造血干细胞移植病人的心理护理干预

目的：探讨造血干细胞移植病人的心理护理干预,为日后的临床护理提供参考。方法随机选择2013年1月-2014年12月收治的80例造血干细胞移植病人为研究对象,随机分为两组,即观察组与对照组,每组患者40例。观察组患者实施优质心理护理干预,对照组患者实施常规心理护理干预,对比两组患者的心理护理干预情况。结果经过临床心理护理,观察组患者的心理护理效果明显优于对照组。观察组患者的SAS评分为（32.7±4.7）分,SDS评分为（34.9±6.3）分;对照组患者的SAS评分为（56.8±7.8）分,SDS评分为（57.9±6.7）分,两组患者比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者心理状况明显优于对照组,证明优质心理护理干预比较有效。结论对造血干细胞移植病人实施优质心理护理干预,可减少患者的负面情绪,促进患者心理上的稳定,帮助患者理性的对待疾病,树立康复的信心。     

健康教育对控制糖尿病前期进展作用的探讨

①目的探讨健康教育对控制糖尿病前期进展的作用。②方法选取我院健康体检中心确定为糖尿病前期人群150例,随机分为干预组和对照组各75例。干预组在门诊常规疾病健康知识指导的基础上,对患者进行日常行为干预模式,对照组采用门诊常规疾病健康知识指导。③结果干预组患者对糖尿病健康知识熟知情况明显优于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）;空腹血糖、餐后2h 血糖、糖化血红蛋白监测水平明显低于对照组（ P ＜0．01）。④结论日常行为干预模式强化患者对糖尿病基本知识的掌握,改善不良生活方式,有效控制血糖,遏制早期糖尿病的进展。     

390例小儿脑瘫高危因素分析及干预对策

目的 分析小儿脑瘫的相关高危因素,为早期干预提供依据.方法 对入选患儿家属发放脑瘫相关高危因素调查问卷,问卷包括患儿的年龄、性别、围生期因素、新生儿因素、母亲因素、父亲因素、孕期母亲居住环境和是否接触有害物质等内容,分析小儿脑瘫的相关因素.结果 高危因素的CP患儿占85.64%,其主要的高危因素依据其频率,排名前10位的依次是早产、出生低体质量、先兆流产、病理性黄疸、新生儿感染、新生儿ABO溶血、新生儿颅外伤及颅内出血、新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、母亲妊娠期感染、高血压、糖尿病等,具有2项、3项及以上高危因素叠加患儿分别有109例、152例,分别占总病例的27.95%、38.97%.结论 消除或减低脑瘫发生率的关键是围生期保健,预防先兆流产、早产和低体质量,及时有效预防或干预新生儿窒息等.     

The efficacy of interventions for low back pain in nurses: A systematic review

ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of interventions for the prevention and treatment of low back pain in nurses.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesThe review was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42015026941) and followed the PRISMA statement guidelines. A two phase approach was used. In phase one, all randomised controlled trials included in the systematic review of Dawson et al. (2007) which reviewed interventions for low back pain in nurses until 2004 were selected. In phase two, relevant randomised controlled trials and cluster randomised controlled trials published from 2004 until December 2015 were identified by an electronic search of nine databases (Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsycARTICLES, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PEDro, Scopus and MEDLINE). To be eligible, trials had to examine the efficacy of interventions either for the prevention or treatment of low back pain in nurses. Primary outcomes of interest were any measure of pain and/or disability.Review methodsThree reviewers independently assessed eligibility and two reviewers independently conducted a risk of bias assessment (Cochrane Back and Neck Group).ResultsFour studies were retrieved from phase one. In phase two, 15,628 titles and abstracts were scanned. From these, 150 full-text studies were retrieved and ten were eligible. Fourteen studies (four from phase one, ten from phase two) were eligible for risk of bias assessment. The included trials were highly heterogeneous, differing in pain and disability outcome measures, types of intervention, types of control group and follow-up durations. Only four of the included studies ( n= 644 subjects) had a low risk of bias (≥6/12). Manual handling training and stress management in isolation were not effective in nurses with and without low back pain (risk of bias, 7/12, n = 210); the addition of a stretching exercise intervention was better than only performing usual activities (risk of bias, 6/12, n = 127); combining manual handling training and back school was better than passive physiotherapy (risk of bias, 7/12, n = 124); and a multidimensional intervention (risk of bias, 7/12, n = 183) was not superior to a general exercise program in reducing low back pain in nurses.ConclusionsOnly four relevant low risk of bias randomised controlled trials were found. At present there is no strong evidence of efficacy for any intervention in preventing or treating low back pain in nurses. Additional high quality randomised controlled trials are required. It may be worth exploring the efficacy of more individualised multidimensional interventions for low back pain in the nursing population.     

