Preliminary assessment of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron mission tomography in patients with bladder cancer

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of imaging of bladder cancer with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning. We studied 12 patients with histologically proven bladder cancer who had undergone surgical procedures and/or radiotherapy. Retrograde irrigation of the urinary bladder with 1000–3710 ml saline was performed during nine of the studies. Dynamic and static PET images were obtained, and standardized uptake value images were reconstructed. FDG-PET scanning was true-positive in eight patients (66.7%), but false-negative in four (33.3%). Of 20 organs with tumor mass lesions confirmed pathologically or clinically, 16 (80%) were detected by FDG-PET scanning. FDG-PET scanning detected all of 17 distant metastatic lesions and two of three proven regional lymph node metastases. FDG-PET was also capable of differentiating viable recurrent bladder cancer from radiation-induced alterations in two patients. In conclusion, these preliminary data indicate the feasibility of FDG-PET imaging in patients with bladder cancer, although a major remaining pitfall is intense FDG accumulation in the urine. Present address: Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359, Japan     

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for preoperative parathyroid imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed in seven consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism to preoperatively locate parathyroid adenomas. Foci of FDG accumulation corresponding to abnormal parathyroid tissue were observed in two out of nine surgically excised parathyroid adenomas. It was concluded that FDG PET imaging demonstrated a too low sensitivity for systematic preoperative detection and localization of parathyroid glands causing primary hyperparathyroidism.     

Myoblast fusion in Drosophila melanogaster is mediated through a fusion-restricted myogenic-adhesive structure (FuRMAS).

During myogenesis in Drosophila embryos, a prominent adhesive structure is formed between precursor cells and fusion-competent myoblasts (fcms). Here, we show that Duf/Kirre and its interaction partners Rols7 (found in founder myoblasts and growing myotubes) and Sns (found in fcms) are organized in a ring-structure at the contact points of fcms with precursor cells, while cytoskeletal components like F-actin and Titin are centered in this ring in both cell types. The cytoplasmic protein Blow colocalizes with the actin plugs in fcms after cell adhesion. Furthermore, the requirement of additional as yet unidentified components was demonstrated by using mammalian C2C12 myoblasts. In this study, we propose that the fusion-restricted myogenic-adhesive structure (FuRMAS) is pivotal in linking cell adhesion as well as local F-actin assembly and dynamics to downstream events that ultimately lead to plasma membrane fusion. Moreover, we suggest that the FuRMAS may restrict the area of membrane breakdown.     

PET-CT在恶性肿瘤诊断中的初步应用

目的探讨PET-CT一体机在恶性肿瘤中的应用价值.方法收集已经明确诊断的全身不同部位的恶性肿瘤病例62例,经PET-CT检查后进行回顾性分析,采用目测和半定量分析方法.结果62例肿瘤病人共检出142个病灶,PET图像阳性率93.55%(58/62);PET图像阴性率6.45%(4/62);PET发现病灶而CT未完全发现病灶率19.4%(12/62);CT发现而PET未见浓聚率6.45%(4/62);原发灶未能找到率1.61%(1/62).标准化摄取值(SUV)大于2.5占78.2%(111/142);SUV2.5～2.0占14.8%(21/142);SUV小于2.0占7%(10/142).结论PET-CT与单纯PET,CT比较具有明显的优势,可以精确定位、定性,但PET-CT也有一定的局限性.     

Synthesis of 4‐[18F]fluoroiodobenzene and its application in sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions

The first application of a Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction in ¹⁸F chemistry has been developed. The reaction was exemplified by the cross‐coupling of terminal alkynes (ethynylcyclopentyl carbinol 6 , 17α‐ethynyl‐3,17β‐estradiol 7 and 17α‐ethynyl‐3‐methoxy‐3,17β‐estradiol 8 ) with 4‐[¹⁸F]fluoroiodobenzene. 4,4′‐Diiododiaryliodonium salts were used as precursors for the synthesis of 4‐[¹⁸F]fluoroiodobenzene, enabling the convenient access to 4‐[¹⁸F]fluoroiodobenzene in 13–70% yield using conventional heating or microwave activation. The Sonogashira cross‐coupling of 4‐[¹⁸F]fluoroiodobenzene with terminal alkynes gave the corresponding 4‐[¹⁸F]fluorophenylethynyl‐substituted compounds [¹⁸F]‐9 , [¹⁸F]‐10 and [¹⁸F]‐13 in yields up to 88% within 20 min of starting from 4‐[¹⁸F]fluoroiodobenzene. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relationship between apoptosis and proliferation in secondary tumors of the brain

A correlation between apoptosis and proliferation in astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, but not in glioblastomas, has been previously reported. An index for apoptosis and proliferation was established for each tumor in a series of 20 brain metastases, and its correlation was studied using the Spearman rank correlation test. Apoptosis index (AI) ranged between 1 and 78% (mean ± SD: 11.48 ± 16.4). Proliferation index (PI) ranged between 2.4 and 21% (mean ± SD: 8.23 ± 4.8). When the relationship between AI and PI was studied, a clear correlation was found (r: 0.8965, 95% CI: 0.74–0.95; P < 0.0001). Therefore, it is concluded that a clear correlation exists between proliferation and apoptosis in secondary tumors of the brain.     

