蛇床子素与金雀异黄酮对大鼠峰值骨量影响的比较研究

研究蛇床子素（Osthole,OST）与金雀异黄酮（Genistein,GEN）对大鼠峰值骨密度与骨质量的影响。方法：采用随机分组法将36只1月龄SD雌性大鼠（125±3）g分为3组：对照组（CON,等体积蒸馏水,n=12）,蛇床子素组（OST,9mg·kg^-1d^-1i．g．,n=12）,金雀异黄酮组（GEN,10mg·kg^-1d^-1i．g．;n=12）。每周监测体重,每月用双能x射线骨密度仪（DEXA）检测全身骨密度。3个月后处死所有动物,采用酶联免疫法测定血清骨钙素（Osteocalcin,0C）和抗酒石酸性磷酸酶5b（Tartaficacid phosphatase 5b,TRACP 5b）含量,用DEXA测定股骨骨密度,用μCT分析股骨组织微结构,树脂包埋不脱钙骨组织切片技术做胫骨骨形态分析,用万能材料试验机测定股骨生物力学,称量心、肝、胃、肾、肾上腺和子宫湿重,计算器官指数,并做常规病理学检测。结果：大鼠的体重、器官指数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;病理学观察未见异常发生;第1、2个月全身骨密度无明显差异（P〉0．05）,第3个月后OST组全身骨密度显著高于CON组、GEN组,上述3组中股骨骨密度与全身骨密度的变化呈相同趋势（P〈0．05）。与对照组相比,OST组、GEN组血清OC水平升高,而与CON组、GEN组相比,0ST组的TRACP5b含量下降（P〈0．05）;OST组的骨体积百分率、骨小梁厚度和骨小梁数量均高于CON组,但骨小梁分离度和模型系数均显著低于CON组（P〈0．05）,OST组与GEN组的上述指标虽未出现统计学差异（P〉0．05）,但平均值OST组高于GEN组;OST组骨小梁厚度和骨小梁数量均高于CON组、GEN组,但骨小梁分离度低于CON组、GEN组;OST组股骨最大载荷、弹性模量和屈服强度均明显高于CON组（P〈0．05）,OST组与GEN组虽未出现统计学差异（P〉0．05）,但平均值OST组高于GEN组。结论：口服蛇床子素能有效提高大鼠峰值骨量,从而?     

不同强度正弦交变电磁场对大鼠骨密度及骨形态计量学的影响

目的 ：研究50 Hz不同强度正弦交变电磁场（sinusoidal electromagnetic fields,SEMFs）对SD大鼠骨密度和骨形态计量学的影响。方法：将30只雌性SD大鼠随机分为3组：A组（正常对照组）,B组（0.1 m T磁场组）和C组（0.6 m T磁场组）。除对照组外,分别给予各磁场组每日3 h的磁场干预。实验8周后处死大鼠,用双能X线骨密度仪检测各组大鼠全身、股骨及椎体骨密度,并对左侧胫骨及椎体L4分别进行骨组织静态和动态分析评价。结果：与A组相比,B组大鼠全身、股骨和椎体骨密度显著增加;股骨和椎体骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁数量和骨小梁宽度显著增加,骨小梁分离度明显降低;观察双标记有明显变化。C组骨小梁数目与A组相比差异有统计学意义,其余指标差异均无统计学意义。结论：50 Hz 0.1 m T磁场强度的正弦交变电磁场,能够有效增加大鼠骨密度,改善大鼠的骨组织微结构,促进骨形成。     

Cytomegalovirus-induced pathology in human temporal bones with congenital and acquired infection

