不同性别SD大鼠血清生化值比较

目的探讨不同性别SD大鼠血清生化值的差异。方法采用全自动生化分析仪对禁食条件下,不同性别SPF级SD大鼠血液中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBiL)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Cre)、葡萄糖(Glu)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、肌酸激酶(CK)等生化指标进行测定。结果雄性SD大鼠的ALT、AST、ALP和K要显著高于雌性SD大鼠,而TP、ALB、TBiL和CR要显著低于雌性SD大鼠。结论在长期毒性试验中,要考虑性别因素对血液生化指标的影响,建议各组别雌、雄SD大鼠的数量合理设置,并根据性别分开统计血液生化值。     

代谢综合征患病率随性别和年龄的变化趋势

目的探讨代谢综合征患病率随性别和年龄的变化趋势。方法对2006年1~12月和2009年1~12月笔者医院的健康体检人群进行回顾性调查。男性:2006年1619例,2009年2202例;女性:2006年418例,2009年636例。MS诊断标准采用NCEP-ATPⅢ的中国人修订标准。结果男性2009年的MS患病率(41.2%vs 36.6%,P=0.003)较2006年显著增加了4.6%;女性2009年MS患病率(33.2%vs 36.1%,P>0.05)较2006年降低了2.9%。年龄分层显示,男性在44岁以下MS患病率有下降趋势,45岁后各年龄组皆呈增加趋势,特别是45~64岁年龄段MS患病率显著增加(P<0.05);女性年龄小于64岁MS患病率呈降低趋势,65岁后呈增加趋势。2006~2009年MS各危险因子变化率比较显示,2009年男性WC、HDL-C、FPG阳性例数明显增加(P<0.05);女性TG阳性例数明显减少(P<0.05)。结论 2006~2009年北京某公司MS患病率变化趋势呈现明显的性别和年龄差异。男性45~64岁和女性65岁后人群是MS患病的重点防治人群。     

Gender differences in sexual and injection risk behavior among active young injection drug users in San Francisco (the UFO study)

Female injection drug users (IDUs) represent a large proportion of persons infected with HIV in the United States, and women who inject drugs have a high incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) injection. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of gender in injection risk behavior and the transmission of blood-borne virus. In 2000–2002, 844 young (<30 years old) IDUs were surveyed in San Francisco. We compared self-reported risk behavior between 584 males and 260 female participants from cross-sectional baseline data. We used logistic regression to determine whether demographic, structural, and relationship variables explained increased needle borrowing, drug preparation equipment sharing, and being injected by another IDU among females compared to males. Females were significantly younger than males and were more likely to engage in needle borrowing, ancillary equipment sharing, and being injected by someone else. Females were more likely than males to report recent sexual intercourse and to have IDU sex partners. Females and males were not different with respect to education, race/ethnicity, or housing status. In logistic regression models for borrowing a used needle and sharing drug preparation equipment, increased risk in females was explained by having an injection partner who was also a sexual partner. Injecting risk was greater in the young female compared to male IDUs despite equivalent frequency of injecting. Overlapping sexual and injection partnerships were a key factor in explaining increased injection risk in females. Females were more likely to be injected by another IDU even after adjusting for years injecting, being in a relationship with another IDU, and other potential confounders. Interventions to reduce sexual and injection practices that put women at risk of contracting hepatitis and HIV are needed.     

Relative and absolute gender gap in all-cause mortality in Europe and the contribution of smoking

This paper examined whether international variations in absolute and relative gender differences in mortality are related to the overall mortality rates, and whether the international variation in gender gap in mortality can in part be explained by smoking. I used data on mortality from all causes in 32 European countries published by the World Health Organisation, and indirect estimates of mortality attributable to smoking in the age band 35–69 years by Peto et al. The main analyses were restricted to the age band 35–69 years but results for mortality at all ages were virtually identical. The overall mortality rates (both sexes combined) were strongly related to absolute gender differences (r = 0.91) but only weakly to relative differences (r = 0.35). The gender gap was larger in eastern than in western Europe for rate differences (1005 vs. 530 per 100,000, respectively), but it was similar for rate ratios (2.3 vs. 2.1, respectively). Both absolute and relative gender differences in mortality were strongly related to the difference between men and women in the proportion of all deaths attributed to tobacco (partial correlations, after controlling for the overall death rates, were 0.59 and 0.66, respectively). Excluding tobacco-related deaths attenuated the associations between the overall mortality rates with absolute differences (r = 0.70) and reduced the difference in the absolute gender gap between eastern and western Europe. More importantly, excluding tobacco-related deaths eliminated entirely the association with relative differences (r = –0.15) as well as any suggestion that the relative gender gap is larger in eastern than in western Europe. These results show that tobacco plays an important role in generating international differences in the size of gender gap in mortality. The much discussed association between the overall life expectancy and the gender gap in life expectancy is a numerical product of absolute death rates (differences in life expectancy are driven by differences in rates). The association of overall mortality with male/female mortality ratios is much weaker.     

