Limiting breast surgery to the proper minimum

Clinical experience has resulted in the identification of a relatively small number of absolute contraindications to breast-conserving therapy (BCT). These contraindications are readily identified by a clinical evaluation and diagnostic mammography. Local failure rates of less than 10% at 10 years support the idea that patients can be reliably selected for BCT with standard clinical modalities. The availability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has raised questions about its role in patient selection for BCT. MR imaging identifies additional cancer in 10-54% of patients with apparently localized disease, resulting in mastectomies that would not otherwise have been done. Clinical experience suggests that the majority of this disease is controlled by radiotherapy. Studies demonstrating clinical benefit in terms of decreased rates of local recurrence or fewer surgeries are needed before MR is used for routine selection of patients for BCT.     

Intraoperative digital specimen mammography: prompt image review speeds surgery

Specimen mammograms are often a time-consuming event for image-guided surgery. The use of an intraoperative imaging device may improve the speed of surgery, but comparison must be made to ensure accuracy is maintained. One hundred fifty consecutive image localized patients underwent both intraoperative digital specimen mammogram (in the operating room) and standard specimen mammogram (in radiology). Intraoperative mammograms as read by breast surgeons were as accurate as standard films while saving an average of 19 minutes per operative procedure. Intraoperative digital specimen mammograms can accurately identify target lesions while saving operating room time.     

A pilot multi-institutional study to evaluate the accuracy of a supine MRI based guidance system,the Breast Cancer Locator™, in patients with palpable breast cancer

BackgroundEvaluate whether the Breast Cancer Locator™ (BCL), a novel guidance system based on supine MRI images, can be safely and effectively deployed by several surgeons at multiple sites.MethodsPatients with palpable breast cancer underwent supine MRI at their local institution. A three dimensional (3D) digital image of the tumor in the breast was derived from supine MRI images and used to generate 1) an interactive 3D virtual image of the tumor in the breast (Visualizer) and 2) a plastic bra-like form that allowed the surgeon to place a central wire and bracketing wires in the breast (BCL). The primary objective was to determine the proportion of patients who had the central localization wire deployed within the cancer on specimen mammogram.ResultsFourteen patients were enrolled at 4 different sites by 6 surgeons. BCLs were successfully manufactured for all patients. The central wire was deployed within the tumor on specimen mammogram in 12 of the 13 patients who had a central wire placed (92%). The cancer was excised with negative margins in 14/14 cases (100%). No adverse events occurred.ConclusionsSupine MRI image acquisition was accomplished successfully across multiple sites. Multiple surgeons utilized the BCL system to localize cancers accurately and safely.     

Results of shared learning of a new magnetic seed localisation device – A UK iBRA-NET breast cancer localisation study

IntroductionShared learning is imperative in the assessment and safe implementation of new healthcare interventions. Magnetic seeds (Magseed®) potentially offer logistical benefit over wire localisation for non-palpable breast lesions but few data exist on outcomes comparing these techniques. A national registration study (iBRA-NET) was conducted to collate device outcomes. In order to share learning, thematic analysis was conducted to ascertain early clinical experiences of Magseed® and wire guided localisation and explore how learning events may be applied to improve clinical outcomes.MethodsA qualitative study of 27 oncoplastic surgeons, radiologists and physicians was conducted in January 2020 to ascertain the feasibility and challenges associated with Magseed® versus wire breast localisation surgery. Four focus groups were asked to discuss experiences, concerns and shared learning outcomes which were tabulated and analysed thematically.ResultsThree key themes were identified comparing Magseed® and wire localisation of breast lesions relating to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative learning outcomes. Percutaneous Magseed® detection, instrument interference and potential seed or wire dislodgement were the most common issues identified. Clinician experience suggested Magseed® index lesion identification was non-inferior to wire placement and improved the patient pathway in terms of scheduling and multi-site insertion.ConclusionsProspective shared learning suggested Magseed® offered additional non-clinical benefits over wire localisation, improving the efficiency of the patient pathway. Recommendations for improving breast localisation technique, appropriate patient selection and clinical practice through shared learning are discussed that may aid other surgeons in the adoption of this relatively new technique.     

