玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合曲安奈德治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的meta分析

目的 评价玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合曲安奈德（IVR+IVT）与单用雷珠单抗（IVR）治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效和安全性差异。方法 检索数据库资源,包括PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国知网（CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）和万方数据,收集建库至2019年1月治疗方案为IVR+IVT与IVR治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的随机对照临床研究文献,纳入符合标准的文献,评价其质量,提取相关数据,采用RevMan 5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果 本研究共纳入4项RCTs文献,病例数215例,217眼。Meta分析结果提示,IVR+IVT组患者随访3个月时黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（CMT）优于IVR组,差异有统计学意义,随访1,2,4,5,6个月2组间CMT差异无统计学意义;4项研究最佳矫正视力（BCVA）治疗后较治疗前提高,其中2项研究随访1个月时差异有统计学意义,随访2,3,4,5,6个月差异无统计学意义;在不良反应发生率方面,IVR+IVT组眼压升高并发症风险明显高于IVR组;2组在发生皮质性白内障方面,差异无统计学意义;在注射次数上,IVR+IVT组较IVR组明显减少,差异有统计学意义。结论 IVR+IVT与IVR治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿均有效,在随访3个月降低CMT和随访1个月改善BCVA方面存在统计学差异。IVR+IVT治疗虽增加眼压升高风险,但注射次数较IVR减少,同时也减轻患者经济负担。临床医师可根据实际情况,酌情选取合适治疗手段。     

Effects of dance therapy on cognitive and mood symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the dance therapy was more beneficial than non-dance therapy on cognitive and mood symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsMEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to December 11, 2018. Risk of bias for the included trials was assessed using criteria in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.ResultsSeven randomized controlled trials were identified on cognitive and mood symptoms in patients with PD. There were significant differences in favor of dance in executive function (WMD = 1.17, 95% CI:0.39 to 1.95, P = 0.003; I² = 0%, P = 0.45), but not in outcomes of global cognitive function, depression and apathy.ConclusionsDance therapy is beneficial in improving executive function for adults with PD. However, there are no positive effects were founded on global cognitive function, depression and apathy for PD.     

PD-L1 expression and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with checkpoint inhibitors: A meta-analysis

ContextFive checkpoint inhibitors have been approved as 1st line (cisplatin-ineligible) or 2nd line therapies for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. As only about 30% of patients respond, the need for a biomarker for patient selection exists.ObjectiveTo determine if PD-L1 expression is a prognostic factor of objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with urothelial carcinoma being treated with checkpoint inhibitors.Evidence acquisitionA search of PubMed and major conference proceedings identified trials of PD-L1 inhibitors as first- or second-line therapies for metastatic bladder cancer. Odds ratios (OR) for ORR and OS compared PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative patients. Data were weighted and pooled in a meta-analysis, and subgroup analyses compared PD-L1 status cut-offs.Evidence synthesisTen studies comprising 2755 patients were identified, of which 2030 patients (74%) received immune checkpoint inhibitors. Eight studies were eligible for ORR analysis (1530 patients) and five studies for OS (829 patients). PD-L1 patients had a significantly higher ORR than PD-L1 negative patients (1.82, 95%CI 1.18–2.77; p = 0.007). Weighted mean OS was 11.5 months (range 8.7–15.9 months). PD-L1 status was not prognostic for 12 month OS (OR = 0.81, 95%CI 0.47–1.40; p = 0.45).ConclusionIn patients treated with PD-L1 inhibitors for metastatic urothelial carcinoma, PD-L1 status is prognostic for ORR but not OS. Our findings warrant additional investigation.Patient summaryFive immunotherapy drugs are approved for bladder cancer therapy. PD-L1 expression predicts higher ORR but not OS. More data is needed to identify the patient population most benefitted by immunotherapy.     