Determinants of Birthweight; Gender Based Analysis

The objective of this cross sectional study is to look at determinants of birth weight and their association with the gender of the baby in 2,795 full term children living in the occupied Palestinian territory, derived from a stratified random sample of 2,994 households in the West Bank and 2,234 households in the Gaza Strip. The response rate was 85%. Multivariable analysis using analysis of variance for mixed models showed that sex and birth order, maternal age and education and to a lesser extent region were determinants of birth weight for all children. The effect of maternal education on birth weight differed for female and male infants, tending to be relatively unchanged for male infants and with mean birth weights increasing with maternal education in female infants. The effect of birth order differed by maternal age, with mean birth weight increasing with maternal age for first and second births; but being unaffected by maternal age for infants of birth order greater than two. We conclude that birth weight is influenced by common biological determinants across cultures, but is also influenced by social, ethnic, and environmental factors that are culture specific, of which some might be gender related.

Use of Fertility Preservation Among a Cohort of Transgirls in the Netherlands

Purpose

The primary aims of the study are to examine the rate of attempted fertility preservation (FP) among a Dutch cohort of transgirls who started gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment and the reasons why adolescents did or did not choose to attempt FP.

Social origins,early hardship and obesity: A strong association in women,but not in men?

This study investigates the relation between early life conditions and adult obesity in France, using a rich data set collected through the 2003 nationally representative Life History Survey. No salient factor emerged in men, while in women, after controlling for current socio-demographic characteristics, a relation was found between obesity and the following factors: father's occupation (OR = 3.2 for women whose father was a clerical worker, versus those whose father was in a higher-level occupation); experience of economic hardship in childhood (OR = 2.0), and; high parity (OR = 2.1 for parities of more than 3 versus parity of 1). Neither early family history nor mother's working status surfaced as significant factors. Those findings highlight a definite gender pattern, with a strong association between early disadvantage and obesity in women, but not in men. Potential mechanisms are discussed, particularly the “habitus”, the “thrifty phenotype” and the “feast–famine” hypotheses, and possible interactions with childbearing and motherhood. An integration of social and biological perspectives is needed to reach a better understanding of the processes involved, and to achieve progress in primary and secondary prevention.     

西南地区铁路职业人群高尿酸血症患病现状及影响因素的性别差异

目的 探讨西南地区不同性别铁路职业人群高尿酸血症（HUA）患病情况及影响因素。方法 以2020年在中国铁路成都局集团公司联合成都大学附属医院开展的健康列车上体检的23 265名在职职工为研究对象,收集人口学特征和体检指标,采用单因素分析和logistic回归分析,不同性别分层分析。结果 HUA检出率为37.4%,其中男性（39.3%）明显高于女性（13.4%）(P<0.001)。在男性中饮酒、当前吸烟、体质指数（BMI）超标、高甘油三酯（TG）、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、慢性肾病（CKD）的检出率分别为71.8%、61.6%、55.6%、46.1%、38.5%、18.5%、2.3%,均高于女性（22.0%、7.3%、29.4%、18.3%、18.6%、5.4%、0.6%,P<0.001）。性别分层logistic回归分析显示：超重/肥胖、高TG、CKD是男性和女性HUA共同的危险因素（OR>1,P<0.05）,已婚是共同的保护因素（OR<1,P<0.05）。另外,在男性,行车关键岗位（OR=1.07,95...     

我国不同性别老年人成功老龄化与死亡的关系研究

目的 了解我国老年人成功老龄化的现状,并探究不同性别老年人成功老龄化及其组成部分与死亡的关系.方法 数据来源为2010-2016年中国健康与养老全国追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据.采用x2检验比较不同性别老年人成功老龄化之间的差...     

Gender-specific Differences in Clinicopathologic Outcomes Following Radical Cystectomy: An International Multi-institutional Study of More Than 8000 Patients

Background

The impact of gender on the staging and prognosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is insufficiently understood.

Objective

To assess gender-specific differences in pathologic factors and survival of UCB patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC).

Design, setting, and participants

Data from 8102 patients treated with RC (6497 men [80%] and 1605 women [20%]) for UCB between 1971 and 2012 were analyzed.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

Multivariable competing-risk regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of gender on disease recurrence (DR) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM). We also tested the interaction of gender and tumor stage, nodal status, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI).

Results and limitations

Female patients were older at the time of RC (p = 0.033) and had higher rates of pathologic stage T3/T4 disease (p < 0.001). In univariable, but not in multivariable analysis, female gender was associated with a higher risk of DR (p = 0.022 and p = 0.11, respectively). Female gender was an independent predictor for CSM (p = 0.004). We did not find a significant interaction between gender and stage, nodal metastasis, or LVI (all p values >0.05).

Conclusions

We found female gender to be associated with a higher risk of CSM following RC. However, these findings do not appear to be explained by gender differences in pathologic stage, nodal status, or LVI. This gender disparity may be due to differences in care and/or the biology of UCB.