应用循证护理对缓解期精神分裂症患者负性心理干预疗效观察

目的:应用循证护理对缓解期精神病患者的不良心理干预疗效观察。方法:选择83例住院精神分裂症康复期患者,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组患者实施常规康复期心理护理,观察组患者在此基础上加用循证护理。两组患者干预前后进行抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、UCLA孤独量表测定,所有数据用SPSS 10.0统计软件进行处理,用t检验比较两组患者干预前后的疗效。结果:两组患者的SDS、SAS、UCLA孤独量表等各项主要因子有显著差异(P<0.01或P<0.05),而对照组则变化不大(P>0.05),干预组患者的疗效显著。结论:循证护理对缓解期精神病患者的不良心理干预有较好的治疗作用。     

宁波市某高职院校结核病知晓率现状和干预效果分析

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常州市某高校教职工健康效用值的健康食堂干预效果评价

目的了解高校教职工的健康现状,评价开展以健康食堂为载体的营养健康促进模式的干预效果,为进一步向其他单位食堂推广提供科学依据。方法于2012年随机抽取常州市创建健康食堂的某高校的234名教职工为调查对象,采用社区人群功能测定量表(COOP/WONCA)进行一般情况和健康效用值的基线问卷调查;在开展以健康食堂为载体的营养健康促进1年后,再次对该校216名教职工进行一般情况和健康效用值的问卷调查;并通过干预前后调查结果的对比分析评价其干预效果。结果教职工的平均年龄、平均工龄、性别构成比、工作岗位构成比以及文化程度构成比干预前后差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后教职工的上一年度效用值整体情况(0.57±0.21)显著高于干预前(0.49±0.19),差异有统计学意义(P0.01);干预后教职工健康效用值的生理适应性(0.58±0.21)、情感(0.82±0.15)、日常活动(0.86±0.16)、社会活动(0.93±0.13)、健康变化(0.63±0.19)、整体健康(0.64±0.20)以及疼痛(0.84±0.18)等效用值指标均显著高于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在单位食堂开展健康食堂的创建是改善职工健康状况的有效手段。     

干预措施对ICU医院感染发病率的影响

目的 评价实施预防与控制干预措施对ICU医院感染发病率的影响。方法 采用前瞻性监测的方法 ,对本院2013年7月1日~2014年6月30日收住ICU的395例患者进行目标性监测。2014年1月开始实施预防与控制干预措施,将2013年7月1日~12月31日184例ICU患者目标性监测结果作为干预前,2014年1月1日~2014年6月30日211例ICU患者目标性监测结果作为干预后。比较干预前、后ICU医院感染发病率的变化。结果 干预前、后:ICU例次医院感染发病率由12.50%下降至6.16%,两者比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.77,P<0.05),调整例次感染发病率由3.75%下降至1.91%,次日感染发病率由19.67‰下降至12.54‰,呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)感染发病率由12.18‰下降至8.25‰,血管导管相关血流感染(CRBSI)发病率由5.81‰下降至0‰,泌尿道插管相关泌尿道感染(CAUTI)发病率由3.48‰下降至3.12‰。结论 持续开展ICU医院感染目标性监测,有针对性的制定ICU医院感染预防与控制干预措施并实施,能有效的降低ICU医院感染发病率。     

Low academic achievement as a predictor of test anxiety in secondary school students

ObjectivesThe present study had two objectives: 1) to examine the differences between students with different levels of academic achievement (low, average and high) in Anxiety/Depression and Test Anxiety; and 2) to test the predictive effect of academic achievement on test anxiety.MethodData were collected in two moments. In time 1, the sample was comprised of 305 students. The students were aged between 15 to 18 years, attending secondary school. The assessment protocol consisted of a Socio-demographic Data Sheet, the Youth Self-Report and the Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale.ResultsStudents with low academic achievement presented higher test anxiety than students with average and high academic achievement. Low academic achievement on time 1 predicted higher levels of test anxiety on time 2 when186 participants remained in the study.ConclusionResults suggest the importance of early psychological intervention with students with low academic achievement, and the relevance of promoting the development of skills that enable students to manage their test anxiety.