全文获取类型
收费全文 | 218160篇 |
免费 | 15044篇 |
国内免费 | 5795篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1663篇 |
儿科学 | 3168篇 |
妇产科学 | 3864篇 |
基础医学 | 32366篇 |
口腔科学 | 3948篇 |
临床医学 | 14519篇 |
内科学 | 29314篇 |
皮肤病学 | 2782篇 |
神经病学 | 13182篇 |
特种医学 | 7766篇 |
外国民族医学 | 6篇 |
外科学 | 16429篇 |
综合类 | 28652篇 |
现状与发展 | 28篇 |
一般理论 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 18295篇 |
眼科学 | 2569篇 |
药学 | 28630篇 |
56篇 | |
中国医学 | 13366篇 |
肿瘤学 | 18388篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 472篇 |
2023年 | 2863篇 |
2022年 | 6341篇 |
2021年 | 8567篇 |
2020年 | 7176篇 |
2019年 | 6892篇 |
2018年 | 6928篇 |
2017年 | 7653篇 |
2016年 | 7812篇 |
2015年 | 7619篇 |
2014年 | 8906篇 |
2013年 | 13372篇 |
2012年 | 10577篇 |
2011年 | 12870篇 |
2010年 | 8478篇 |
2009年 | 8684篇 |
2008年 | 10155篇 |
2007年 | 11178篇 |
2006年 | 10671篇 |
2005年 | 9893篇 |
2004年 | 8587篇 |
2003年 | 7671篇 |
2002年 | 6193篇 |
2001年 | 5549篇 |
2000年 | 4733篇 |
1999年 | 3988篇 |
1998年 | 3272篇 |
1997年 | 3278篇 |
1996年 | 3023篇 |
1995年 | 2674篇 |
1994年 | 2636篇 |
1993年 | 2137篇 |
1992年 | 2011篇 |
1991年 | 1813篇 |
1990年 | 1582篇 |
1989年 | 1302篇 |
1988年 | 1227篇 |
1987年 | 1049篇 |
1986年 | 990篇 |
1985年 | 1445篇 |
1984年 | 1165篇 |
1983年 | 819篇 |
1982年 | 858篇 |
1981年 | 715篇 |
1980年 | 697篇 |
1979年 | 549篇 |
1978年 | 358篇 |
1977年 | 298篇 |
1976年 | 279篇 |
1975年 | 199篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
52.
Benedita Sampaio-Maia Mónica Moreira-Rodrigues Paula Serr?o Manuel Pestana 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2006,21(2):314-323
BACKGROUND: A primary tubular sodium handling abnormality has been implicated in the edema formation of nephrotic syndrome. Dopamine synthesized by renal proximal tubules behaves as an endogenous natriuretic hormone by activating D(1)-like receptors as a paracrine/autocrine substance. METHODS: We examined the time courses of the urinary excretion of sodium, protein and dopamine in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-treated and control rats. The rats were sacrificed during greatest sodium retention (day 7) as well as during negative sodium balance (day 14) for the evaluation of renal aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activity, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of renal dopamine. Also, the influence of volume expansion (VE) and the effects of the D(1)-like agonist fenoldopam (10 microg/kg bw/min) on natriuresis and on proximal tubular Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity were examined on day 7. RESULTS: The daily urinary excretion of dopamine was decreased in PAN-treated rats, from day 5 and beyond. This was accompanied by a marked decrease in the renal AADC activity, on days 7 and 14. During VE, the fenoldopam-induced decrease in proximal tubular Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was more pronounced in PAN-treated rats than in controls. However, the urinary sodium excretion during fenoldopam infusion was markedly increased in control rats but was not altered in PAN-treated animals. CONCLUSION: PAN nephrosis is associated with a blunted renal dopaminergic system activity which may contribute to enhance the proximal tubular Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. However, the lack of renal dopamine appears not to be related with the overall renal sodium retention in a state of proteinuria. 相似文献
53.
