Matrix protein mediated shutdown of host cell metabolism limits vesicular stomatitis virus-induced interferon-alpha responses to plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Upon infection with many different viruses, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) produce large amounts of type I interferon (IFN-/β). To address why upon vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection pDC, but not conventional myeloid DC (mDC), are induced to produce IFN-, pDC and mDC were differentiated from bone marrow cells (BM-DC). Upon VSV infection BM-pDC produced IFN-, whereas BM-mDC did not. Notably, upon infection with VSV-M2, a VSV variant expressing a M51R mutant matrix (M) protein that showed a reduced sequestration of host cell metabolism, BM-pDC and BM-mDC mounted massive IFN- responses. Both DC subsets showed comparable RNA levels of retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and were able to respond upon triggering with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) analogs. Moreover, upon VSV-M2 infection IFN- production by both DC subsets was largely dependent on viral replication. Interestingly, upon virus infection BM-pDC, but not BM-mDC, up-regulated mRNA levels of nuclear export factors Nup96/98, probably reflecting cellular mechanisms to circumvent viral escape strategies. Collectively, these results indicated that cell types induced to produce IFN- upon viral infection are not primarily defined by cellular receptor configurations but rather by complex virus/host cell interactions.     

Early coping experience and later aversive conditioning in cats

Kittens were given differential early experience in order to compare an objective coping behavior with the result of an inescapable aversive experience. Separate groups of kittens were treated in a shock motivated runway task at either 4 or 12 weeks of age, by allowing one member of a weight matched sibling pair to acquire an escape behavior, while the other member was confined; a third subject served as a handled control. Escape behavior was significantly different for 4 and 12 week old subjects, since the older kittens reached a running asymptote within the first few shock trials. At 6 months of age, the subjects were tested for effects of differential early treatment; heart rate, respiration rate and amplitude, and somatic activity were measured during classical conditioning. While all groups gave evidence of acquisition in one or more response measures, only a potentiated heart rate response in 4 week kittens could be related to early experience. Heart rate did not differentiate escaping kittens from confined ones. Rather, heart rate was related to early treatment with shock, perhaps reflecting an increased tendency to react with a passive defensive response.     

放射性皮肤损伤机制的研究进展

皮肤是人体受到电离辐射时最先接触的器官,因其基底细胞层及毛细血管对射线很敏感,所以放射性皮肤损伤十分常见,急性放射性皮肤损伤常与表皮和真皮中的细胞改变和炎症有关,而皮肤的晚期损伤主要与辐射对血管影响有关。放射性皮肤损伤的临床表现为皮肤黏膜出现红斑、干性脱屑、湿性脱屑、溃疡,严重程度与射线种类、剂量等相关。目前,放射性皮肤损伤的潜在发生机制在很大程度上是未知的,辐射损伤后还未建立治疗的金标准,已知的放射性皮肤损伤的发生机制大致可分为3个途径：活性氧大量增加引发的氧化应激损伤、细胞因子被转录激活后引发的炎症、骨髓源性细胞引起的免疫反应。本文综述了放射性皮肤损伤发生机制的3大途径,为进一步研究放射性皮肤损伤的机制以及预防治疗提供参考。     

结构性营养护理对ICU脑卒中患者免疫功能、营养状况及神经功能的影响

目的：分析结构性营养护理用于重症监护室(ICU)脑卒中患者的效果。方法：选取在商丘市第一人民医院2020年1月至2020年12月诊治的140例ICU脑卒中患者,随机分成对照组、观察组,每组70例。对照组患者进行常规护理,观察组患者给予结构性营养干预,比较两组患者护理效果。结果：护理后,观察组患者美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);护理后,观察组患者总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白水平均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);护理后,观察组患者CD4⁺、CD8⁺、白细胞介素–6(IL–6)水平均低于对照组,CD4⁺/CD8⁺、白细胞介素–10(IL–10)水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);护理后,观察组患者日常饮食管理行为、饮食依从行为态度、遵医饮食行为、家属支持态度以及总分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论：对ICU脑卒中患者实施结构性的营养管理策略,能提高患者免疫功能...     

