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81.
82.
A. Spannheimer U. Reitberger J. Clouth M. Lothgren 《The European journal of health economics》2003,4(2):85-89
We examined the number of days spent in hospital due to a relapse of schizophrenia and the associated costs for patients treated
with olanzapine or haloperidol. Twenty-one German psychiatric hospitals participated in this retrospective study. Data on
the last hospitalisation following a relapse of schizophrenia were documented for equal numbers of patients on olanzapine
and haloperidol. Matching for time since diagnosis and severity of symptoms was performed. Data were collected on 136 matched
pairs. Total length of time spent in hospital was the same on average for patients in both groups (median about 5 weeks),
but olanzapine patients spent nearly 1 week less in the in-patient setting than haloperidol patients, resulting in a saving
of Euro 411 per patient. Our findings are consistent with those of randomised clinical trials in concluding that olanzapine
is preferable to haloperidol in terms of the direct cost of treating schizophrenia.
Andrea Spannheimer Kendle GmbH & Co. GMI KG, Stefan-George-Ring 6, 81929 Munich, Germany, e-mail: spannheimer.andrea@kendle.com 相似文献
83.
Zusammenfassung. Viele Hygienema?nahmen in Operationsabteilungen sind durch wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen nicht belegt. Die in dieser Arbeit
vom Nationalen Referenzzentrum für Krankenhaushygiene, das 1996 vom Bundesgesundheitsministerium eingerichtet wurde, zusammengestellten
Empfehlungen stützen sich auf die Ergebnisse wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen und trennen so die unbedingt notwendigen von
den weniger bzw. nicht sinnvollen Ma?nahmen.
Summary. Many hygienic procedures performed in operation units are not supported by scientific investigations. The following recommendations by the National Reference Center for Hospital Epidemiology, founded by the German Ministry of Health in 1996, are based on the scientific literature and separate necessary from less necessary and unnecessary procedures.相似文献
84.
Takashi Hineno M.D. Mutsuhiko Mizobuchi M.D. Oh-ichi Nishimatsu M.D. Jun Horiguchi M.D. Yasuo Kakimoto M.D. 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》1994,48(3):583-587
Abstract: Studies on the circadian rhythm of urine excretion in healthy men have demonstrated that the maximal urine flow occurs in the early afternoon and the minimal around midnight. In this study, an abnormality in the variation of urine volume was found in parkinsonian patients. Urine samples were collected during daytime (9:00–21:00) and nighttime (21:00–9:00). Fifteen healthy control subjects were examined and found to excrete 60% during the daytime and 40% during the nighttime of the total urine volume. Sixteen parkinsonian patients excreted 43% during the daytime and 57% during the nighttime. In contrast to the control subjects, the parkinsonian patients excreted a smaller volume of their urine during the daytime than during the nighttime. This finding might be related to the degeneration of dopaminergic and/or nondopaminergic neurons in the brain which control urinary excretion. 相似文献
85.
305例老年死亡病例医院感染回顾性调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文结果表明,305例老年死亡病例医院感染的发病率为33.8%。感染最多部位为肺部(66.9%),其次为尿路感染(19.4%)。高龄患者,侵袭性操作、多种抗生素联合应用,激素疗法等是诱发医院感染的危险因素。58.8%的病原菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,37.2%为真菌。31株病原菌药敏结果显示耐药率为33.3%。本文指出合理应用抗生素是预防医院感染的重要措施之一。 相似文献
86.
试论新世纪初期医院综合院力评价 总被引:30,自引:17,他引:13
作者阐述了医院综合院力的内涵与提出背景,提出了新世纪初期综合院力的评价内容体系,即一级评价内容7项,二级评价内容39项,三级评价内容15l项,并就各指标评价内容进行了讨论分析。 相似文献
87.
88.
Pharmacokinetics of orally administered hexobarbital in plasma and saliva of healthy subjects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M van der Graaff N P Vermeulen P Heij J K Boeijinga D D Breimer 《Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition》1986,7(3):265-272
Hexobarbital (HB) concentrations were determined in plasma and saliva of 8 healthy subjects, following oral administration of 500 mg HB-Na. Mean plasma half-lives were 3.2 +/- 0.1 h, and salivary half-lives 3.3 +/- 0.2 h. Mean plasma clearance was 22.9 +/- 2.3 1 h-1. There was a linear relationship between HB concentrations in saliva and plasma (r = 0.92). Mean salivary levels were 34 per cent of plasma levels. Salivary pH was constant throughout the experiment, 7.06 +/- 0.09. There was an inconsistent tendency of the saliva over plasma ratios to increase as a function of time. The percentage of protein binding calculated from saliva over plasma ratios was in reasonable agreement with in vitro data of equilibrium dialysis, 64.1 +/- 2.6 per cent and 65.9 +/- 0.8 per cent, respectively. The experiment was repeated in 4 subjects, and considerable intraindividual differences were shown to exist in saliva over plasma ratio, half-lives, and protein binding. It was concluded that HB elimination half-lives can relatively accurately be determined from salivary concentrations. Oral plasma clearance can only be estimated if the individual saliva over plasma ratios are known; this would require the taking of at least one blood sample during the experiment. When employing HB as a model substrate for drug metabolizing enzyme activity in vivo, the determination of its pharmacokinetic parameters, particularly oral plasma clearance as a reflection of cytochrome P-450 activity, cannot be achieved by taking saliva samples only. 相似文献
89.
M. B. Regazzi R. Rondanelli E. Vida F. Farinelli R. A. Upton 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1987,33(3):243-247
Summary Slower drug absorption at night can leave residual drug from an evening dose of a sustained-release product remaining to be absorbed at the time of the next morning's dose, thereby giving higher plasma concentrations of the drug during the day than the night.When a capsule product releasing theophylline over 12 h after a morning dose was given repetitively at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. for 4 days, daytime plasma concentrations from 4 h to 8 h after the dose were about 40% greater than corresponding night-time concentrations, and the mean steady-state concentration during the night-time interval was only 81% of that during the daytime interval.Altering the regimen to one capsule at 12 noon and one at 10 p.m. eliminated all significant differences between a.m. and corresponding p.m. plasma concentrations of theophylline and between the mean steady-state concentrations for each of the interdose intervals within a day. 相似文献
90.
从高原部队医院实际出发,阐述了适应新形势谋求新发展应处理好的七个关系:即继承与创新的关系;坚持“姓军为兵的服务方向与对外有偿服务的关系;基础建设与人才建设的关系;日常医疗保障与科研的关系;发挥自身特色与学习借鉴的关系;硬件建设与软件建设的关系;科技研究与成果转化的关系。 相似文献