Cytologic evaluation of lumpectomy margins in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ: Clinical outcome

Backround: Breast conservation therapy is controversial for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) due to recently reported high recurrence rates. We believe that cytologic evaluation of lumpectomy margins improves efficiency and leads to a lower recurrence rate following lumpectomy for DCIS. Methods: A prospectively accrued database of 1255 breast cancer patients at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute was found to have 218 patients with DCIS (17.4%). Of those 218 cases, 114 were treated with lumpectomy, axillary dissection, and radiation therapy; the remaining 104 patients were treated with mastectomy with or without reconstruction. Imprint cytology was used to evaluate all lumpectomy margins. Permanent sections and imprint cytology were reviewed by the same pathologist. Results: All lumpectomy specimens (116 tumors in 114 patients) were evaluated. The median follow up was 57.5 months (range 2–110 months). One hundred and three patients with 104 tumors were selected on the basis of pure DCIS (with or without microinvasion), and treated with lumpectomy, axillary dissection and radiation therapy. Of the 104 tumors utilizing attempted breast conservation therapy, 7 (6.6%) required mastectomy. There were 6 recurrences (6.1%) with a median time for recurrence of 47.5 months (range 27–85 months); four recurrences were comedo and two were noncomedo at original diagnosis. Conclusions: The determination of lumpectomy margins in DCIS patients using imprint cytology leads to an overall recurrence rate of 6.1% with reduction in operative time, and re-excision rate. Significant recurrence rates were associated with microinvasion and multifocal tumors (28%) versus simple DCIS at 5 years. Breast conservation therapy and surgical margin determination with imprint cytology for DCIS is a cost-effective and reliable method of treatment for simple DCIS.     

影响乳腺癌保乳术后乳房外形的因素分析

目的：分析影响乳腺癌保乳术后乳房美容效果的因素，减少乳腺癌综合保乳治疗后乳房外形的不利影响。方法：回顾近10年 来116例女性乳腺癌保乳手术治疗患者的临床资料，对手术切口、切除范围、创腔处理、术后放疗及患者自身等诸多因素与术后乳房 外形的关系加以分析。结果：本组患者112例得到随访，失访4例，随访率96． 55%；随访时间1～84个月，中位随访时间49个月。按 照国家“十五”攻关课题“早期乳腺癌规范化保乳综合治疗的临床研究”采用的乳房美容评定标准进行评价，112例中符合优良标准的 有99例，占88． 3%；不满意者13例，占11． 7%。结论：将肿瘤切除和腋窝清扫分别做切口的乳房美容效果优于作1切口，肿瘤切除时 要保证切缘阴性，过大范围的乳腺切除不仅影响术后美观，也无助于提高疗效；强行拉拢缝合创腔内腺体会明显影响乳房外形及乳头 位置；过大剂量的全乳照射也会影响乳房美容。     

Interest in cavity shaving in breast conservative treatment does not depend on lumpectomy technique

In breast conserving surgery (BCS), the usefulness to perform systematic cavity shaving is actively debated. Some investigators argued that systematic cavity shaving could avoid surgical re-excision and make diagnosis of unexpected multifocality. Others argued that usefulness of cavity shaving depends on volumes of resection.In this study one hundred patients undergoing BCS with systematic cavity shaving were included. Margins less than 3 mm were considered to be insufficient. We tested clinico-pathological characteristics in order to identify predictive model of cavity margin shaving utility and we sought to determine if cavity margin shaving usefulness depends on volumes of resection. We showed that cavity shaving avoids the need for re-excision in 24% of cases as well as diagnosis of multifocality in 6% of cases. However, the clinical usefulness of cavity shaving was not related to the volumes of resection.     

保乳术后放疗四维CT呼气末术腔勾画影响因素分析

目的 基于四维CT (4DCT)探讨CT层厚、术腔可见度评分(CVS)及金属夹个数对保乳术后术腔(LC)勾画的影响。方法 术腔放置金属夹数目≥5个的35例保乳术后患者入组行4DCT扫描,全部患者均于T₅₀时相图像上勾画LC。分别依据CT层厚、CVS及金属夹个数对患者进行分组,评价不同组间勾画者间及勾画者自身LC差异(Δ_inter和Δ_intra)及LC间相似度(DSC)。     

不同浓度舒芬太尼复合七氟醚全麻用于乳腺肿块切除术的临床观察

目的:观察不同浓度舒芬太尼复合七氟醚吸入全麻用于乳腺肿块切除手术的麻醉效果。方法:选择择期在全麻下行乳腺肿块切除术的患者60例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,18-60岁,随机分为A、B、C组,各20例。诱导时均给予舒芬太尼0.3μg·kg-1,术中分别持续输注舒芬太尼0.2、0.3、0.4μg·kg-1·h-1,复合吸入七氟醚-氧气,根据血流动力学调整七氟醚浓度。记录喉罩插入时及术中的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)变化、脑电双频指数(BIS);术毕记录自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间、术后镇痛药使用情况及不良反应。结果:与B组比较,A组血压升高者较多,C组发生低血压、需要药物支持者较多。持续输注舒芬太尼0.4μg·kg-1·h-1可明显延迟自主呼吸恢复。结论:静脉输注舒芬太尼0.3μg·kg-1·h-1复合七氟醚吸入应用于乳腺肿块切除手术,麻醉效果好,不良反应少,适合在临床推广应用。