Acute optic neuritis: a virological study in relation to multiple sclerosis.

Previous ultrastructural examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed the presence of intranuclear filamentous structures in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in some optic neuritis (ON) patients. The present investigation was undertaken in the attempt to correlate the presence of such structures with the etiology of ON and MS and possibly to demonstrate the viral origin of the filaments. Suitable virological and serological techniques were used to detect and isolate infectious agents from peripheral blood samples and body excretions of 12 monosymptomatic ON patients at their first acute attack. Nevertheless, any efforts to demonstrate the presence of a virus in these patients have been unsuccessful: no evidence of active viral infection was obtained by serological studies of serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples, nor could viral antigens or inclusions be observed by immunofluorescence and cytochemical analysis. Negative results were also obtained from studies performed in parallel on MS patients and various controls. The significance of the failure to isolate infectious agents from either ON and MS patients is discussed.     

重组促红细胞生成素对血透患者NO的影响研究

目的 :探讨基因重组促红细胞生成素 (rHuEpo)对维持性血透患者血管活性介质一氧化氮 (NO)的影响。方法 :将长期规律性血透尿毒症患者 80例分为血液透析应用rHuEpo者 (HDepo组n =4 3例 ) ,血液透析不应用rHuEpo者 (HD组n =37例 ) ,根据血压情况两组再分为HDepo高血压亚组 (HDepo - 1组 ,n =2 3)、HDe po血压正常亚组 (HDepo - 2组 ,n =2 0 )和HD高血压亚组 (HD - 1组 ,n =19)、HD血压正常亚组 (HD - 2组 ,n =18)。另选尿毒症未透析患者 2 0例 (NHD组 )、原发性高血压患者 2 0例、健康对照组 35例 (CON组 )。HDepo组患者均接受rHuEpo治疗 3个月以上 ,用比色法测定血NO水平。结果 :尿毒症未透析患者血清NO水平明显高于正常对照组 ,p <0 0 0 1;尿毒症透析患者血清NO浓度较正常对照组高 ,p <0 0 0 1,但经透析治疗的尿毒症患者与尿毒症未透析者比较 ,血清NO水平较未透析者低 ,p <0 0 5 ;HDepo组经rHuEpo治疗三月后血NO浓度下降 ,与用药前及对照组比较 ,p<0 0 0 1,p <0 0 5。且用rHuEpo治疗后 ,HDepo组收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压均较HD组高 ,p <0 0 0 1,血压增高与NO浓度的降低有相关性。结论 :rHuEpo可使尿毒症透析患者血NO浓度降低 ,rHuEpo致高血压与血NO浓度降低有一定的关系     

Effects of aerobic exercise conditioning at intensities corresponding to lactate threshold in the elderly

Summary In this study we attempted to determine the effects of exercise training at the intensity corresponding to lactate threshold (Th_la ^–) on various health-related variables in sedentary but apparently healthy elderly subjects. Six men and five women volunteers [mean age 68.9 (SD 3.4) years] performed supervised endurance-type training on stationary cycle ergometers for 30 min and recreational activities for 30 min, 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Four men and four women served as the control group [68.8 (SD 4.4) years]. As a result of the training programme, statistically significant increases in maximal oxygen consumption (10%), oxygen consumption at Th_la ^–(18%), distance covered in 12-min walk, side step, and leg extensor power were found in the training group, while no changes occurred in the control group. The changes in serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations from the pre- to post-training period were statistically significant. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained unchanged, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to decrease following the training programme. These data would indicate that exercise training at the intensity corresponding to Th_la ^–may have favourable effects on overall physical fitness and some serum lipid variables in older individuals.     

Comparison of antibody responses to hen's egg and cow's milk proteins in orally sensitized rats and food-allergic patients

BACKGROUND: No adequate enteral sensitization models are available to study food allergy and the allergenicity of food proteins. To further validate an enteral brown Norway (BN) rat sensitization model under development, we studied specific protein recognition to determine whether a comparable pattern of proteins is recognized by the rat immune system and the human immune system. METHODS: The animals were exposed to either ovalbumin as a positive reference control, hen's egg-white-protein extract, or a cow's milk preparation by daily gavage dosing (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, or 15 mg protein per rat/day) for 9 weeks. No adjuvants were used during the sensitization studies. The specificities of antibodies against hen's egg-white proteins or cow's-milk proteins in sera from orally sensitized rats and food-allergic patients were studied and compared by immunoblotting. RESULTS: The IgG and IgE antibodies to hen's egg-white proteins and cow's-milk proteins present in sera from orally sensitized rats and food-allergic patients showed a comparable pattern of protein recognition. CONCLUSIONS: Upon daily intragastric exposure to food allergens, the specificities of the induced antibody responses in the BN rat resemble those found in food-allergic patients. These studies add further support to the hypothesis that the BN rat may provide a suitable animal model for food allergy research and research on the allergenicity of food proteins.     

