局部进展期胃上部癌的腹腔镜淋巴结清扫策略与应用前景

局部进展期胃上部癌行腹腔镜根治性手术必须遵循与开腹手术相同的淋巴结清扫范围。按从下至上程序化的步骤进行淋巴结清扫,不仅能使手术进程更加顺畅,而且能达到“整块切除”的要求。脾门区淋巴结清扫是腹腔镜局部进展期胃上部癌D2根治术的难点,选择正确的手术入路、熟识脾门区血管解剖类型以及整个手术团队的默契配合有助于缩短该术式的学习曲线。尽管目前对于局部进展期胃上部癌进行腹腔镜淋巴结清扫术仍处于探索性开展阶段,但相信随着更多高级别循证学证据的出现,其有望成为治疗局部进展期胃上部癌的标准清扫术式之一。     

指侧方静脉动脉化再植末节断指

目的：探讨指侧方静脉动脉化再植末节断指的疗效。方法2007年3月至2012年4月,收治末节断指患者34例,均在正常指动脉多次吻合失败后行静脉动脉化。20例采用指侧方静脉动脉化再植,将近端指动脉与远端指侧方静脉吻合（A组）;14例采用指腹静脉动脉化再植,用近端指动脉与远端指腹静脉吻合（B组）。结果 A组患者末节断指全部成活,创面均Ⅰ期愈合;B组中有4例坏死。本组中有27例随访6～14个月（A组18例,B组9例）。 A组再植末节断指指腹饱满,指体无明显萎缩,B组指体轻度萎缩;A组指甲长度（15.6±2.7） mm,长于B组（11.9±2.2） mm;A组DIPJ活动度（62±4）°,大于B组（45±3）°;A组两点分辨觉（4.6±0.3） mm,小于B组（7.4±0.6） mm;A组再植断指感觉测定为S（3.49±0.33）,高于B组S（2.47±0.44）;手指各关节活动度参照TAM标准：A组优良率94.4%,B组优良率87.5%,两组优良率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.534）。结论指侧方静脉动脉化是正常供血失败后的末节断指再植的有效方法。     

Prognostic significance of lymph node yield after long‐course preoperative radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: a systematic review

Aim A literature review was performed to elucidate whether long‐course preoperative radiotherapy for patients with rectal cancer affects lymph node yield, and whether this influences prognosis. Method Cochrane Database, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase and CINAHL databases and reference lists from published journal articles published between 1 January 1990 and 30 June 2011 were searched. Studies examining lymph node yield and prognosis were selected for review. Results One thousand and twenty‐nine articles were found, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. None was a randomized controlled trial and all were cohort studies. Four studies showed that long‐course preoperative radiotherapy reduced lymph node yield; however only one demonstrated a statistically significant survival benefit in patients with higher lymph node yields. Five‐year survival was 48% in patients with fewer than and 69% in those with more than 11 lymph nodes identified in the operative specimen (P = 0.04). Conclusion Whilst long‐course preoperative radiotherapy appears to reduce lymph node yield in patients with rectal cancer, no causal relationship between lymph node yield and survival can be established in this group of patients.     

Evaluation of hip flexion strength following lateral lumbar interbody fusion

Background context

Lateral interbody fusion (LIF) is a minimally invasive procedure that is designed to achieve a solid interbody fusion while minimizing the damage to the surrounding soft tissue. Although short-term results have been promising, few data have been published to date regarding its risks and complication rate.

Purpose

The aim was to evaluate the extent of injury to the psoas muscle after the LIF procedure by measuring hip flexion strength.

Study design

A prospective case series was used in the study.

Method

Hip flexion strength was measured using a handheld digital dynamometer while the patient was seated on a chair; the examiner held the device against the patient’s attempt to flex the hip. Both sides were measured to compare the operated and nonoperated psoas muscles. Each side was measured three times and the average amount (in pounds) was recorded. Measurements were done before and after surgery on Day 2-3, at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and at 3 and 6 months.