ObjectivePublications on histopathology of human temporal bones with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are limited. We aim to determine histopathology of the inner ears and the middle ears in human temporal bones with congenital and acquired CMV infections.MethodsTemporal bones from 2 infants with congenital and 2 adults with acquired CMV infection were evaluated by light microscopy.ResultsTwo infants with congenital CMV infection showed striking pathological changes in the inner ear. There was a hypervascularization of the stria vascularis in the cochlea of the first infant, but no obvious loss of outer and inner hair cells was seen in the organ of Corti. However, cytomegalic cells and a loss of outer hair cells were found in the cochlea of the second infant. The vestibular organs of both infants showed cytomegalic cells, mostly located on dark cells. There was a loss of type I and type II hair cells in the macula of the saccule and utricle. Loss of hair cells and degeneration of nerve fibers was also seen in the semicircular canals. Both infants with congenital infection showed abundant inflammatory cells and fibrous structures in the middle ear cavity. No evidence of cytomegalic cells and hair cell loss was found in the cochlea or vestibular labyrinth in acquired CMV infection.ConclusionsIn two infants with congenital CMV infection, the cochlea, vestibule, and middle ear were highly affected. Temporal bones of adult donors with acquired viral infection showed histological findings similar to donors of the same age without ear disease.     

原发长骨良性纤维组织细胞瘤的影像表现及鉴别

目的探讨原发长骨良性纤维组织细胞瘤(BFH)的影像表现及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析29例证实的原发长骨良性纤维组织细胞瘤患者的临床及影像学资料。结果本组病例病变均单发,其中股骨14例,胫骨7例,肱骨5例,腓骨2例,锁骨1例,其中29例均行X线检查,21例行CT检查,17例行MRI检查;X及CT示病变呈偏心性或中心性的不同程度膨胀性骨质破坏,边界清楚,均有硬化边,未见软组织肿块。X线中,4例位于骨端关节面下偏心性生长,19例位于干骺端偏心性生长,6例位于骨干呈中心性生长,9例合并病理骨折。CT显示骨质破坏区为与肌肉密度相仿的软组织密度影,4例合并病理骨折,未见骨膜反应;MRI中病灶边缘均见低信号边,5例病灶信号较均匀,12例信号混杂不均合并囊变,T_2WI病灶内见斑片状及条片状低信号影,增强后肿瘤实性部分明显强化。结论原发长骨良性纤维组织细胞瘤影像表现具有一定特征性,综合分析临床资料及影像表现有助于提高术前诊断准确性。     

The thickness of facial alveolar bone overlying healthy maxillary anterior teeth

Background: A facial bone (<2 mm) overlying maxillary anterior teeth may be prone to resorptive processes after extraction and immediate implant placement. A thin bone contributes to risk of bone fenestration, dehiscence, and soft‐tissue recession. This study measures the distance between the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar bone crest and the thickness of facial alveolar bone at points 1 to 5 mm from the bone crest for the six maxillary anterior teeth. Methods : Sixty‐six tomographic scans (31 males and 35 females; aged 17 to 69 years; mean age: 39.9 years) of intact anterior maxilla were randomly selected and evaluated by two calibrated and independent examiners (MG and TP). Results: A high variation of CEJ–bone crest (0.8 to 7.2 mm) was detected. A significantly larger CEJ–bone crest was measured in smokers (P <0.05) and patients who were ≥50 years old (P <0.05). The average bone thickness at 3 mm from the CEJ for the maxillary right central incisor was 1.41 mm and for the maxillary left central incisor was 1.45 mm. For the maxillary right and left lateral incisors, the crestal bone thickness averaged 1.73 and 1.59 mm, respectively. For the maxillary right and left canines, the crestal bone thickness averaged 1.47 and 1.60 mm, respectively. Conclusions : The present study supports the finding of a predominantly thin facial bone overlying the six maxillary anterior teeth. Therefore, it is essential to make informed treatment decisions based on thorough site evaluation before immediate implant placement.     

