钩藤碱降低内毒素血症小鼠死亡率的机制研究

目的： 观察钩藤碱对内毒素血症小鼠死亡率及器宫损伤的影响，并探讨其作用机制。方法: 雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、脂多糖（LPS）组、钩藤碱（Rhy）防治组和Rhy对照组，分别予以生理盐水、Rhy皮下注射，1 time/d，连续3 d，第3 d皮下注射后1 h，腹腔注射生理盐水或LPS（20 mg/kg）。观察各组小鼠的死亡率，肺、小肠组织病理改变；测定注射LPS后12 h各组肺湿/干重比值 (W/D)及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）的水平；用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）及白细胞介素-10（IL-10）的含量，用硝酸还原酶法试剂盒测定血清一氧化氮（NO）的含量。进一步复制盲肠结扎穿孔的脓毒症模型， 观察钩藤碱对脓毒症小鼠生存率的影响。结果: LPS攻击后24 h小鼠的生存率明显低于对照组，8、16 mg/kg的钩藤碱防治组小鼠生存率高于LPS组。但钩藤碱并不能降低CLP小鼠的死亡率，而且，8 mg/kg钩藤碱治疗组小鼠的死亡率反而高于CLP小鼠的死亡率。LPS攻击后12 h病理检查发现LPS组小鼠肺及小肠组织均有严重的炎症表现；肺W/D、血清ALT、AST、BUN、Cr水平显著高于对照组；LPS攻击后2 h血清TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-10含量及8 h血清NO水平显著高于对照组。LPS攻击后12 h， Rhy防治组肺及小肠组织损伤无明显改善；肺W/D、血清ALT、AST、BUN、Cr水平与LPS组比较无显著差异；LPS攻击后2 h血清TNF-α水平显著低于LPS组，但2 h血清IL-1β及IL-10含量及8 h血清NO水平与LPS组比较无显著差异。结论: 钩藤碱能降低内毒素血症小鼠的死亡率，但不能降低脓毒症小鼠的死亡率，抑制TNF-α的生成可能是钩藤碱降低内毒素血症小鼠死亡率的机制之一。     

Influences of different adenosine receptor subtypes on catalepsy in mice

The effects of adenosine A₁ and A₂ receptors on catalepsy were studied in mice. The adenosine agonists 5-N-ethylcarboxamide-adenosine (NECA), N⁶-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) induced dose dependent catalepsy. The A₁ adenosine antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT) potentiated catalepsy induced by NECA, R-PIA and CHA. However, theophylline did not potentiate but inhibited the responses induced by NECA, R-PIA and CHA. Neither 8-PT nor theophylline alone has any effect on catalepsy in mice. It is concluded that catalepsy induced by the adenosine agonists may be due to A₂ receptor stimulation and that the A₁ antagonism may potentiate the response.     

新工艺制备的β—TCP陶瓷小鼠肌肉内种植后的变化

目的：检测新工艺制备的β－磷酸三钙（β－TCP）的生物相容性,方法：将自制β－TCP植入小鼠股后肌袋。术后24,72h,1,2,4,8周分别取材做组织学检查,2,4周取材部分标本做扫描电镜（SEM）观察。结果：随着时间推移,β－TCP逐渐被纤维组织分割包围,但是无软骨,骨和坏死组织形成,结论：新工艺制备的β-TCP具有良好的组织相容性。     

睾酮对低氧小鼠红细胞比容和血清促红细胞生成素的影响

为了观察性激素对红细胞生成的作用,应用低压舱(0.42atm,22h/d)分别给小鼠注射人重组促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)、睾酮、皮质醇,检测红细胞比容(Hct)和血清促红细胞生成素(sEPO)的变化。结果表明:低氧6d后,各组sEPO均显著升高(P<0.05);注射rhEPO或睾酮组的Hct显著增加(P<0.05);注射rhEPO或睾酮组的Hct显著增加(P<0.05),而注射皮质醇组Hct改变不显著(P>0.05)。     

手术对淋巴细胞亚群细胞周期的影响

目的观察实验动物围手术期脾脏淋巴细胞亚群细胞周期改变,分析手术对机体免疫功能的影响及其意义。方法对Balb／c小鼠行截肢术,分别于术后第1、2、3、4d处死,分离脾脏淋巴细胞,单克隆荧光抗体标记,流式细胞检测各淋巴细胞亚群的细胞周期。结果术后第1天CD3+、CD4+细胞的(S＋G2)期明显增高,分别为43.5±3.4％和46.5±4.1％,维持至术后第4天。CD8+(S＋G2)期术后第2天62.7±5.7％较对照组41.3±1.9％明显升高。sIG(膜表面免疫球蛋白)术后第2天(S＋G2)期明显升高。结论手术及应激可影响小鼠机体免疫功能。     