Results

Thirty-three patients were recruited for this study. Mean preoperative hip flexion strength values were 20.7±3.47 lb and 21.3±4.31 lb for operated and nonoperated legs, respectively, with no significant difference (p=.85). With a mean of 11.2±2.24 lb postoperative measurements on Day 2, the operated side showed statistically significant reduction of strength (p=.0001). The nonoperated side was also weaker postoperatively, but not significantly (mean=19.12±1.74 lb; p=.097). From the first follow-up visit at 2 weeks, the values on the operated leg had returned to baseline values (20.6, p=.97) and were not significantly different from preoperative values on either side.

Discussion

Hip flexion was weakened immediately after the LIF procedure, which may be attributed to psoas muscle injury during the procedure. However, this damage was temporary, with almost complete return to baseline values by 2 weeks.     

进展期食管胃结合部腺癌根治性切除术后复发转移的危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响进展期食管胃结合部腺癌根治性切除术后复发转移的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2007年1月天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院行根治性切除术的385例食管胃结合部腺癌患者的临床资料.其中228例患者术后无复发转移(无复发转移组),157例患者出现复发转移(复发转移组).通过门诊或电话方式进行随访,了解患者生存情况,随访时间截至2012年9月.单因素及多因素分析探讨可能影响患者术后发生复发转移的危险因素.术后复发转移的单因素分析采用x2检验,再将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量纳入Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析;采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,生存分析采用Log-rank检验.结果 术后随访时间为3～ 108个月,中位随访时间为36个月.全组患者术后157例发生肿瘤复发转移,肿瘤平均复发时间为根治性切除术后17.9个月.单因素分析结果显示:大体分型、分化类型、浸润深度、阳性淋巴结数目、阴性淋巴结数目及TNM分期有统计学意义(x2=5.248,13.493,12.319,18.315,9.704,10.281,P＜0.05).多因素分析结果显示:分化类型、浸润深度、阳性淋巴结数目及阴性淋巴结数目是食管胃结合部腺癌根治性切除术后复发转移的独立危险因素(OR=1.805,1.809,1.520,0.763,P＜0.05).无复发转移组和复发转移组患者的阳性淋巴结数目分别为(3.86±0.28)枚和(6.89±0.58)枚,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.118,P＜0.05);无复发转移组和复发转移组患者的阴性淋巴结数目分别为(14.04±0.54)枚和(10.53±0.56)枚,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.386,P＜0.05).阳性淋巴结数目为0、1～2、3～6、≥7枚的患者5年生存率分别为46.4％、43.8％、27.1％、7.2％,中位生存时间分别为53、47、35、26个月,不同阳性淋巴结数目患者5年生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=54.783,P＜0.05);阴性淋巴结数目为＜9、10 ～15、≥16枚的患者5年生存率分别为22.1％、21.5％、45.5％,中位生存时间分别为28、34、47个月,不同阴性淋巴结数目患者5年生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=22.814,P＜0.05).结论 肿瘤的分化类型、浸润深度、阳性和阴性淋巴结数目是食管胃结合部腺癌根治性切除术后复发转移的独立危险因素,其中阳性和阴性淋巴结数目对患者预后的影响具有重要意义.     

Clinical analysis of risk factors of the patency of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery

Abstract

Many studies have provided anatomical statistics of the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) through its use as the pedicle of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps. However, most of the results from these studies were acquired during surgeries or from cadavers. Therefore, this study has studied the descending branch of LCFA in patients with underlying diseases or risk factors using lower extremity angiography, and how such risk factors and the degree of stenosis in other arteries affect the patency and stability of the descending branch. The subjects of retrospective study were 89 legs from 49 patients who had received lower extremity angiography. Risk factors included age, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, hyperlipidemia, cardiac status, carotid status, renal disease, pulmonary status, and history of lower limb amputation. Analysis of the degree of stenosis in the descending branch of LCFA in regard to each risk factor have shown that hypertension, pulmonary function, history of lower limb amputation, and the total score of 11 risk factors were statistically significant. Also, in the correlation study of lower limb arteries, there was a significant correlation with the degree of stenosis in the posterior tibial artery, but not so in others. Therefore, when planning a flap surgery using the descending branch of LCFA, one needs to run imaging tests such as angiography to check arterial patency in patients with hypertension, impaired pulmonary function, and history of lower limb amputation.     