MPO和NAT2基因多态性与成人急性白血病易感性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的研究髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和N-乙酰基转移酶2(NAT2)基因多态性与成人急性白血病易感性的关系.方法用1∶1配对病例-对照研究方法,收集成人急性白血病患者和对照各139例,应用聚合酶链-内切酶片段(PCR-RFLP)方法分析病例组和对照组MPO和NAT2的基因多态性,比较不同基因型与成人急性白血病易感性.结果 MPO-463A等位基因分布频率病例组低于对照组,MPO(G-463A)各基因型在病例组与对照组中的分布差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7.026,P〈0.05,OR=0.505,95%CI=0.325~0.847).NAT2乙酰化表型频率在病例组与对照组的分布差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.260,P〉0.05);但NAT2*5 481T等位基因和NAT2*6 590A等位基因分布频率病例组高于对照组(P〈0.05).结论 MPO与成人急性白血病易感性相关,携带MPO(G-463A)突变基因型(GA/AA)个体可降低白血病的发病风险;NAT2乙酰化表型可能与白血病的易感性无关,但NAT2*5(C481T)、NAT2*6(G590A)单核苷酸突变频率病例组明显高于对照组. 相似文献
54.
Keiichiro Kume Masahiro Yamasaki Ichiro Yoshikawa Makoto Otsuki 《Digestive endoscopy》2006,18(3):218-220
Background: Although bleeding is an unavoidable complication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic hemostasis using an insulation‐tipped electrosurgical knife (IT) knife is impossible because an insulator is mounted at the tip of the knife. We have developed a new type of hood which could perform both coagulation and irrigation simultaneously. Methods: Our new device was fabricated by drilling a side hole in the cap portion of a conventional transparent hood followed by attaching a machined papillotomy knife to the exterior surface of the hole. Results: Our new hood was useful for hemorrhage during ESD using IT knife. Conclusions: With this method, endoscopic hemostasis using IT knife is easy, as hemostatic procedure can be performed under irrigation and coagulation using conventional endoscopy. 相似文献
55.
P Avalos-Peralta† A Herrera† JJ Ríos-Martín‡ AM Pérez-Bernal† D Moreno-Ramírez† F Camacho† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2006,20(1):79-83
We report the case of a patient with a 13-year history of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) treated with immunosuppressive agents, prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil who had developed lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) on a sole plaque of PV that had been previously treated with intralesional injections of steroids. The lesions were surgically removed and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) DNA. There were neither recurrences nor later dissemination of KS following gradual decrease of the immunosuppressive therapy. We suggest that the treatment with intralesional steroids may have influenced the local reactivation of a latent infection of the virus, determining the appearance of this localized KS. 相似文献
56.
目的探讨衰老对大鼠阴茎组织结构、NO(nitric oxide)-cGMP(cvclic Guanosine Monophosphate)通路及端粒酶活性的影响作用。方法本课题以不同月龄大鼠阴茎组织及培养的平滑肌细胞为研究对象,检测不同月龄大鼠阴茎组织中NO量、NOS(Nitric Oxide Synthase)活性、cGMP量、端粒酶活性及海绵体结构的变化,并比较大鼠、人阴茎组织及大鼠原代海绵体平滑肌细胞的端粒酶活性。结果(1)大鼠阴茎组织中NO量、NOS活性均先升高后降低,各月龄组间有显著差异。阴茎组织cGMP含量逐渐降低,各月龄组间差别显著;(2)随龄增加,平滑肌纤维逐渐减少,胶原纤维增多,粗大成团,窦状隙变少、变窄:(3)大鼠阴茎组织端粒酶活性以2月龄活性最高,随龄增加逐渐下降。人阴茎组织中无端粒酶活性。结论(1)衰老对大鼠阴茎组织结构、NO.cGMP通路及端粒酶活性有显著影响,提示衰老与ED关系密切;(2)大鼠阴茎组织有端粒酶活性,可作为研究细胞衰老与ED关系有关端粒酶的模型。 相似文献
57.