狼毒大戟水提物对小鼠致突变作用的实验研究

探讨狼毒大戟水提物是否具有致突变作用。 方法实验用昆明种近交小鼠为实验对象,采用传统的毒理学实验方法,以微核出现率和精于畸变率为观察指标,在高(360g／kg)、中(180g／kg)、低(30g／kg)剂量下,进行了初步观察。 结果中、高剂量组与阴性对照纽间有显著性差异(P     

99mTc—DTPA—甲硝唑正常动物体内分布研究

目的：探讨＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＤＴＰＡ－甲硝唑在正常动物的体内分布。方法：经小鼠和家兔耳缘静脉注射＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＤＰＴＡ－甲硝唑（３．７ＭＢｑ）后５ｍｉｎ２４ｈ,连续采集血液和其它脏器标本,测其放射性。结果：＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＤＴＰＡ－甲硝唑正常小鼠生物分布除肝脏、肾脏外,其余器官无明显分布。家兔血液清除研究在血中清除快,在血中呈双指数下降Ｔ１／２α为０．４５ｈ,Ｔ１／２β为３．１８ｈ。结论：＾９９ｍＴｃ－     

IL—12提高DNA疫苗诱导小鼠抗HBV皮下移植瘤的免疫研究

目的 观察ＩＬ－２真核表达载体（ｐＷＲＧ３１６９）对ＨＢＶ－ＳＤＮＡ疫苗（ｐＣＲ３．１－Ｓ）诱导Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠（Ｈ－２＾ｄ）的特异性细胞免疫应答及其对稳定表达ＨＢｓＡｇ的小鼠肥大细胞瘤Ｐ８１５细胞（Ｐ８１５－ＨＢＶ－Ｓ）成瘤性的影响。方法肌肉注射ＤＮＡ疫苗,背部皮下接种Ｐ８１５－ＨＢＶ－Ｓ细胞,观察成瘤情况,４ｈ＾５１Ｃｒ释放法检测小鼠脾细胞ＣＴＬ活性。结果 对照组、ｐＣＲ３．１－Ｓ及共同免疫     

Caffeine enhances the stimulant effect of methamphetamine,but may not affect induction of methamphetamine sensitization of ambulation in mice

Methamphetamine (MAP: 1 and 2 mg/kg SC) and caffeine (CAF: 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg SC) dose-dependently increased ambulation in mice. Repeated administration (5 times at 3 to 4-day intervals) of MAP, but not CAF, induced sensitization to its effect. Furthermore, the mice repeatedly receiving CAF showed no significant change in the sensitivity to MAP. Combined administration of MAP with CAF increased the effect. In the combinations of MAP (1 mg/kg) with CAF (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), and MAP (2 mg/kg) with CAF (1 and 3 mg/kg), the effect was enhanced by the repeated administration. However, MAP sensitization was not modified by the combination with CAF in the repeated administration schedule, except in the combination of MAP (1 mg/kg) with CAF (30 mg/kg). The ambulation-increasing effects of MAP (1 mg/kg), CAF (10 mg/kg) and combination of MAP with CAF were almost equivalently inhibited by SCH 23390 (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg SC) and YM-09151-2 (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg SC). However, the inhibitory effects of apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg SC) andN ⁶-(L-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg SC) were stronger for CAF than for MAP and the combination, and those of -methyl-p-tyrosine (200 mg/kg IP, 4 h before) and reserpine (1 mg/kg SC, 4 h before) were stronger for MAP and CAF alone than for the combination. The present results suggest that, although the combination of MAP and CAF enhances the ambulation-increasing effect through an interaction at dopaminergic system, CAF may not significantly modify the induction of MAP sensitization in mice.     

脾切除对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞数量和功能的影响

目的：研究脾切除对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞数量和功能活性的影响。方法：术后4周获取腹腔常居巨噬细胞和炎症巨噬细胞,检测其数量、吞噬功能和一氧化氨水平。结果：与正常对照组和假手术组比较,脾切除组小鼠的2种巨噬细胞不仅数量明显减少,而且它们的吞噬功能和一氧化氮水平呈明显下降。结论：提示脾切除造成的单核吞噬细胞继发性炎症反应的捐伤和巨噬细胞功能活性的降低,可能是脾切除后(凶险性)感染的重要因素。