Electrochemotherapy for the palliative management of cutaneous metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundElectrochemotherapy combines electroporation in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents and is used to treat tumours in many localisations, including cutaneous metastases. The symptoms associated with cutaneous malignant wounds can be distressing for patients and their management is a challenge in healthcare.AimThe purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy in the context of palliative care.DesignAll aspects of the systematic review were followed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.Data sourcesThe following databases were searched for English-language reviews; Medline, Embase, CINAHL, British Nursing Index and the Cochrane Library. The search was conducted between the publication of Standard Operating Procedures in 2006 and the third week of October 2017. Studies involving oral cancers and studies with fewer than 10 patients were excluded. The selected studies were assessed for risk of bias and sub-group data were synthesised in a random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsFrom 425 studies, 29 studies were included involving 1503 patients, the pooled results were 46.6% for complete response and 82.2% for objective response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours. The meta-analysis indicated that small tumours were over twice as likely (2.25) to have a complete response than large.ConclusionsElectrochemotherapy is an effective, repeatable and minimally invasive intervention within the palliative population that can reduce symptom burden. This review is an update of previous systematic reviews by Mali et al. [1,2] and highlights the need for tailored treatment depending on each individual case.     

单臂试验连续型数据的贝叶斯Meta分析方法及实现

目的 介绍单臂试验连续型数据的Meta分析模型、贝叶斯方法及实现。方法 阐述正态-正态层次模型,基于该模型框架,以贝叶斯方法拟合随机效应模型,对效应参数μ和异质性参数τ分别选择不同的先验,使用R软件的bayesmeta包对两个文献数据重新分析。结果 在正态-正态层次模型框架下,基于不同的先验信息,贝叶斯Meta分析结果为:数据1参数μ的点估计及95%CI分别为-4.26(-6.97, -1.92)和-4.50(-9.27, -0.53),参数τ点估计及95%CI分别为1.51(0.41, 2.75)和2.28(0.00, 6.57);数据2参数μ的点估计及95%CI分别为-4.07(-5.54, -2.71)和-4.12(-5.96,-2.46),参数τ点估计及95%CI分别为1.54(0.78, 2.48)和1.81(0.74, 3.51)。结论 不同的先验可能影响参数估计值。基于NNHM框架下的贝叶斯方法适用于单臂试验连续型数据的Meta分析。Bayesmeta包以其简单、快速、准确、可重量性算法等可以用于实现贝叶斯随机效应模型Meta分析。     

甲氧氯普胺与恩丹西酮对化疗或术后恶心呕吐的疗效和安全性荟萃分析

目的　对甲氧氯普胺与恩丹西酮预防化疗 /术后恶心、呕吐的有效性和安全性进行系统性评价。方法　系统检索Medline 196 6～ 2 0 0 2年数据库和中国生物医学文献光盘数据库 (CBMdisc) 1978～ 2 0 0 2年文献。根据纳入标准和排除标准筛选文献 ,由 2名评价者各自独立地对入选文献中有关试验设计、研究对象的特征、研究结果等内容进行摘录和质量评价 ,并对各研究结果进行异质性检验和数据合并。结果　共收集 33篇合格随机临床对照试验报告 ,评分在 6 5～ 95分之间 ,其中优质文献 (≥ 85分 )19篇。甲氧氯普胺治疗恶心、呕吐的近期 (用药时程为 1d和 3d)有效率明显不如恩丹西酮 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,远期 (用药时程为 3d以上 )有效率差别不大。甲氧氯普胺引起锥体外系症状和腹痛、腹泻不良反应明显多于恩丹西酮 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。而引起便秘不良反应明显少于恩丹西酮 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。引起头痛不良反应与恩丹西酮相仿 ,差异无显著性 (P =0 .4 1)。当甲氧氯普胺的日均剂量小于 2 0mg时 ,未见锥体外系症状发生 ;当日均剂量超过 10 0mg时 ,其锥体外系症状发生率为 17.4 %。结论　甲氧氯普胺治疗恶心、呕吐的疗效较恩丹西酮差 ,但远期疗效比较接近。甲氧氯普胺引起锥体外系症状和腹     

