements, Na, K, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cr in 30 food groups of a Market Basket of São Paulo State, Brazil. The methodology for the first Brazilian TDS for the São Paulo State population and its respective Market Basket was developed. Food consumption data and information were obtained from the National Household Food Budget Survey, Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2002–2003 conducted by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics, which includes 5440 foods. The selection criteria to carry out the Market Basket were the foods consumed at more than 2 g/day/person, which represented 72% of the total weight of the foods for this population. Element concentrations were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis and ranged in mg kg⁻¹ as follows: Na: 1.5–256,185; K: 0.51–532; Ca: 22–1827; Fe: 0.08–49; Zn: 0.030–98; and in μg kg⁻¹ Cr: 2.6–799. The dietary intakes contributed by the Market Basket were: 1928 mg/day⁻¹ Na; 861 mg/day⁻¹ K; 275 mg/day⁻¹ Ca; 5.70 mg/day⁻¹ Fe; 4.25 mg/day⁻¹ Zn and 20.7 μg/day⁻¹ Cr. The observed low levels are probably due to the fact that Market Basket represented 72% of the weight of the household consumed foods. The highest contributions to the total intake of the essential elements were: salts, 78.9% of Na; breads, 36.9% of Fe and 46.4% of Cr; cereals, 18.7% of Zn; and milk/cream, 58.7% of Ca and 23.6% of K.     

Levels of selected trace metals in canned tuna fish produced in Turkey

Trace metals (iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, tin, mercury and lead) in canned tuna, obtained from 4 different brands in Turkey, were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The trace metals were found to be in the range of 20.2-38.7 mg/kg for iron, 8.20-12.4 mg/kg for zinc, 0.48-0.58 mg/kg for copper, 0.01-0.02 mg/kg for cadmium, 0.02-0.13 mg/kg for tin, 0.06-0.30 mg/kg for mercury, and 0.09-0.45 mg/kg for lead. These results showed that there is no risk in canned tuna with respect to the concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium and tin. However, it was determined that some of the samples may contain iron, lead and mercury above the legal limits set by health authorities. It was concluded that trace metals in canned tuna must be monitored comprehensively and periodically with respect to the consumer health.     

Dead sea bath salt for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris: a double-blind controlled study

Back-ground The beneficial effect of the Dead Sea (DS) area in psoriasis is attributed in part to the DS water, which has a high content of minerals, Aim The aim of the study was 10 evaluate the sole therapeutic effect of DS salt in psoriasis. Patients and Methods Thirty patients wild psoriasis vulgaris, involving >15% body area, were included in the study, which was conducted in a double-blind controlled manner. Treatment consisted of once daily baths, heated lo 35°C, of 20 min duration, for 3 weeks, of cither DS bath salt (group I) or common salt (group II). Clinical evaluation was based on Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score determination before and after treatment Results Twenty-five patients 113 in group 1 and I 2 in group II) terminated the treatment protocol. In both groups, treated by US hath salt and common salt, respectively, the mean PASI score before treatment (18.6, ± 9.4 and 15.7 ± 7.1. respectively) decreased significantly al the end of the treatment (11.4 ± 6.1 and 11.4± 6.6, respectively). The mean percentage reduction of PASI score at the end of the treatment regimen, was higher in patients treated with IDS bath salt (34.8%) compared to patients treated with common salt (27.5%) (P > 0.05). The mean percentage reduction a month after termination of the treatment protocol was higher in patients treated with DS hath salt (43.6%) than in those treated with common salt (24%) (P > 0.05). Conclusions The present study implies a beneficial effect to bathing wish either DS hath salt or common salt as a sole therapy for psoriasis vulgaris. However, we observed an enhanced beneficial effect of DS hath salt compared to common salt.     

肾移植患者骨矿含量的测定及临床意义

测量了６４例肾移植患者移植前后的骨矿含量及骨钙素（ＢＧＰ）、甲状旁腺激素（ＰＴＨ）、血液生化的变化，以探讨它们的相互关系及临床意义。结果术前血肌酐（ＳＣｒ）、尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、磷（Ｐ）、ＰＴＨ、ＢＧＰ为高水平，血钙（Ｃａ）低，骨矿含量（０．７７７±０．０１５ｇ／ｃｍ２）明显低于对照组（０．８１１±０．０３５ｇ／ｃｍ２）。术后肾功能正常者，ＳＣｒ、ＢＵＮ、Ｃａ、Ｐ及ＰＴＨ、ＢＧＰ均恢复正常，骨矿含量半年后恢复至对照组水平。提示慢性肾功能衰竭及血液透析期间存在明显钙磷代谢异常，严重骨营养不良；肾移植成功后骨矿含量恢复，纠正了肾性骨病；肾移植后骨矿含量低者，往往提示预后不良。     

Effects of leptin on intake of specific micro- and macronutrients in a woman with leptin gene deficiency studied off and on leptin at stable body weight

In this report, we examine the effects of leptin on the intake of specific macro- and micronutrients in a female patient with leptin gene deficiency. The patient was studied off and on leptin at stable body weight, within the normal to mildly overweight range. The data were obtained by detailed dietary assessments, measuring dietary intakes by weighed food and fluid consumption records, and analyzed using nutrition analysis software. Overall, significant differences were found in the off versus on leptin treatment periods in the following categories: (i) macronutrients: kilocalories, protein, carbohydrates, monounsaturated fats, MFA 18:1 oleic and total fiber; (ii) vitamins: vitamin C, pyridoxine and pantothenic acid; (iii) minerals: potassium, magnesium, copper and chromium; and amino acids: threonine, lysine and histidine. The nutritional data from this study indicates a direct link between the effects of leptin and ingestion of several specific micronutrients. The mechanisms underlying these effects warrant further investigation and study.     

初乳中活性营养成分分析

利用免疫学技术和生化分析手段，研究人初乳中大分子活性物质和小分子营养物质。结果提示：（1）人初乳中SlgA含量很高，达10mg／ml；（2）人初乳中含有两类生长因子成份，一类对颈基乙醇稳定，一类对流基乙醇不稳定，而人成乳和牛初乳只具备一种类型的生长因子；（3）人初乳中蛋白质氨基酸含量丰富，尤其富含八种必需氨基酸。维生素A、D、E及矿质元素Ca、P、Fe的含量均高于某些代乳品，且配比合理，营养评分较高。结果阐明人初乳对新生地具有保护和营养两方面功能。     

Nutritional composition of Rainbow papaya, the first commercialized transgenic fruit crop

Rainbow papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a genetically engineered (GE) cultivar with resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). This cultivar currently accounts for about 70% of Hawaii's papaya acreage. The nutritional composition of Rainbow papaya and a non-transgenic control were analyzed to address GE food safety concerns regarding the potential for altered nutritional composition and altered expression of inherent allergens and toxic proteins. Rainbow papaya fruit were analyzed at three ripening stages and the data compared to that of a non-transgenic papaya which shares a similar pedigree. No differences were observed between GE and non-GE papaya for 36 nutrients at any of the tested fruit ripeness stages. However, vitamin A was higher and calcium levels were lower in the GE fruit. The GE fruit showed higher levels of protein and papain at the earliest stage of ripening (color break), but in ripened fruit these differences were insignificant. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) levels were very low and similar for both Rainbow and the non-transgenic control fruit at all ripeness stages. Our data show that the contents of nutrients, BITC and papain of GE Rainbow papaya are within the range of those of non-GE papaya and that the Rainbow cultivar is substantially similar to the non-GE cultivar.