三切口食管癌切除术与胸腔镜辅助手术的疗效比较

目的:对比分析三切口食管癌切除术与胸腔镜辅助食管癌切除术的临床疗效。方法:将食管癌患者分为两组,胸腔镜辅助组11例,行胸腔镜游离食管+开腹游离胃+颈部吻合术;常规组23例,行常规三切口食管癌切除术。对比分析两组住院时间、住院费用、手术时间、出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、患者疼痛情况、胸管引流量、术后并发症。结果:两组均无围手术期死亡。住院时间、出血量、淋巴结清扫数量两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),胸腔镜辅助组住院花费高,手术时间长,并发症发生率高,但胸管引流量低,与常规组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且常规组疼痛评分较高。结论:食管癌的腔镜手术需一定的学习曲线,开展初期微创优势可能不明显,应严格把握手术适应证,尽量选择体形较瘦、手术难度相对较小的患者。     

超声内镜和CT检查对判断食管癌根治性切除的临床价值

目的探讨超声内镜（EUS）和CT对判断食管癌能否根治性切除的临床价值。方法回顾性分析经手术治疗的746例食管癌患者的临床资料．按术前所行检查分为CT组（480例）、EUS组（151例）和EUS加CT组（115例）,采用双盲法,对EUS和CT影像进行回顾性阅片,并将各组结果和手术病理结果进行对照研究。结果CT组、EUS组和EUS加CT组患者的手术根治性切除率分别为91．0％、93．4％和93．9％：3组间差异无统计学意义（X2=1．551,P=0．484）。CT组、EUS组和EUS加CT组术前判断手术根治切除率分别为81．7％、94．7％和96．5％（Xz=15．131,P=0．000;x2=15．662,P=0．000：X2=0．502．P=0．346）;诊断主动脉受侵率分别为91．3％、98．7％和98．3％（X2=9．764,P=0．000;x2=6．659,P=0．004;x2=0．076,P=0．581）;诊断气管支气管受侵率分别为91.3％、96．0％和98．3％（X2=3．729,P=0．034;X2=6．659,P=0．004;X2=1．117,P=0．248）。结论EUS诊断食管癌根治切除和主动脉受侵的临床价值高于CT：EUS和CT诊断气管支气管受侵的价值均较低：与单独应用EUS相比．CT和EUS的联合应用未能显著提高诊断食管癌的根治切除率。     

术前放化疗对微创食管切除术的影响

目的 探讨术前放化疗对微创食管切除术(MIE)手术质量及围术期的影响.方法 符合入组条件的初治胸段局部晚期食管鳞癌63例,随机分成对照组与试验组,对照组33例行单纯MIE治疗,试验组30例行术前放化疗联合MIE治疗,遵循意向性处理原则,对其手术质量及围术期状况进行对比评价.结果 对照组与试验组中转开胸率分别是6.1％与3.3％;R0切除率分别是97.0％与93.3％;两组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).试验组除胸部手术时间较对照组显著延长外(P=0.018),其余各项指标包括总手术时间、失血量、正常结构的暴露与保护、清扫淋巴结数目两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).试验组总体并发症发生率50.0％,较对照组(39.4％)略高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 术前放化疗虽略增加了MIE的手术难度,但对原发灶及淋巴结的根治性切除影响不大,围术期并发症增加不明显,因此术前放化疗后MIE安全可行.     

腔镜食管癌根治术在食管癌治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨腔镜食管癌根治术的安全性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2012年4月福建省肿瘤医院298例行腔镜辅助食管癌根治术患者的临床资料。结果297例在腔镜辅助下成功完成手术,1例中转开腹。手术用时（242．3±58．7）min,术后住院时间（17．4±9．8）d。淋巴结清扫总数（27．5±12．2）枚／例,其中纵隔、腹腔及颈部淋巴结清扫数目分别为（10．7±5．7）、（13．3±7．8）及（7．7±8．1）枚／例。89例（29．9％）出现手术相关并发症,其中肺部感染41例,术后声嘶25例,吻合口瘘9例,切口感染7例,其他7例。术后经2～47个月的随访,3例患者出现吻合口狭窄,其余进食及生活质量良好。结论腔镜辅助胸食管癌根治术是安全、微创、有效的手术方法。     

A case of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus with long-term survival

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is uncommon, and its prognosis is poor compared to that of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Here we describe a case of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus with a long-term survival. A 52-year-old woman received an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and an upper gastrointestinal series for a dull back pain and dysphagia. A pigmented polypoid tumor in the esophagus was discovered and diagnosed pathologically as a malignant melanoma on the biopsied specimen. After effective chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP), the patient underwent surgical operation. A subtotal esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection was performed through a right thoracotomy. No distant metastasis including liver and lung was found, and histopathological examination revealed no lymph node metastasis. Postoperatively, six courses of chemotherapy with CDDP were performed. The patient has been alive without any problems for more than 11 years postoperatively.     

