Basidiobolomycosis Following injection Injury

Summary: Basidiobolomycosis following intramuscular injection in a 6 year old female child is reported. Regional lymph nodes in the inguinal areas on both sides conforms to such findings in our previous cases, denoting that this infection is systemic. Simple oral potassium iodide (KI) has cured the disease without a relapse during follow up of nearly 3 years.
Zusammenfassung: Bei einem 6jährigen Mädchen entwickelte sich im Anschluß an eine intramuskuläre Injektion eine Basidiobolomykose. Ähnlich wie bei anderen Fäillen lag eine Beteiligung der regionalen Lymphknoten in beiden Leisten vor, wodurch eine systemische Ausbreitung angezeigt wird. Behandlung mit Kaliumjodid oral führte zur vollständigen Heilung ohne Rückfall bei dreijähriger Nachbeobachtungszeit.     

Intraspinal distribution and reaction in the grey matter with tetanus toxin of intracisternally injected anti-tetanus toxoid F (ab′)2 fragments

Anti-tetanus toxoid F(ab′)₂ fragments were purified using immune-affinity chromatography on tetanus toxoid-Sepharose. Fragments were labeled with¹²⁵I. Labeled or non-labeled fragments were injected into the intrathecal space of rats. The labeled fragments were found in the spinal cord outside but not inside neurons.Tetanus toxin was injected into a muscle and 36 h later labeled fragments were injected intracisternally. After another 24 h the label was elevated in the spinal cord half segments giving neural supply to the injected muscle and in these half-segments the label was concentrated around some α-motoneurons.[¹²⁵I]Tetanus toxin was injected into a muscle and at different times thereafter non-labeled fragments were injected intracisternally. The development of hindlimb rigidity but not the accumulation of [¹²⁵I]tetanus toxin in α-motoneurons was prevented by early intracisternal injection of fragments. Injection of fragments after the appearance of hindlimb rigidity did not revert the rigidity but prevented the further development of symptoms.It is concluded that an action of tetanus toxin inside α-motoneurons is of no importance for the development of motor symptoms in clinical tetanus. The data suggest that in order to evoke spinal symptoms of toxicity tetanus toxin has to reach interneurons by transneuronal migration. In the very early stages of clinical tetanus the intrathecal injection of fragments may be useful.     

Intracranial application of substances in the unrestrained, awake rat by pressure injection through glass micropipettes

A method is described which allows intracranial injection of drug solutions through glass micropipettes (tip diameter 15 micron) in the freely moving rat by use of air pressure. Compared with conventional injection methods through steel cannulae this method has the advantages of (1) minimal destruction of brain tissue, (2) precise injection of small volumes of solutions (1 nl to several microliters), (3) simultaneous recording of local EEG activity, and (4) usage of multipipette assemblies.     

Peptides with CCK-like activity administered intracranially elicit satiety in sheep

Cholecystokinin (CCK) peptides and receptors have been shown to be present in the brain as well as in gastrointestinal organs. While functions for peripheral CCK are well recognized, those for central CCK peptides are only now being investigated. We have shown previously that CCK-octapeptide (CCK-OP) is a very potent and specific suppressor of feeding when administered in the cerebral ventricles of sheep. In the present study the objective was to determine the relative potency of several CCK analogues in inhibiting feeding when administered as 75 min continuous injections into the lateral cerebral ventricles of 2-hr fasted sheep. In comparing feeding response during CCK-OP injections to that during caerulein injections, it was found that feed intakes were similar only at an equal molar dose (0.638 pmole/min); whereas three times as much CCK-33 (1.91 pmoles/min) as CCK-OP (0.638 pmoles/min) was required to produce similar feed intakes. Both caerulein (0.638 pmoles/min) and CCK-33 (1.91 pmoles/min) caused significant decreases in feeding compared to control (sCSF). Desulfated CCK-OP had no effect on feeding at a dose (0.638 pmoles/min) that causes 80–100% decreases in feeding when the C-7 tyrosine is sulfated. Feed intake was significantly less with 2.55 pmoles/min CCK-OP than with an equal dose of desulfated CCK-OP. These results concur with those of previous studies on specific CCK receptors in the pancreas and in the brain, and therefore support the concept of specific CCK receptors in brain having a role in satiety.     

Plasma angiotensin II levels and water intake following beta-adrenergic stimulation, hypovolemia, cellular dehydration and water deprivation.

