雌激素受体在肝癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究雌性激素受体(ER)在肝癌组织中的表达和其临床价值。方法采用免疫组化法对59例肝癌患者肝肿瘤组织中雌激素受体(ER)表达情况进行研究。结果 59例肝癌患者ER表达阳性率为72.9%。22～36岁的肝癌患者ER表达阳性率为72.22%(13/18),37～52岁的患者表达阳性率为75.01%(15/20),53～67岁的患者的阳性率为71.42%(15/21);直径≤5 cm的肝癌中ER表达阳性率为33.33%(6/18),直径大于5 cm的癌组织阳性率为90.24%(37/41);分化程度为EdmondsonⅠ级的肝癌组织中表达阳性率为96.97%(32/33),Ⅱ级的阳性率为55.56%(10/18),Ⅲ级阳性率为12.5%(1/8)。年龄组间表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而不同大小肿瘤和不同分化程度组间表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论原发性肝细胞癌具有一定的雌激素依赖性,肝癌发生、发展及预后与肝癌组织中ER表达有关。     

Comparing the expression of integrins αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, αvβ8, fibronectin and fibrinogen in human brain metastases and their corresponding primary tumors

Aims: To evaluate the expression of αv-series integrins in brain metastases. Inhibitors targeting these integrins are being tested for their therapeutic potential. Material and Method: The extracellular regions of the αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, αvβ8, the cytoplasmic domain of β3, the αv-chain, and the ECM molecules fibronectin and fibrinogen were studied immunohistochemically in a series of 122 carcinoma and 60 melanomas metastatic to the central nervous system. In addition, 38 matched primary and metastatic tumors to the brain were compared directly. Results: The αv-subunit was generally moderately to highly expressed in most tumors. αvβ3 and cytoplasmic β3 were weakly to moderately detectable in metastatic renal cell carcinomas and melanomas, αvβ5 was prominently expressed in metastatic renal and colorectal carcinomas, αvβ6 was most abundantly detectable in metastatic lung adenocarcinomas, but absent in melanomas. The tumor associated vessels in CNS metastases consistently expressed αvβ3, αvβ5, αv-, fibronectin and fibrinogen, however, mostly at low levels, while αvβ6, αvβ8 were lacking in vasculature. The comparative analysis of 38 matched primary tumors and brain metastases showed comparable levels of expression only for αvβ3 and αvβ8, while αvβ6 and αvβ5 were higher in primaries. Conclusion: We confirmed that integrin expression exhibits considerable heterogeneity according to tumor origin. αvβ5 is the most promising target for integrin targeted treatment in brain metastases.     

Pleural Empyema as a Late Complication of Liver Cystectomy for Hydatid Cyst

Cystectomy without capitonnage is a widely used surgical technique for liver hydatid disease. A residual cavity can be left during the procedure, which can turn into an abscess. We report the case of a patient who developed right pleural empyema as a late complication of this procedure. She was successfully managed with antibiotics and a right thoracotomy.     

Bilateral Lower Limb Edema Caused by Compression of the Retrohepatic Inferior Vena Cava by a Giant Hepatic Hemangioma

Hemangiomas are the most common benign primary tumors of the liver and their prevalence ranges from 0.4% to 20%. Approximately 85% of hemangiomas are clinically asymptomatic and are incidentally detected in imaging studies performed for other causes. In a very small minority of patients, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, distension, palpable mass, obstructive jaundice, bleeding, and signs and symptoms of Budd-Chiari syndrome may develop due to compression of bile duct, hepatic vein, portal vein, and adjacent organs. Occasionally, external compression of inferior vena cava may lead to edema and/or indirect symptoms such as deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. In this report, we present a case of giant hepatic hemangioma that completely filled the right lobe of the liver. The patient presented with bilateral lower limb edema and pain. A computed tomography scan detected a 9 × 11 × 12 cm mass indicative of a hemangioma in the right lobe of the liver that compressed the inferior vena cava. The patient refused treatment initially but returned 6 months later presenting with the same symptoms. At that time, the mass had increased in size and a hepatectomy was performed, preserving the middle hepatic vein. By postoperative month 13, the swelling in the lower extremities had decreased significantly and the inferior vena cava appeared normal.     

Factors influencing jaundice-free survival with the native liver in post-portoenterostomy biliary atresia patients: Results from a single institution

Purpose

We reviewed post-portoenterostomy (PE) biliary atresia (BA) patients who became “jaundice-free” (JF; total bilirubin (T-bil) ≤ 1.2 mg/dL) to determine factors associated with survival with the native liver (SNL).

Methods

We reviewed 76 BA patients treated by PE at our institute between 1989, when liver transplantation (LTx) became available in Japan, and 2012, prospectively. Of these, 60 who became JF and remained JF were divided into two groups, SNL (n = 44) and LTx (n = 16). Age and weight at PE, pre- and post-PE T-bil, AST, γ-GT, time taken to become JF, corticosteroid requirements, incidence of cholangitis, and micro-bile duct size were compared between the two groups.

