Crystalloid inclusions in brain macrophages and hemopoietic tissue in GFAP-IL3 mice resemble inclusions identified in multiple sclerosis

Crystalloid inclusions or "pole bodies" observed in brain macrophages in human demyelinating disease represent a morphological enigma. Similar inclusions were detected in brain macrophages from the GFAP-IL3 mouse, a transgenic murine model for macrophage mediated demyelination. Mice also showed inclusions in hematopoietic tissue. They appear to be related to phagocytosis and secretion, respectively, as evidenced by the fact that in phagocytosing cells they often merged with lysozomes and that affected cells showed empty channels open to the interstitium. Based on ultrastructural and immunolocalization studies using chaperonin-10, lysozyme, and cathepsin the authors suggest that these inclusions are consistent with phagocytosis-related secretory products. This study may provide insight into the nature and significance of similar macrophage inclusions recently identified in multiple sclerosis.     

IL-2基因修饰对巨噬细胞表型和抗原提呈功能的影响

目的：观察了白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）基因修饰的巨噬细胞ＩＬ－２动态分泌水平及对其表面分子的表达和抗原提呈能力变化的影响。方法：通过重组腺病毒介导,将ＩＬ－２基因转染至腹腔巨噬细胞,ＭＭＴ法检测其ＩＬ－２动态和分泌水平,ＦＡＣＳ检测巨噬细胞表型,混合淋巴细胞反应法（ＭＬＲ）测定巨噬细胞抗原提呈能力。结果：ＩＬ－２基因修饰４ｈ后巨噬细胞即可表达较高水平的ＩＬ－２,１８￣４８ｈ之间的ＩＬ－２分泌处于高峰     

Macrophages from disease resistant B2 haplotype chickens activate T lymphocytes more effectively than macrophages from disease susceptible B19 birds

Resistance to respiratory pathogens, including coronavirus-induced infection and clinical illness in chickens has been correlated with the B (MHC) complex and differential ex vivo macrophage responses. In the current study, in vitro T lymphocyte activation measured by IFNγ release was significantly higher in B2 versus B19 haplotypes. AIV infection of macrophages was required to activate T lymphocytes and prior in vivo exposure of chickens to NP AIV plasmid enhanced responses to infected macrophages. This study suggests that the demonstrated T lymphocyte activation is in part due to antigen presentation by the macrophages as well as cytokine release by the infected macrophages, with B2 haplotypes showing stronger activation. These responses were present both in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. In contrast, T lymphocytes stimulated by ConA showed greater IFNγ release of B19 haplotype cells, further indicating the greater responses in B2 haplotypes to infection is due to macrophages, but not T cells. In summary, resistance of B2 haplotype chickens appears to be directly linked to a more vigorous innate immune response and the role macrophages play in activating adaptive immunity.     

B-1 cell decreases susceptibility to encephalitozoonosis in mice

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an opportunist intracellular pathogen of mammals. The adaptive immune response is essential to eliminate E. cuniculi, but evidence is mounting that the response initiated by the innate immune response may ultimately define whether or not the parasite can survive. B-1 cells may act as antigen-presenting cells or differentiate into phagocytes, playing different roles in many infection models. However, the role of these cells in the dynamics of Encephalitozoon sp. infections is still unknown. To investigate the role of B-1 cells in E. cuniculi infection, BALB/c and BALB/c XID (B-1 cells deficient) mice were infected with E. cuniculi spores. Cytometric analyses of peritoneal cells showed that B-1 cells and macrophages increased significantly in infected BALB/c mice compared to uninfected controls. Despite the increase in the number of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes in XID mice, these animals were more susceptible to infection as evidenced histologically with more prominent inflammatory lesions and parasite burden. Pro-inflammatory cytokines increased in both infected BALB/c and BALB/c XID mice. To confirm B-1 cells role in encephalitozoonosis, we adoptively transferred B-1 cells to BALB/c XID mice and this group showed few symptoms and microscopic lesions, associated with an increased in cytokines. Together, these results suggest that B-1 cells may increase the resistance of BALB/c mice to encephalitozoonosis, evidencing for the first time the important role of B-1 lymphocytes in the control of microsporidia infection.     

