基于文献计量学的病毒性肺炎免疫应答调节机制研究进展分析

[目的] 了解病毒性肺炎及其免疫应答机制的研究现状,分析该领域的热点和研究发展趋势。[方法] 检索Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库中有关病毒性肺炎免疫应答相关的文献为文献样本,基于文献计量学,利用Citespace对该领域文献进行国家合作、机构合作、关键词等分析。[结果] 共检测到相关文献796篇,美国的发文量、研究者数量及研究成果在全球都处于领先地位,美国国立卫生研究院为发文最多的机构;中国研究处于不断发展阶段,与其他国家有良好合作,国内交流有待增强;主要的热点话题有呼吸道合胞病毒、流感、发病机制、细胞因子表达、炎症反应等。[结论] 该领域研究受疫情爆发的影响,正处于发展阶段,全球应加国内外强科研合作,提高防治疫情整体研究水平。     

翼状胬肉切除术后并发角膜溃疡的危险因素分析

目的 探讨翼状胬肉切除术后并发角膜溃疡的危险因素。方法 选取2017年5月—2022年3月在青岛市中医医院行翼状胬肉切除术的患者153例,统计术后角膜溃疡发生情况,将并发角膜溃疡的患者作为发生组,其余作为未发生组。比较两组患者一般资料,采用多因素Logistic逐步回归模型分析翼状胬肉切除术后并发角膜溃疡的危险因素。结果 153例行翼状胬肉切除术的患者,术后30例并发角膜溃疡作为发生组,其余123例作为未发生组。与未发生组比较,发生组糖尿病、复发性翼状胬肉、手术操作不规范、角膜缝线松动及激素类药物应用不合理的构成比升高（P <0.05）。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,糖尿病[OR=2.678(95%CI:2.013,3.343)]、复发性胬肉[OR=2.280(95%CI:1.659,2.900)]、手术操作不规范[OR=7.036(95%CI:4.152,9.919)]、角膜缝线松动[OR=3.466(95%CI:2.632,4.300)]及激素类药物应用不合理[OR=5.217(95%CI:3.021,7.414)]均是翼状胬肉切除术后并发角膜溃疡的危险因素（P...     

益气养阴活血法治疗冠心病心律失常有效性和安全性的Meta分析*

[摘要]目的 系统评价益气养阴活血法治疗冠心病心律失常的有效性及安全性。方法 检索中国知网数据库（CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP）、中国学术期刊数据库（万方）、Cochrane图书馆、Web of Science和PubMed中有关益气养阴活血法治疗冠心病心律失常的临床随机对照试验研究,提取纳入研究的相关数据并进行方法学质量评价。应用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入26个研究。Meta分析结果显示,益气养阴活血法治疗组在临床总有效率[OR=3.47,95%CI（2.68, 4.48）,P<0.00001]、24h心律失常事件数[WMD=-204.82,95%CI（-228.78, -180.86）,P<0.00001]、中医症候疗效[OR=3.08,95%CI（2.04,4.66）,P<0.00001]、心电图疗效[OR=2.50,95%CI（1.63,3.83）,P<0.0001]、血液流变学指标：全血高切黏度[WMD=-1.02,95%CI（-1.18,-0.85）,P < 0.00001]、全血低切黏度值[WMD=-1.66,95%CI（-2.00,-1.33）,P< 0.00001]、血浆比黏度[WMD=-0.42,95%CI（-0.50,-0.35）,P < 0.00001]、纤维蛋白原[SMD=-1.67,95%CI（-2.06,-1.28）,P <0.00001]及安全性[OR=0.41,95%CI（0.27,0.61）,P<0.001]方面均优于常规西医治疗组。结论 益气养阴活血法治疗冠心病心律失常具有更好的有效性及安全性。由于目前纳入文献数量及质量的限制,期望今后有更多高质量的随机对照试验支持。     

A cAMP-activated chloride channel in the plasma membrane of cultured human gastric cells (HGT-1)