成人颅下颌骨解剖测量分析

目的: 应用三维CT对成人颞下颌关节解剖学数据进行初步测量分析,为标准型全颞下颌关节假体研发提供依据。方法: 选取无颞下颌关节疾病的受试者400例,应用螺旋CT扫描头颅骨（层厚0.625 mm,Dicom格式）,利用Simplant Pro 11.04软件对颞下颌关节相关解剖结构进行三维重建并测量,应用SAS 8.02软件包进行统计学分析。结果: 在三维重建头颅上测得颧弓宽度、颧弓弯曲弧度、关节窝内外径、关节窝前后径、关节窝前后斜面角度、髁突内外径、髁突前后径、髁突前后斜面角度、髁突颈部宽度、下颌孔距下颌支后缘距离、下颌角距下牙槽神经距离等相关数据。结论: 颞下颌关节相关解剖数据的测量及分析结果,可为标准型全颞下颌关节假体的研发提供数据支持。     

脊髓损伤后骨代谢形态改变的髂骨形态计量学研究

目的:观察和分析脊髓损伤引起骨质疏松患者骨组织形态计量学(骨结构与骨转换)参数特征,进一步探明发生骨质疏松的机制.方法:选择脊髓损伤截瘫患者30(男19,女11)例;颈脊髓伤16例,胸脊髓损伤14例.伤后24 h内取髂骨标本设为对照组,伤后1,6,12 mo取髂骨标本设为实验组.每位患者均采用自制微创活检器于同一部位获取2 cm长的髂骨组织,进行骨组织形态计量学观察与分析.结果:实验组患者髂骨结构参数中骨小梁密度(Tb.N),骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th),结点末端比(NTR)均低于对照组(P＜0.05),而骨小梁间距(Tb.Sp)则高于对照组(P＜0.05);骨转换参数中平均类骨质宽度(Os.Th),类骨质体积(OV/BV),平均骨壁厚度(W.Th)均较对照组低,其中两组间比较骨壁厚度(W.Th)差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);骨吸收表面(ES/BS)则高于对照组.结论:脊髓损伤后患者由于神经功能缺失和废用因素,引起骨转换出现特异性改变,呈高转换率状态,骨形成与骨吸收严重失衡,导致髂骨代谢显微结构发生明显退变,骨组织力学性能下降,是发生骨质疏松的重要因素.     

Existing fixation modalities for Jones type fifth metatarsal fracture fixation pose high rates of complications and nonunion

Jones type fifth metatarsal fractures pose a challenge to the foot and ankle surgeon, given documented high nonunion rates as well as high complication rates including hardware prominence, nerve injury, and screw breakage for existing treatment modalities including screw and plantar plate fixation. We call for the design of innovative Jones-fracture specific implants which contour to the natural curve of the fifth metatarsal. Future research should aim to expand upon existing literature for Jones fracture fixation and evaluate efficacy of novel implants which are designed to address unacceptably high complication rates for existing treatment modalities.     

跖跗关节复合体损伤的诊治探讨

目的：探讨跖跗关节复合体（TJC）损伤的诊治方法。方法：2007年1月至2009年12月采用切开复位内固定治疗16例跖跗关节复合体损伤,男12例,女4例;年龄21～45岁,平均34.1岁,均为闭合性损伤。左侧7例,右侧9例,均为直接暴力所伤,其中交通伤4例,高处坠落伤5例,挤压伤7例。楔骨间脱位11例,舟楔关节脱位3例,骰骨骨折2例。跖跗关节损伤均为三柱损伤。根据手术探查和稳定性破坏情况,通常跗骨间关节,内侧、中间柱跖跗关节用螺钉固定,外侧柱用克氏针固定,对跖骨基底部粉碎性骨折和骰骨压缩性骨折等用跨关节微型钢板固定以达到解剖复位、有效固定。采用美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）中足评分标准从疼痛、功能、对线方面进行临床评估。结果：所有患者均获得随访,时间6～18个月,平均12.6个月。按AOFAS评分：疼痛为（29.3±5.9）分,功能为（32.4±5.6）分,对线为（12.9±2.6）分,总分为（74.6±10.4）分。所有切口均Ⅰ期愈合,未见皮肤坏死,感染,钢板螺钉松动、断裂等并发症。3例患者因后期出现骨性关节炎,疼痛明显,行走困难,Ⅱ期行关节融合术。4例患者影像学表现为骨性关节炎,但临床症状（疼痛）较轻,继续观察随访。结论：解剖复位有效稳定内固定是治疗跖跗关节复合体损伤的关键要素,Ⅰ期切开复位内固定有利于Ⅱ期融合手术。