脾氨肽联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘的效果及对炎性因子、免疫功能的影响

目的探讨脾氨肽联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘的效果及对炎性因子、免疫功能的影响。方法选取2018年2月至2020年2月我院收治的支气管哮喘患儿84例,随机分为观察组和对照组各42例。对照组给予布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用脾氨肽治疗。比较两组的治疗效果、炎性因子及免疫功能。结果观察组治疗总有效率为95.24%,高于对照组的80.95%(P <0.05)。治疗1个月后,两组的hs-CRP、 IL-6、 IgE水平降低,且观察组的hs-CRP、 IL-6、IgE水平低于对照组(P <0.05);两组的CD4⁺、 CD8⁺水平升高,且观察组的CD4⁺、 CD8⁺水平高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论脾氨肽联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘效果显著,可显著降低患儿体内炎性因子,提升免疫功能。     

免疫增强剂对反复呼吸道感染患儿免疫指标的影响

目的　观察免疫增强剂对反复呼吸道感染 (RRTI)患儿免疫指标的影响。方法 :用琼脂单向扩散法和荧光法 ,检测了 10 0例RRTI患儿分别用乌体林斯注射液和转移因子口服液治疗前后免疫球蛋白含量和T细胞亚群百分数 ,并与正常对照组比较。结果 :RRTI组患儿免疫指标均非常显著低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,乌体林斯注射液含服治疗后IgG .IgM含量和CD3、CD4 、CD8百分数均有显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;转移因子口服液口服治疗后IgA .IgM含量和CD3、CD4 百分数均有显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　免疫功能降低是RRTI发病的重要因素 ,免疫增强剂对RRTI疗效佳。     

细胞间粘附分子—1^125I标记及其纯度、免疫活性的鉴定

目的：建立细胞间粘附分子－1（intracellular adhesion molecule-1 ICAM-1)^125I标记方法及鉴定其纯度和免疫活性。方法：用氯胺－T法标记ICAM－1,用Sephadex G-50柱层析分离,用纸层析法鉴定^125I-ICAM-1的纯度,放免法检测其免疫活性,结果：^125I-ICAM-1比活度为77．84uCi/ug蛋白,标记率为65．54％,^125I-Na的放化纯度为97．27％,^125I-ICAM-1能够与ICAM－1－Ab的最大结合为88．64％,并且随ICAM－1－Ab滴度的降低而增高。结论：成功建立^125I标记ICAM－1的方法,并且^125I-ICAM-1具有一定的免疫活性。     

氧化苦参碱对小鼠免疫性肝纤维化作用机制的研究

目的 研究氧化苦参碱对小鼠免疫性肝纤维化的作用机制。方法 将BABL/c 小鼠随机分成正常对照组、阳性对照组、氧化苦参碱小剂量、大剂量治疗组,阳性对照组和氧化苦参碱治疗组每周静脉注射1次刀豆蛋白A,共20周。氧化苦参碱治疗组分别腹腔注射氧化苦参碱30mg/kg、60mg/kg。共20周。分别于注射刀豆蛋白A后5、12和20周取血低温保存;并每次处死一批小鼠取肝脏组织液氮低温保存、常规HE染色、Van Gieson胶原纤维染色,冰冻切片CD4,CD8T淋巴细胞染色。图像分析系统定量分析肝纤维组织含量。结果 氧化苦参碱治疗组血清ALT含量及肝组织内炎症活动度、纤维含量均低于阳性对照组,而且呈剂量依赖性。结论 氧化苦参碱有减轻小鼠肝脏炎症活动度及抗小鼠免疫性肝纤维化的作用。     

心理因素的应激对GraVes癌患者免疫系统的影响

目的探讨社会心理因素的应激对Graves病患者的免疫系统的影响.方法采用定式问卷,统一指导语和填表方法及有关评定量表评分,并以放射免疫法,对40例患者测定IgG、IgA、IgM及C3、C4、IL-2、I1-6与40例正常健康者对照.结果病例组IgG、IgA及IL-6显著高于正常对照组,而C3、C4及IL-2显著低于对照组.患者的抑郁分与IgG、IgA及IL-6呈明显正相关,与IL-2呈显著负相关.结论因为IgA及IL-6是疾病的危险因子,C4及IL-2是疾病的保护因子,所以社会心理因素的应激可以通过Gra-ves病患者的免疫系统而影响疾病.     

葛根芩连汤及其合方治疗急性胃肠炎研究进展

急性胃肠炎指胃肠黏膜急性炎症,多表现为腹泻、腹痛、呕吐、发热等,甚者可出现脱水、电解质紊乱、休克等,危及生命。其发病机制尚不完全清楚,认为可能与感染、炎症、肠道菌群、黏膜屏障、免疫功能等有关。现代医学治疗胃肠炎虽能控制病情,但易致胃肠损伤,存在不良反应。中医在提高疗效,降低不良反应方面有着独特的优势。急性胃肠炎属中医“泄泻”“霍乱”范畴,其中湿热内蕴型为其典型病机之一。葛根芩连汤出自《伤寒论》,是张机治疗湿热下利的经典方剂,具有清热化湿、厚肠止利之效。通过文献梳理发现,该方治疗胃肠炎的机制主要与防止病原体侵害、减少炎症反应、调节肠道菌群、改善黏膜屏障、抑制胃肠运动、增强免疫功能等有关。结合胃肠炎的发病机制,对葛根芩连汤的临床应用、作用机制等方面进行综述,以期为其临床治疗胃肠炎提供新依据。