体重指数分级标准应用方法的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨按照体重指数分级标准计算出的体重值应用表的实用价值。方法将身高作为选定变量,其变量值间距为1 cm,按照体重指数分级标准上、下限值,分别乘以身高2(m2),即求出相对应的体重(kg),依此制成应用表。判定时依据身高和实测的体重,对照应用表得出其体重指数分级范围。结果制成并列出以体重值查对其相对应危险值应用表。结论本查对表适用于大规模的预防性健康体检。在人体生长发育阶段能做到自身动态监测,对早期预防肥胖症具有积极作用。 相似文献
58.
A. Al Tahan S. Arora A. Alzeer F. Al Tahan T. Malabarey A. Daif 《European journal of neurology》1997,4(1):52-58
The diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is frequently missed or delayed with consequent delay in instituting therapy in the crucial phase of the illness. The role of MRI in the diagnosis of ADEM is well established, however, the value of its early utilization of treatment on the outcome of patients has not been adequately stressed. Three patients with ADEM are described. Delay in the diagnosis of the first was associated with severe sequelae, while in the other two early diagnosis and institution of corticosteroid therapy which was facilitated by MRI, was associated with a better outcome. MRI should be carried out early once the diagosis of ADEM is entertained. 相似文献
59.
B. A. Johnson Donald R. Jasinski Gantt P. Galloway Henry Kranzler Robert Weinreib Raymond F. Anton Barbara J. Mason Michael J. Bohn Helen M. Pettinati Richard Rawson Christopher Clyde 《Psychopharmacology》1996,128(2):206-215
Four hundred and twenty-three alcohol dependent subjects were enrolled into a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
study to determine the safety and efficacy of the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ritanserin (2.5 mg/day or 5 mg/day), in reducing alcohol intake and craving. All subjects received 1
week of single-blind placebo prior to randomization into the 11-week double-blind phase. Additionally, all subjects received
weekly individual sessions of manual-guided cognitive-behavioral therapy. Comparing the single-blind period with endpoint,
there was approximately a 23% reduction in drinks/day; 34% fall in the total number of drinking days/week; 22% decrease in
drinks/drinking day; and a 37% diminution in alcohol craving for all treatment groups. All treatment groups experienced a
beneficial clinical outcome as assessed by the Clinical Global Impression Scale. There was, however, no significant difference
between treatment groups on any of these measures of alcohol drinking, craving, or clinical outcome. Subjects were of relatively
high social functioning at baseline, and this did not change significantly during treatment. Treatment groups did not differ
significantly on either medication compliance or reported adverse events. Ritanserin treatment was associated with a dose-related
prolongation of subjects’ QTc interval recording on the electrocardiogram. These results suggest that alcohol dependent subjects
can show marked clinical improvement within a structured alcohol treatment program. These findings do not support an important
role for ritanserin in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
Received: 30 April 1996/Final version: 3 July 1996 相似文献
60.
Role of intracortical mechanisms in the late part of the silent period to transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
J.P. Brasil-Neto A. Cammarota J. Valls-Solé A. Pascual-Leone M. Hallett L. G. Cohen 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》1995,92(5):383-386
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) of the human motor cortex produce a silent period (SP) following motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The early part of the SP can be explained by decreased alpha motor neuron excitability, whereas the late part is presumably due to suprasegmental mechanisms. In order to determine the level of the suprasegmental contribution to the generation of SPs, we recorded excitatory and inhibitory responses to TMS, TES, and percutaneous electrical brainstem stimulation (PBS) in the voluntarily activated first dorsal interosseous muscle of the hand. Stimulus intensities were set so that PBS and TES induced MEPs with areas equal to or larger than those of MEPs obtained with TMS. This procedure revealed that SPs were 49% and 83% shorter with TES and PBS, respectively, than with TMS. As TMS is more effective than TES or PBS in activating cortical interneurons, these findings support the idea that a significant component of the SP arises from intracortical mechanisms. 相似文献