冷冻联合氩气刀介入治疗恶性气道狭窄的临床观察

目的：探讨冷冻联合氩气刀介入治疗恶性气道狭窄的临床疗效及安全性。方法根据介入治疗方法的不同,将40例恶性气道狭窄患者分为两组。 A组(22例)使用冷冻联合氩气刀治疗,B组(18例)使用单纯冷冻治疗,评价两组治疗方法的临床疗效及并发症情况。结果 A组患者再通有效率为95．45%,明显高于B组(66．67%),差异有统计学意义( P<0．05);两组患者未见严重不良反应及并发症。结论冷冻联合氩气刀治疗恶性气道狭窄疗效可靠并安全,优于单纯冷冻治疗,值得临床推广应用。     

Macroscopic and Histological Evaluations of Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Using Gamma Irradiated Meniscus: A Comparative in Vivo Animal Study

Background:

Many studies suggest that the gamma irradiation decreases allograft strength in a dose-dependent manner. However, no study has demonstrated that this decrease in strength translates into higher failure rate in meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on macroscopic and histological alterations of transplanted meniscal tissue and joint cartilage after MAT.

Methods:

Medial total meniscectomies were performed on the right knees of 60 New Zealand white rabbits. All meniscal allografts were divided into three groups (20 in each group) and then sterilized with 0 Mrad, 1.5 Mrad, or 2.5 Mrad of gamma irradiation. For each group, 5 menisci were randomly chosen for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis and the remaining 15 were prepared for MAT surgeries. Forty-five right knees received MAT surgeries (0 Mrad group, 1.5 Mrad group, 2.5 Mrad group, 15 in each group), whereas the remaining 15 only received medial meniscectomy (Meni group). The left knees of the Meni group were chosen as the Sham group (n = 15). All the rabbits were sacrificed at week 24 postoperatively. Cartilage of the medial compartment of each group was evaluated macroscopically using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score and then histologically using the Mankin score based on the Masson Trichrome staining.

Results:

The SEM analysis confirmed that the meniscal collagen fibers would be significantly damaged as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. At week 24, the overall scores of macroscopic evaluations of the transplanted meniscal tissue showed no significant differences among the three groups receiving MAT surgeries, except for 2 in the 2.5 Mrad group presented partial radial tears at midbody. The ICRS scores and the Mankin scores showed the lowest in the Sham group and the highest in the Meni group (P < 0.05). For the three groups receiving MAT surgeries, the 2.5 Mrad group showed significant higher ICRS scores and Mankin scores than both the 0 Mrad group and the 1.5 Mrad group (P < 0.05). Whereas the 1.5 Mrad group presented similar results to the 0 Mrad group concerning both the ICRS scores and the Mankin scores.

Conclusions:

The current in vivo animal study proved that although the meniscal collagen fibers were damaged after gamma irradiation, the failure rate of MAT surgeries might not significantly increase if the irradiation dose was <1.5 Mrad for New Zealand white rabbits.     

体部伽马刀治疗早期周围型非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的：观察体部伽玛刀治疗42例早期（T1‐2aN0M0,Ⅰ期）周围型非小细胞肺癌（ NSCLC）患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法42例患者（90％的患者有病理学诊断）接受伽马刀治疗,其中ⅠA期者18例,ⅠB期者24例;放疗总剂量为48～60Gy（中位剂量为57Gy）,50％以上的等剂量线必须包括100％以上的PTV ,60％的等剂量线覆盖90％ CTV ,70％等剂量线覆盖80％ GTV。完成治疗后评估近期和远期疗效以及不良反应。结果随访时间为3～42个月（中位随访时间为28个月）,其中完全缓解者22例、部分缓解者17例、疾病稳定者1例、疾病进展者2例,有效率为92．9％,2年局部控制率为82．6％,1年总生存率为94．5％,2年总生存率为52.2％。结论体部伽玛刀作为立体定向放射治疗的主要设备之一,对于无法手术或拒绝手术的早期周围型非小细胞肺癌患者,疗效确切,毒副反应小,可明显改善病人的生存质量。     

B超引导下小针刀治疗腰脊神经后支综合征的疗效及其对患者术后疼痛的影响

目的 探讨B超引导下小针刀治疗腰脊神经后支综合征的疗效及其对患者术后疼痛的影响.方法 选取2013年1月至2014年6月期间我院确诊治疗的腰脊神经后支综合征患者118例,依据随机分配原则分为B超引导组和X线引导组,每组59例,X线引导组患者给予在X线片引导下小针刀治疗,B超引导组患者给予在B超引导下小针刀治疗,对所有患者治疗前、治疗后4周内应用视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale/Score,VAS)进行疼痛评估和进行为期90 d的随访,统计分析所有患者治疗中穿刺成功情况、治疗前后VAS评分和疗效.结果 B超引导组患者总穿刺成功率明显高于X线引导组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗90 d后,B超引导组患者治疗总有效率明显高于X线引导组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,B超引导组患者各时点VAS评分明显低于X线引导组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 B超引导下小针刀治疗可有效提高腰脊神经后支综合征治疗中穿刺成功率,缓解治疗后患者疼痛症状,有助于提高对患者的疗效,值得临床推广应用.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasms using the stag beetle knife