巨噬细胞移动抑制因子在前列腺癌中的表达及其临床意义探讨

目的:探讨前列腺癌巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)的表达及其临床意义。方法:采用ELISA法检测36例前列腺癌、32例良性前列腺增生(BPH)及20例健康成年男性的血清MIF水平,并做统计学分析。结果:MIF在前列腺癌组血清中的水平明显高于BPH组和正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清MIF水平与临床分期和Gleason评分明显相关(P>0.05)。结论:MIF在前列腺癌、侵袭过程中起着重要的作用,可能作为前列腺癌早期诊断和预测疾病进展的生物标记物之一。     

三种免疫抑制药对分化的巨噬细胞表型和功能的影响

目的 探讨3种免疫抑制药(雷帕霉素、环孢霉素A和紫杉醇)在骨髓前体细胞分化过程中对分化的巨噬细胞表型和功能的影响.方法 取60只C57BL/6小鼠颈椎脱臼致死,无菌操作制备骨髓前体细胞,在细胞培养体系中分别加入雷帕霉素(100μmol/L)、环孢霉素A(1mg/L)和紫杉醇(20μg/L)和巨噬细胞集落刺激因子,通过混...     

七氟醚可抑制氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导巨噬细胞M1型极化

目的 探究七氟醚通过JAK3/STAT5信号通路对氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low-density lipoprotein,Ox-LDL)诱导巨噬细胞M1型极化的影响.方法 酶联免疫法检测细胞培养液上清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(inte...     

单核-巨噬细胞的异质性及其对创面愈合的调控研究进展

单核吞噬细胞系统(MPS)主要由骨髓中单核细胞前体、外周血中的单核细胞、组织中的巨噬细胞和树突状细胞(DC)组成。其中,巨噬细胞和DC分布在机体的多个组织器官,发挥免疫监控和抵御病原体入侵的作用。然而,不同部位的这些细胞在组织形态和功能上存在一定差异,即使是同一器官中的巨噬细胞也不尽相同。皮肤中的单核-巨噬细胞主要包括表皮中的朗格汉斯细胞以及真皮中的巨噬细胞和真皮树突状细胞(dDC),它们共同参与调控创面愈合过程中的炎症反应、肉芽组织生成和组织重塑,达到促进创面愈合的作用。     

Spaceflight and simulated microgravity suppresses macrophage development via altered RAS/ERK/NFκB and metabolic pathways

Spaceflight-associated immune system weakening ultimately limits the ability of humans to expand their presence beyond the earth''s orbit. A mechanistic study of microgravity-regulated immune cell function is necessary to overcome this challenge. Here, we demonstrate that both spaceflight (real) and simulated microgravity significantly reduce macrophage differentiation, decrease macrophage quantity and functional polarization, and lead to metabolic reprogramming, as demonstrated by changes in gene expression profiles. Moreover, we identified RAS/ERK/NFκB as a major microgravity-regulated pathway. Exogenous ERK and NFκB activators significantly counteracted the effect of microgravity on macrophage differentiation. In addition, microgravity also affects the p53 pathway, which we verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Collectively, our data reveal a new mechanism for the effects of microgravity on macrophage development and provide potential molecular targets for the prevention or treatment of macrophage differentiation deficiency in spaceflight.     

肿瘤抗原冲击致敏的IL-2基因修饰的巨噬细胞治疗肾癌的实验研究

目的 :观察体外肿瘤抗原冲击致敏的白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )基因修饰的巨噬细胞对肾癌小鼠的治疗效果并探讨其相关的免疫机理。方法 :通过重组腺病毒的介导 ,将IL 2基因转入新鲜分离的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ,经肿瘤抗原冲击致敏后回输治疗原位肾癌小鼠 ,采用 4h5 1 Cr释放法检测脾脏NK和CTL活性。结果 :IL 2基因修饰的巨噬细胞经肿瘤抗原冲击后体内回输可使肾癌小鼠肺转移结节明显减少 ,存活期明显延长 ,40 %肾癌小鼠达到长期存活。治疗后荷瘤小鼠脾脏NK和CTL活性显著提高。结论 :IL 2基因修饰的巨噬细胞经肿瘤抗原冲击后自体回输是治疗肾癌的有效方法。