Whole-Body [18F]FDG PET in the Management of Metastatic Brain Tumours

Summary Background To determine its roles in the diagnosis and the systemic evaluation of metastatic brain tumours, whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) using [¹⁸F]FDG was performed in 20 consecutive patients. Methods  All patients were thought to be suffering or needing to be differentiated from metastatic brain tumours. Nine patients had multiple brain lesions; six were older and showed a rim-enhancing lesion with surrounding oedema; seven had homogeneously enhancing periventricular lesion(s) on computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, thought to be central nervous system lymphomas. Two patients had skull mass(es) and two patients had a solid mass suspected to be, respectively, a haemorrhagic metastasis and a metastatic malignant melanoma. All of them received whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET and conventional systemic work-up for metastasis in order to compare the results of the two methods. Results  Metastatic brain tumours were diagnosed on whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET in eleven patients who had extracranial and intracranial hypermetabolic lesions. In nine of these, a conventional work-up also detected primary lesions which on whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET were seen to be hypermetabolic foci. Systemic lymph node metastases were detected by whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET only in two patients and histological diagnosis was possible by biopsy of lymph nodes rather than of brain lesions. In the remaining nine patients who had only intracranial hypermetabolic foci, histological diagnosis was made by craniotomy or stereotactic biopsy. It was confirmed that seven of nine patients were suffering from a primary brain tumour and two from metastatic carcinoma. None of the nine showed evidence of systemic cancer on conventional work-up. Histological diagnoses of the primary brain tumours were four cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma and one each of multifocal glioblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and cavernous angioma.  Patients felt no discomfort during the whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET procedure and there were no complications. The false negative rate in [¹⁸F]FDG PET and in conventional work-up was 15.4% and 30.7% respectively. There were no false positives on either [¹⁸F]FDG PET or conventional work-up. Conclusion  It is suggested that whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET is a safe, reliable, and convenient method for the diagnosis and systemic evaluation of patients thought to be suffering or needing to be differentiated from a metastatic brain tumour.     

Isochromosome 18q in a girl with holoprosencephaly,DiGeorge anomaly,and streak ovaries

We report on the clinical and pathologic findings in a girl with isochromosome 18q (46, XX,i(18q)) who had combined manifestations of monosomy 18p and trisomy 18q. Major congenital anomalies included premaxillary agenesis, alobar holoprosenphaly, double Outlet right ventricle, DiGeorge anomaly and streak ovaries. The clinical spectrum in i(18q) is very broad. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The relation between conduction velocity and axonal length

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) obtained by electrical root stimulation and F waves were used to examine the proximal nerve conduction velocity (CV) to tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum brevis (EDB), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles in 40 humans. By subtracting motor latencies obtained by stimulating the peripheral nerve at the same point from the F-wave and MEP latencies, we could measure the CV over identical proximal segments. It was found that proximal CV to TA and FCR was significantly higher than to EDB and APB, respectively. Combining the data of the proximal CV to all four muscles in relation with axonal length resulted in a highly significant inverse relationship (r² = 0.77). Thus the axonal length explained to a large extent the higher CV of the arm nerves and also the inverse relation between body height and CV. The distal CV was always lower than proximal CV; however, there was no support for an additional effect of this gradient in explaining the relationship between CV and height since it was constant for all body heights. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

上调Mg2+/Mn2+依赖性蛋白磷酸酶1F表达对鼻咽癌HONE-1细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的 探讨上调Mg²⁺/Mn²⁺依赖性蛋白磷酸酶1F（PPM1F）对鼻咽癌HONE-1细胞增殖、迁移的影响,并阐明其作用机制。 方法 鼻咽癌HONE-1细胞分为pcDNA3.1组（转染pcDNA3.1质粒）和pcDNA3.1-Flag-PPM1F组（转染pcDNA3.1-Flag-PPM1F质粒）。实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）法和Western blotting法检测2组细胞中PPM1F和E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）mRNA及蛋白表达水平,CCK-8法和克隆形成实验检测2组细胞增殖活性和克隆形成率,细胞划痕实验检测2组细胞划痕愈合率,Transwell实验检测2组细胞中迁移细胞数。 结果 与pcDNA3.1组比较,pcDNA3.1-Flag-PPM1F 组细胞中PPM1F mRNA表达水平明显升高（P<0.01）,且PPM1F蛋白表达量明显增加,细胞中E-cadherin mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.01）,细胞增殖活性、克隆形成率和划痕愈合率明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,迁移细胞数明显减少（P<0.05）。 结论 上调PPM1F表达能够抑制鼻咽癌HONE-1 细胞增殖和迁移,其机制可能与细胞间的黏附作用有关。