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion by gastric parietal cells involves an apical Cl^– conductance, the properties of which have not been defined. In the present study, forskolin and histamine [agonists that increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)], and dibutyryl cAMP, activated channels in previously quiescent cell-attached membrane patches on cultured human gastric cells (HGT-1). In the cell-attached configuration (Cl^–149 mmol/ 1 in bath and pipette), channels exhibited outward rectification, voltage dependence, inward current (–0.7 pA) at zero holding potential and a reversal potential of +24 mV, consistent with the presence of a Cl^– conductive pathway. In excised inside-out patches, channels (i) exhibited degrees of outward rectification and voltage dependence that were comparable to those seen in cell-attached patches, (ii) demonstrated a –21 mV shift of their reversal potential when bath Cl^– was decreased from 149 mmol/l to 53 mmol/l (calculated Cl^–:cation permeability ratio 171), and (iii) were highly sensitive to the Cl^– channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPC, 10^–3 mol/l). This cAMP-activated Cl^– channel bears many similarities to other Cl^– channels within intestinal epithalia, and may represent the apical Cl^– channel operating in HCl-secreting gastric parietal cells.     

Assessment of dental health state utilities

The term "health state utility" implies the assigning of a numerical value to a state of health. Assessment of the success of health care procedures, using health state utilities, enables evaluation of available treatments and procedures in terms of differing health outcomes and therefore facilitates cost-benefit analyses. Although measurement of general health state utilities has become increasingly common in medicine using a variety of techniques, few attempts have as yet been made in dentistry to place valuations on different dental health states. The absence of tried and tested methods for measuring tooth quality make the benefits gained from preventive and restorative dental programmes difficult to quantify. The aim of this study was to assess the average utility values, held by a group of dentists and a group of members of the general public, for four different tooth states which it was hypothesised would have different values. These were 1) a decayed and painful posterior tooth; 2) a decayed and non-painful posterior tooth; 3) a posterior tooth which had been restored and would need further restorative treatment and 4) a permanently restored posterior tooth. A standard gamble questionnaire was used to elicit the utility values which were then substituted as "weightings" in a modified version of the "T-health" index (1). The results show that it is possible to assess dental health state utility values using the standard gamble method and that the average utility values of the dentists in the study were consistently higher than those of the general public.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A framework for automatic analysis of the dynamic behaviour of coronary angiograms

A framework for coronary vessels analysis in digital subtracted angiograms is described. This method combines the motion estimation with the frame-to-frame structure detection in a natural way such that they act interactively. The first step consists of the extraction of the vessel centrelines in one image and their organization into meaningful constituents or branches of the coronary arterial tree. The motion is then estimated along the centrelines through a gradient based method. These motion estimates supply an initial positioning of an active contour model (or snake) in the next image. This model adapts itself by changing its shape to accurately fit onto the new centrelines. This process is then reiterated on the subsequent images to depict the dynamic behaviour of all the relevant branches. The main interests of this scheme are: (1) the active models operate locally so a fast detection of the vessels can be performed; (2) the centrelines extraction is fully guided by the confluence of the motion estimation and the contour model; (3) both morphological and kinetic features are provided on a quantitative basis.     

New metrics for analysis of dendritic branching patterns demonstrating similarities and differences in ON and ON-OFF directionally selective retinal ganglion cells.