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of female breast: A case report

INTRODUCTIONAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare neoplasm accounting for 0.1% of breast carcinomas.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 30 year old female patient presented with multiple lumps in the right breast. Excision biopsy of a lump in the lower outer quadrant revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma. A right sided modified radical mastectomy (MRM) was performed, with axillary clearance. Histopathology revealed a fibroadenoma accounting for one mass and adenoid cystic carcinoma in another, confirmed on Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Three out of the eight excised axillary lymph nodes contained malignancy. There was no evidence of recurrence or distant spread at follow-up 6 months postoperatively.DISCUSSIONACC of the breast is a rare neoplasm accounting for 0.1% of breast carcinomas and is of special interest because of its favourable prognosis and distinctive histological appearance. This tumor occurs predominantly in women in their sixth decade and usually presents as a tender breast mass, often in the subareolar area though in our case it was not tender and presented as multiple lumps in the right breast. The diagnosis can be made on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), but in our case FNAC was inconclusive. We performed MRM with axillary clearance, and three out eight lymph nodes proved positive for malignancy.CONCLUSIONACC is a rare malignant neoplasm. Surgical treatment is the mainstay with little role for radiotherapy and chemotherapy according to the published literature.     

Sentinel node mapping in high risk endometrial cancer after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy with morcellation

INTRODUCTIONOccult endometrial cancer after supracervical hysterectomy is very uncommon. Even if optimal management of those rare cases is still unproven, to guide the need for further therapies, restaging should be recommended in this situation.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe report of a 60-year old woman with occult high risk endometrial cancer after supracervical hysterectomy with morcellation. We describe the feasibility of laparoscopic intraoperative sentinel node identification with cervical stump removing to restage the suspicious early stage high risk endometrial cancer.DISCUSSIONIn high risk endometrial cancer surgical restaging is important, considering that 10–35% of cases can present pelvic nodal metastasis. To reduce the treatment related morbidity maintaining the benefit of surgical staging, with a negative preoperative PET/CT, we performed a laparoscopic SN mapping with cervical stump removing.CONCLUSIONThis report highlight the fact that SN mapping with cervical injection is a feasible and safe technique also without the uterine corpus after supracervical hysterectomy with morcellation.     

Primary adenocarcinoma of the fourth portion of the duodenum: “A case report and literature review”

INTRODUCTIONPrimary adenocarcinoma of the 4th portion of the duodenum is reported less frequently than those other portions of the duodenum. Therefore, few reports discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of nausea and vomiting after a meal. Upper gastrointestinal examination and a duodenogram revealed a Type 2 tumor of the 4th portion of the duodenum, which was diagnosed as well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma by endoscopic biopsy. Partial resection of the duodenum and jejunum was performed on the basis of intraoperative evaluation of negative lymph node metastasis around the pancreas and proximal duodenum with no macroscopic invasion toward the pancreas and proximal duodenal margin. Her postoperative course was uneventful without any sign of recurrence 5 years later.DISCUSSIONPrimary adenocarcinoma in the 4th portion is relatively less common. It is not easy to diagnose this disease. Patients with primary duodenal adenocaricinoma, who are medically fit to undergo surgery, should be given the option of aggressive resection. Duodeno-cephalo-pancreatectomy remains the standard treatment for adenocarcinomas of the 1st and 2nd portion of the duodenum. Partial resection is the preferred surgical method for patients with adenocarcinoma of the 3rd and 4th portions of the duodenum.CONCLUSIONThis report describes a rare case of primary adenocarcinoma of the 4th portion of the duodenum, successfully treated by partial resection of the duodenum and jejunum. However, larger studies are required to clarify the indications for the preferred surgical method for this malignancy.