A comparison of the effects of extracellular and intracellular thirst stimuli on plasma levels of angiotensin II was made in rats. The administration of polyethylene glycol and isoproterenol elicited a strong drinking response and resulted in a significant increase in plasma angiotensin II. There was a significant correlation between the volume of water intake and plasma angiotensin II levels following the injection of polyethylene glycol but not following isoproterenol. Drinking was also elicited by the administration of hypertonic saline but there was no increase in plasma angiotensin II. The results suggest that endogenously released angiotensin II contributes to extracellular thirst but not to intracellular thirst.     

Topographical analysis of the actions of 2-(N,N-dipropyl)amino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin to cause biting behaviour and locomotor hyperactivity from the striatum of the guinea-pig

The dopamine agonist, 2-(N,N-dipropyl)amino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin, was injected at 78 different locations within and around the striatum of the guinea-pig. Injection sites were selected at anterior 10.0, 8.0 and 6.0mm to the inter-aural line, ±2.5, ±3.5 and ±4.5 mm lateral from the midline and 1–10 mm below guide cannulae placed to penetrate 0.75 mm into the cerebral cortex. All animals were observed for the development of biting behaviour and hyperactivity. Four important distinctions could be made between the loci of tetralin action to induce biting and hyperactivity. The most striking distinction was the development of marked hyperactivity in the absence of any consistent biting at the most lateral placements (±4.5 mm) in the entire rostral-caudal plane. Secondly, within the lateral regions the dorsal locations were the more sensitive (in contrast to the more marked development of biting in the ventro-medial caudate) and, thirdly, even in those medial planes where the ventral locations sustained the most consistent biting, induction of hyperactivity was most marked from the more dorsal locations which failed to sustain a consistent biting. Fourthly, the most rostrally located injections, even at the medial sites, produced marked hyperactivity but only modest biting responses. Finally, it should be noted that both hyperaetivity and biting could be induced from extrastriatal sites, although the delayed onset may reflect the need for diffusion. This data would indicate a differential distribution of striatal sites capable of mediating biting and hyperactivity. Specific, but differential, blockade of these responses by the neuroleptic agents fluphenazine and tiapride (atropine, methysergide, dl-propranolol and piperoxan were ineffective) may indicate that dopamine mechanisms at the two sites may have differing characteristics.     

Foreign body reaction involving a Mantoux test site

A 41-year-old woman presented with a history of a solitary pustular erythematous lesion occurring at the site of a Mantoux test performed 10 months previously. The histopathology examination revealed a suppurative and foreign body giant cell reaction to numerous keratin flakes. Culture of the tissue was negative for both aerobic and anaerobic organisms including mycobacteria. We postulate that the reaction in our patient may have been secondary to the implantation of epidermal keratin or the entrapment of hair into the dermis during the intradermal injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative.     

Plasma cell cheilitis treated with intralesional injection of corticosteroids

Plasma cell cheilitis is an idiopathic, benign, inflammatory condition characterized by a dense band-like infiltrate of plasma cells in the oral mucosa. In addition to the lips, the disease can affect the penis, vulva, buccal mucosa, palate, gingiva, tongue, epiglottis, and larynx. Some authors have shown the effectiveness of topical or intralesional corticosteroids; however, there have been many reports describing poor therapeutic responses to topical steroids. We describe three patients with plasma cell cheilitis whose clinical condition responded rapidly to the intralesional injection of corticosteroids.     

Effects of coasting on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer cycles

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of 'coasting' on the outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (ICSI-ET). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: IVF Centre, Ozel Ege Tup Bebek Merkezi, Izmir, Turkey. SAMPLE: Twenty-six coasted and 52 non-coasted COH and ICSI-ET patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. METHODS: Coasted patients were enrolled consecutively during the study period, and two non-coasted controls were selected from our database for each coasted patient. Coasting was decided when serum oestradiol level was > or = 4000 pg/mL. Groups were compared using chi2 and Mann-Whitney U-tests for statistical analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of oocytes collected, metaphase II (MII) oocytes and cleaving embryos, the fertilisation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: Number of oocytes collected, number of MII oocytes, number of cleaving embryos, fertilisation rate and clinical pregnancy rate for the coasted and non-coasted groups were 15.5 +/- 5.2 and 14.0 +/- 7.1, 9.7 +/- 4.8 and 9.3 +/- 3.9, 6.8 +/- 3.9 and 5.8 +/- 3.1, 0.85 +/- 0.18 and 0.78 +/- 0.18, 13/26 and 24/52, respectively; these differences were not statistically significant. None of the patients in the coasted group were hospitalised for signs or findings of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Coasting does not adversely affect the number and the function of mature oocytes and the clinical pregnancy rate.