The morphology and dendritic branching patterns of retinal ganglion cells have been studied in Golgi-impregnated, whole-mount preparations of rabbit retina. Among a large number of morphological types identified, two have been found that correspond to the morphology of ON and ON-OFF directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells identified in other studies. These two kinds of DS ganglion cell are compared with each other, as well as with examples of class I, class II, and class III cells, defined here with reference to our previous studies. Cell body, dendritic field size and branching pattern are analyzed in this paper and levels of dendritic stratification are examined in the following paper. ON DS ganglion cells are about 10% larger in soma size and about 5 times the dendritic field area of ON-OFF DS ganglion cells, when compared at the same retinal location. These two morphological types of ganglion cell can be said to define the upper and lower bounds of an intermediate range of cell body and dendritic field sizes within the whole population of ganglion cells. Nevertheless, in previous physiological studies receptive field sizes of the two types were shown to be similar. This discrepancy between morphological and physiological evidence is considered in the Discussion in terms of a model of the excitatory receptive field of ON-OFF DS ganglion cells incorporating starburst amacrine cells. A new set of metrics is introduced here for the quantitative analysis and characterization of the branching pattern of neuronal arborizations. This method compares the lengths of terminal and preterminal dendritic branches (treated separately), as a function of the distances of their origins from the soma, viewed graphically in a two-dimensional scatter plot. These values are derived from computer-aided 3D logging of the dendritic trees, and distance from the soma is measured as the shortest distance tracked along the dendritic branches. From these metrics of the "branch length distributions," scale-independent branching statistics are derived. These make use of mean branch lengths and distances, slopes of lines fitted to the distributions, and elliptical indices of scatter in the distributions. By these measures, ON and ON-OFF DS ganglion cells have similar branching patterns, which they share to varying degrees with functionally unrelated class III.1 ganglion cells. The scale of the branching patterns of ON and ON-OFF DS cells and their degree of uniformity are different, however.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Ultrastructure of another spiral organism associated with human gastritis

Summary Campylobacter pylori may not be the only organism that causes active chronic gastritis in man. We report two cases of gastric infection with a spiral organism distinct fromC. pylori. The first patient is a 36-year-old female who presented with epigastric pain and abdominal colic present since childhood and who had 14 cats. Endoscopy was normal. The second patient kept two dogs. Histology of gastric mucosal biopsy specimens in both patients revealed active chronic gastritis, most severe in body mucosa. Giemsa stain revealed bacteria with four to eight spirals, 0.5 m in diameter and 3–7 m in length. The organisms had multiple sheathed flagella at the pole and smooth cell walls without axial filaments. The organisms resembled the gastric spirillum that has been seen in cats, dogs, and nonhuman primates. After antibacterial therapy with bismuth subsalicylate, amoxicillin, and metronidazole, the organisms disappeared in both patients and the gastritis healed.UnlikeC. pylori, this new spirillum prefers to colonize gastric mucosa containing parietal cells. Whereas this type of organism is a common commensal in other mammals, it appears to be associated with and a possible cause of gastritis in humans.     

The zurich study

Summary This study describes sleep behaviour and insomnia in a representative cohort of a Swiss population. Interviews were carried out prospectively from age 20–21 to 27–28 years, starting with 292 males and 299 females. Females usually go to bed earlier and sleep 30 min longer than males. Taking into account length and periodicity of insomnia we can distinguish occasional insomnia (OI), repeated brief insomnia (RBI), and continued insomnia (CI), defined by operational criteria. The prevalence of sleep problems is stable from age 21–28, at 36%–40%. CI (prevalence 8%–10%) and RBI (13%–19%) are both medical problems in terms of treatment by professionals (10%–17%) or self-medication (7%–12%). The majority of insomniacs cope with sleep problems in various other ways. Frequency and patterns of symptoms of insomnia are described.The authors thank P. J. Clayton, M.D., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, for advice and critical suggestions and for the coining of the terms repeated brief insomnia and continued insomnia.Project supported by grant 3.948.0.85 from the Swiss National Science Foundation.Parts of this article were presented on the occasion of the inauguration ceremony of the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Mainz on April 2 and 3, 1987     

Usefulness of different myocardial sampling zones for the postmortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction

Summary The diagnosis of myocardial infarction requires the use of a group of tests that are very efficient, quick and inexpensive. Another important consideration is the choice of myocardial sampling zones, especially in cases of differential diagnosis between a cardiac injury secondary to a trauma or violent asphyxia and others, secondary to myocardial infarction. The aim of this work was to choose, through discriminant analysis, the most useful zones of cardiac tissue for the quantification of free fatty acids and free carnitine and for the performance of the K/Na quotient, as biochemical parameters for the postmortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction. According to the discriminant analysis performed, seven zones of cardiac tissue are necessary to achieve a differential diagnosis among myocardial infarction, other natural deaths, and violent deaths with a 71.9% efficacy. Greater diagnostic efficacy was found (78.1%) for differentiating between natural deaths and violent deaths. Offprint requests to: E. Lachica