经裂孔胸腔外食管切除术

１１例经裂孔胸腔外食管切除术，其中食管下段癌７例，上胸段癌２例，贲门癌２例。切除标本病理检查上下切端均呈阴性。本组无手术死亡，仅１例发生颈部吻合口瘘，手术结果满意。作者讨论了该术式的适应证及优点。文献中食管血供的基础研究证实了其安全性。作者认为术前常规ＣＴ检查是选择此术式的必要方法。     

A decade of experience with transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy

BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality remain significant for transthoracic (TT) and transhiatal (TH) esophagectomy. We report a case-specific approach employing either resection to minimize perioperative morbidity and mortality. METHODS: All primary esophageal resections performed for benign and malignant esophageal disease were reviewed over a 10-year period. The operative approach was tailored to the location and extent of disease and the physiologic reserve of the patient. RESULTS: In all, 115 patients underwent esophagectomy for benign (25) and malignant (90) disease. Fifty-six TT and 59 TH resections were performed. Four emergent TT cases did not have reconstruction. There was 1 hospital mortality. Perioperative transfusion was avoided in 65 patients. Respiratory complications occurred in 15. Three patients had a cervical anastomotic leak requiring open wound drainage. No association between resection type and complication was evident. CONCLUSIONS: The judicious use of both TT and TH esophagectomy resulted in an operative mortality of less than 1%, reduced operative blood loss, and a relatively low rate of perioperative complications.     

胃浆肌层下插入式食管胃吻合术

食管癌手术后吻合口瘘是一严重的并发症。人们为降低吻合口瘘而设计了各种各样的吻合术式。笔者研究设计了一种新的食管胃吻合术式:胃浆肌层下插入式食管胃吻合术,其操作简单易行,可靠性强,临床应用于50例,无一发生吻合口瘘,无手术死亡率。     

食管癌术后吻合口瘘：（附38例报告）

本文总结了我院31年间胸科540例食管癌切除术后并发吻合口瘘38例的临床总结分析,发生率为7％,治愈好转28例,占73.6％,提出了吻合口痿的发生原因,在中晚期吻合口瘘中提出保守治疗的措施,充分引流是治疗的关健,营养疗法是治疗的基础。另外也提出早期吻合口瘘二次进胸再次吻合。总之,精细吻合技巧,熟练轻柔的操作,防止术中污染、纠正术前的营养不良状态,严格遵守组织愈合的理论原则,是预防吻合口痿的重要因素。     

Increased risk of cholelithiasis after esophagectomy

Background/Purpose Truncal vagotomy enhances gallstone formation. As esophagectomy involves truncal vagotomy, it was hypothesized that esophagectomy would increase the risk of cholelithiasis. This study was intended to test this hypothesis and to elucidate factors influencing the incidence of cholelithiasis after esophagectomy.Methods The study was a retrospective analysis of 136 patients with esophageal carcinoma who had survived for 5 years or longer after esophagectomy. Eight patients (5.9%) had cholelithiasis before esophagectomy. Of the remaining 128 patients, 113 underwent abdominal ultrasonographic examination for cholelithiasis twice a year after esophagectomy; the median follow-up time was 89.5 months (range, 60–117 months).Results Gallstones developed in 26 (23%) of the 113 patients undergoing regular ultrasonographic examination. The cumulative incidence of cholelithiasis reached a plateau of 34% at 10 years after esophagectomy. Reduction of body mass index after esophagectomy was the strongest independent predictor of gallstone formation after esophagectomy (P = 0.0001, log-rank test; P = 0.0003, Coxs proportional hazards model). The prevalence of cholelithiasis at 5 years after esophagectomy (18/113; 16%) was significantly higher than that before esophagectomy (8/136; 5.9%; P = 0.012, Fishers exact test).Conclusions Esophagectomy yields an increased risk of the development of cholelithiasis. Truncal vagotomy and postsurgical malnutrition may contribute to this increased gallstone formation after esophagectomy.