Effects of dairy products consumption on inflammatory biomarkers among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AimsThis study aimed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of dairy consumption on inflammatory biomarkers in adults and to quantify these effects through meta-analysis.Data synthesisA comprehensive search of all relevant articles, published up to December 2019 indexed in PubMed, ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), EmBase, Scopus, and Google Scholar was done using relevant keywords. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of dairy products consumption, compared with low or no dairy intake, on inflammatory biomarkers in adults were included. Overall, 11 RCTs with 663 participants were included in this meta-analysis. We found that high consumption of dairy products, compared with low or no dairy intake, might significantly reduce CRP [weighed mean difference (WMD): −0.24 mg/L; 95% CI, −0.35, −0.14], TNF-α (WMD:- 0.66 pg/mL; 95% CI, −1.23, −0.09), IL-6 (WMD: −0.74 pg/mL; 95% CI, −1.36, −0.12), and MCP concentrations (WMD: −25.58 pg/mL; 95% CI, −50.31, −0.86). However, when the analyses were confined to cross-over trials, no such beneficial effects of dairy intake on inflammation were observed. In addition, high dairy intake might result in increased adiponectin levels (WMD: 2.42 μg/mL; 95% CI, 0.17, 4.66). No significant effect of dairy consumption on serum leptin (WMD: −0.32 ng/mL; 95% CI, −3.30, 2.65), ICAM-1 (WMD: −3.38 ng/ml; 95% CI, −15.57, 8.96) and VCAM-1 (WMD: 3.1 ng/mL; 95% CI, −21.38, 27.58) levels was observed.ConclusionsIn summary, the current meta-analysis indicated that dairy intake might improve several inflammatory biomarkers in adults. In most subgroups without heterogeneity, effects tended to be null. Study design and participants’ age were the main sources of heterogeneity. More research, with a particular focus on fat content of dairy foods, is recommended.     

提高国内随机对照试验Meta-分析的质量

高质量的随机对照试验(RCT)的Meta-分析结果与国际公认的大样本RCT结果一起被各国列为最高等级的证据,可为临床实践和卫生决策提供更真实的科学依据,引导临床医师在实践中做出正确的决策。但质量差的Meta-分析反而可能导致错误的结论。国外Meta-分析方法的应用已趋于成熟和规范。然而目前国内由于应用时间不长,且缺乏统一规范的实施标准,文献质量参差不齐,很多方面还存在着较为严重的缺陷。探讨如何提高国内RCTMeta-分析的质量,尽快与国际接轨,以便为循证医学、药学提供更科学真实的证据。以进行RCTMeta-分析的步骤为线索,对国内Meta-分析存在的问题和解决的办法进行了综述。具体内容包括:提出一个好问题(研究目的),全面收集相关的RCT,制定严格的纳入/排除标准,正确提取数据资料,对符合纳入标准的RCT进行质量评价,应用正确的统计方法,必须进行敏感性分析,根据结果做出正确、全面的结论。一篇理想的RCTMeta-分析应当纳入当前所有的高质量的同质研究,无发表偏倚,使用正确的模型和统计学方法,并对结果做出全面的论述。也就是说只有尽量满足进行Meta-分析每一步所需的条件,才能逐步提高Meta-分析的质量,使得其结论更加科学,可靠。     

补阳还五汤治疗中风的系统综述/Meta分析的方法学质量评价

目的:评价补阳还五汤对比其他干预方法治疗中风的系统综述/Meta分析的方法学质量。方法:检索中国生物医学期刊网,维普,万方,中国知网,Cochrane图书馆数据库,纳入补阳还五汤对比其他干预方法治疗中风的系统综述/Meta分析的文献,检索时限截至2015年5月。采用Oxman-Guyatt Overview Assessment Questionnaire(OQAQ)量表对纳入文献进行评价。结果:共检索到92篇文献,最终纳入9篇文献,纳入的Meta分析主要存在以下问题:文献检索不全面、选择性偏倚控制不佳、原始文献方法学质量评价不标准、数据合并方法和前提准确性不高。原始文献实验设计存在以下缺陷:随机方法不明、没有开展分组隐蔽及盲法、没有报告意向性分析和不良反应事件、控制玷污或联合干扰描述不详细等。结论:近年来国内外补阳还五汤治疗中风的系统评价/Meta分析的文献逐渐增多,但能够达到高质量的系统评价/Meta分析较少,需进一步提高方法学水平和规范实验设计。