Results

The SNL patients became JF significantly earlier: 58 vs. 115 days (p < .05). Corticosteroid requirement, cholangitis, and postoperative AST/γ-GT were significantly lower in the SNL patients (p < .05). SNL was significantly higher if patients became JF ≤ 60 days post-PE (p < .01). LTx was performed from 0.5 to 11 years post-PE (mean = 3.4). All patients who had cholangitis within 3 months of PE eventually required LTx (p < .05).

Conclusions

Becoming JF ≤ 60 days post-PE would appear to be a factor associated with SNL, while cholangitis within 3 months of PE would appear to be associated with LTx. Elevation of AST and γ-GT would also appear to be early indicators of risk for LTx during follow-up of JF patients after successful PE.     

肝硬化患者肠道微生态的初步研究

目的 了解肝硬化患者粪便中的类杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌、大肠杆菌、直肠真杆菌-球形梭菌、梭状芽胞杆菌情况,比较肝硬化患者与健康对照组之间肠道微生态的差异. 方法 收集2010年3月至12月遵义市第一人民医院消化科收治的肝硬化患者29例,并以13名健康在校大学生作对照,收集粪便标本测量其pH值、细菌比浊度并在玻片上行荧光原位杂交,用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对细菌进行计数观察.比较肝硬化患者及健康对照者的粪便pH值、细菌比浊度及不同细菌计数差异,比较不同病因(肝炎性、酒精性和非酒精性)及肝硬化程度(Child-Pugh分级)患者间的细菌计数差异.独立样本t检验或非参数检验Kruskal-Wallis法进行统计学分析. 结果 肝硬化组患者粪便pH值高于健康对照组(6.79±0.64比6.18±0.74,t=2.607,P＜ 0.05),细菌比浊度与健康对照间的差异无统计学意义(1.15±0.59比1.39±1.01,t=0.960,P＞0.05).肝硬化患者粪便中双歧杆菌、类杆菌、真杆菌-直肠梭菌、肠球菌、大肠杆菌、梭状芽胞杆菌均较健康对照组明显减少(每个视野中细菌个数的中位数分别为32.14个比289.67个、17.09个比128.38个、21.91个比91.48个、25.78个比175.92个、13.11个比80.18个和34.68个比173.84个,Z值分别为-4.006、-4.34、-4.399、-4.174、-3.558和-3.95,P值均＜ 0.01).细菌数量的这种改变在肝硬化不同病因及严重程度患者间无明显差异(P值均＞0.05).结论 肝硬化患者肠道中类杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌、大肠杆菌、直肠真杆菌-球形梭菌、梭状芽胞杆菌数量减少,并致肠腔pH升高;但肠道微生态的变化在肝硬化不同病因及严重程度患者间无明显差异.     

抗菌药物在肝衰竭治疗中的合理应用

肝衰竭极易并发细菌感染,细菌感染往往又会进一步加重肝衰竭,使病情恶化,严重影响患者的预后,因此,抗感染治疗是肝衰竭救治的重要环节之一[1].由于肝衰竭患者肝脏功能本身和并发细菌感染的特殊性,决定了其抗菌药物使用的复杂性和困难性.如何合理应用抗菌药物,是当前临床上迫切需要解决的问题.     

Knockdown of liver-intestine cadherin decreases BGC823 cell invasiveness and metastasis in vivo

AIM: To assess BGC823 gastric cancer (GC) cell metastasis after knockdown of liver-intestine cadherin (CDH17) and the therapeutic value of CDH17-RNAi-lentivirus in vivo.METHODS: We evaluated primary tumor growth and assessed local infiltration and systemic tumor dissemination using an orthotopic implantation technique. The therapeutic value of CDH17 knockdown was examined by intratumoral administration of CDH17-RNA interference (RNAi)-lentivirus in an established GC tumor xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, a comparative proteomic approach was utilized to identify differentially expressed proteins in BGC823 and lenti-CDH17-miR-neg cells following CDH17 knockdown.RESULTS: Metastases in the liver and lung appeared earlier and more frequently in animals with tumors derived from BGC823 or lenti-CDH17-miR-neg cells than in tumors derived from lenti-CDH17-miR-B cells. Average tumor weight and volume in the CDH17-RNAi-lentivirus-treated group were significantly lower than those in the control group (tumor volume: 0.89 ± 0.04 cm³ vs 1.16 ± 0.06 cm³, P < 0.05; tumor weight: 1.15 ± 0.58 g vs 2.09 ± 0.08 g, P < 0.05). Fifteen differentially expressed proteins were identified after CDH17 silencing in BGC823 cells, including a variety of cytoskeletal and chaperone proteins as well as proteins involved in metabolism, immunity/defense, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle, and signal transduction.CONCLUSION: Our data establish a foundation for future studies of the comprehensive protein expression patterns and effects of CDH17 in GC.