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an accepted standard treatment for early gastric cancer but is not widely used in the esophagus because of technical difficulties. To increase the safety of esophageal ESD, we used a scissors‐type device called the stag beetle (SB) knife. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of ESD using the SB knife. We performed a single‐center retrospective, uncontrolled trial. A total of 38 lesions were excised by ESD from 35 consecutive patients who were retrospectively divided into the following two groups according to the type of knife used to perform ESD: the hook knife (hook group) was used in 20 patients (21 lesions), and the SB knife (SB group) was used in 15 patients (17 lesions). We evaluated and compared the operative time, lesion size, en bloc resection rate, pathological margins free rate, and complication rate in both groups. The operative time was shorter in the SB group (median 70.0 minutes [interquartile range, 47.5–87.0]) than in the hook group (92.0 minutes [interquartile range, 63.0–114.0]) (P = 0.019), and the rate of complications in the SB group was 0% compared with 45.0% in the hook group (P = 0.004). However, the lesion size, en bloc resection rate, and pathological margins free rate did not differ significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, ESD using the SB knife was safer than that using a conventional knife for superficial esophageal neoplasms.     

Change in Tinnitus after Treatment of Vestibular Schwannoma: Microsurgery vs. Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

Purpose

Tinnitus is a very common symptom of vestibular schwannoma, present in 45 to 80% of patients. We evaluated changes in tinnitus after translabyrinthine microsurgery (TLM) or gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS).

Materials and Methods

Among 78 patients with vestibular schwannoma who underwent TLM or GKS at Severance Hospital from 2009-2012, 46 patients with pre- or postoperative tinnitus who agreed to participate were enrolled. Pure tone audiometry, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for loudness, awareness, and annoyance were measured before and after treatment. Changes of THI and VAS were analysed and compared according to treatment modality, tumour volume, and preoperative residual hearing.

Results

In the TLM group (n=27), vestibulocochlear nerves were definitely cut. There was a higher rate of tinnitus improvement in TLM group (52%) than GKS group (16%, p=0.016). The GKS group had a significantly higher rate of tinnitus worsening (74%) than TLM group (11%, p<0.001). Mean scores of THI and VAS scores significantly decreased in the TLM group in contrast to significant increases in the GKS group. Tumor volume and preoperative hearing did not affect the changes in THI or VAS.

Conclusion

GKS can save vestibulocochlear nerve continuity but may damage the cochlea, cochlear nerve and can cause worsening tinnitus. In cases where hearing preservation is not intended, microsurgery with vestibulocochlear neurectomy during tumor removal can sometimes relieve or prevent tinnitus.     

川崎病并发冠状动脉病变的早期防治

目的探讨川崎病(KD)并发冠状动脉病变患者的早期防治方法与效果。方法将我院2004年1月~2014年7月接诊的川崎病并发冠状动脉病变患者42例作为研究对象,随机均分为研究组与对照组,各自21例。其中对照组患者早期单用阿司匹林防治,而研究组患者则采取静注丙种球蛋白并予以阿司匹林治疗。观察记录两组患者心脏彩超与实验室检查结果,并对比分析。结果经心脏彩超检查治疗前后可知,研究组治疗前彩超正常患儿治疗后转为异常有1例,而对照组则出现5例,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗前实验室指标无显著性差异,但治疗后研究组在实验室指标上皆明显低于对照组,更趋于正常范围,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论静脉滴注丙种球蛋白用于早期防治川崎病并发冠状动脉病变患者可取得比较良好的效果,防治效果显著,同时能明显改善患者的实验室指标,值得借鉴。     

复方丹参注射液联合伽马刀治疗对原发性肝癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探索伽马刀联合复方丹参注射液治疗对原发性肝癌患者免疫系统的影响。方法:将行伽马刀治疗的40例原发性肝癌患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各20例。试验组患者采用伽马刀联合丹参注射液治疗;对照组患者仅单纯接受伽马刀治疗。治疗期间观察两组患者T细胞亚群及血清免疫球蛋白的变化。结果:在治疗前后,试验组患者CD^3+T细胞、CD4^+T细胞和CD4^+T/CD8^+T细胞比值及血清免疫球蛋白IgM、IgG、IgA水平均有所上升,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:伽马刀联合丹参注射液治疗能有效提高原发性肝癌患者免疫球蛋白水平,刺激CD^3+T细胞和CD4^+T细胞的增殖,抑制CD8^+T细胞的产生。     

伽玛刀治疗颅内软骨肉瘤四例报道及文献回顾

目的 探讨伽玛刀放射外科治疗颅内软骨肉瘤的临床疗效. 方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学第二医院神经外科伽玛刀中心自2004年11月至2012年1月收治的4例软骨肉瘤患者诊治过程.4例患者均行手术切除并经病理证实,其中男1例,女3例;年龄26～36岁,平均31.3岁.肿瘤体积0.6～25.4 cm3,平均13.8 cm3;边缘剂量15～20 Gy,平均17.3 Gy;中心剂量30～40 Gy,平均35 Gy;靶点数4～19个,平均10个.本组随访时间5～28个月,平均14.5个月. 结果 1例左侧乳突及颈静脉孔区患者及1例鞍区患者治疗后分别随访19个月、9个月,肿瘤未见增大,生存良好;1例右侧眶颅沟通患者随访28个月后复发,后两次行手术治疗,效果不佳,于伽玛刀治疗后56个月死亡;1例左侧鞍旁患者治疗后5个月肿瘤复发,伴脑积水,随后失访.4例均未出现任何与伽玛刀治疗相关的并发症. 结论 伽玛刀治疗定位精确度高,疗效可靠且对周围组织损伤小,可作为术后残留软骨肉瘤辅助治疗方法.