睡眠信念与态度量表在失眠患者健康教育中的应用

目的: 采用睡眠个人信念与态度量表探索患者睡眠障碍与哪些歪曲的信念有关,针对歪曲的信念进行睡眠实践教育,达到促进睡眠的目的.方法: 连续收集62例以失眠为主诉的患者,随机分成试验组与对照组,各31例,两组均在药物治疗及心理治疗基础上进行睡眠健康教育.试验组针对患者自身存在的歪曲信念态度进行健康教育,而对照组只进行常规的健康宣教.入组前及入组后每周,应用睡眠个人信念与态度量表(Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale,DBAS)、匹茨堡睡眠指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)对两组进行测评,同时让患者评价睡眠时间、睡眠质量、睡眠效果和对健康教育接受程度.结果: 健康教育4周后试验组和对照组DBAS得分均高于人组时[(111.0±8.7)vs.(88.9±12.3)、(93.5±17.2)vs.(81.3±19.2),P:0.001、0.010],而PSQI得分均低于入组时[(5.5±2.1)vs.(10.9±4.4)、(9.0 ±2.1)vs.(11.5±3.6),均P=0.001];健康教育4周后对照组的DBAS得分低于实验组,而PSQI得分高于实验组.健康教育后试验组对睡眠时间、睡眠质量、睡眠效果满意的比例均明显提高,睡眠时间满意的比例由18/31到30/31,对睡眠质量满意比例由8/31变为23/31,对睡眠效果满意比例由8/31到21/31(均P＜0.05).试验组对睡眠时间满意的比例明显高于对照组(30/31 vs.14/31,P＜0.01),对健康教育的接受程度也明显高于对照组(18/31 vs.5/31,P＜0.05).结论: 试验组健康教育后患者的睡眠信念有了明显的改善,睡眠质量有了提高.     

农村老年人心理健康状况的调查分析

随着经济的发展和社会的进步 ,人口老龄化已经成为当今世界人口发展的一种必然趋势。因此 ,老龄问题日益受到关注。研究老年人的心理健康状况及其影响因素对如何提高老年人的生活质量具有重要的指导意义。国内已有一些学者对老年人的心理健康状况进行了研究[1- 7] ,但研究的对象主要是城市老年人 ,关于农村老年人的心理健康状况的研究极少。因此 ,本文想就这一问题作些探讨。1　对象与方法1.1　对象在湖州市所辖三县三区各抽取 9个行政村 ,每个行政村随机抽取 13～ 14个年龄在 6 0岁以上 (包括 6 0岁 )的老年农民进行调查 ,其中有 16人资料…     

Phenomenology and family history in DSM-III psychotic depression

Depressed inpatients with psychotic features were compared to those without them in terms of demographic features, depressive symptoms at intake and family history. These variables were then used to compare patients with mood-congruent psychotic features to those with mood-incongruent psychotic features. Patterns of familial psychopathology were similar for psychotic and non-psychotic patients. In accord with other studies, the families of mood-incongruent patients had slightly more schizophrenia and significantly less depression than did the families of mood-congruent patients. Depressive symptoms, particularly those used to define major depression and melancholia, were more severe in psychotic patients. Moreover, these particular depressive symptoms were more likely to distinguish mood-congruent from mood-incongruent patients than were other depressive symptoms. Thus mood-congruent psychotic features accompanied a more typical depressive syndrome than did mood-incongruent psychotic features.     

The significance of blood cultures positive for emerging saprophytic moulds in cancer patients

The significance of blood cultures positive for emerging saprophytic moulds (e.g., Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium prolificans, Paecilomyces spp.) was evaluated in 30 cancer patients (1996-2002). Diagnostic criteria proposed previously for evaluation of aspergillaemia were used. Blood cultures positive for emerging saprophytic moulds represented 1% of all positive fungal cultures. One case of catheter-related fungaemia was excluded. The remaining 29 cases consisted of true (n = 5), probable (n = 1), indeterminate (n = 7) fungaemia, and contamination (n = 16). True fungaemia was seen only in leukaemia patients and allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. S. apiospermum and S. prolificans were the commonest causes of true fungaemia.     

Hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients in southern Sweden: Epidemiological,clinical, and diagnostic aspects

A prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies of 12% was found in 276 patients from 11 dialysis units. Between zero and 22% of the patients in the different units were anti-HCV positive. The epidemiology of HCV was studied in two units during a 2 year period by antibody assays and the polymerase chain reaction and correlated with clinical manifestations. Two types of epidemiologic patterns were found that may explain the wide difference of HCV prevalence described in different dialysis units. In one unit there was no evidence of spread within the unit, and the prevalence of HCV was dependent on the status of the patients entering for treatment. In the other unit, a clustering of infected patients could be seen in which 13 of 36 were infected during a 3 year period. Some patients who had not received blood transfusions were among the infected. Hepatitis C infection was the most common explanation for repeated abnormal transferase levels. Most of the HCV-infected patients reacted both for anti-HCV and HCV RNA. HCV RNA was in general detected earlier than anti-HCV seroconversion. Among 20 HCV RNApositive serum samples that were anti-HCV ELISA-positive 18 had indeterminate and two negative reactions by immunoblot (RIBA 2). Thus the RIBA 2 test should be used with caution as a confirmatory antibody test in this group of patients. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Intravenous and intramuscular pharmacokinetics of recombinant leukocyte a interferon

Summary Interferon is currently being evaluated for the treatment of disseminated cancer and viral diseases. Alpha interferons have shown to be effective in the treatment of a number of malignancies. Recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-A) is an alpha interferon produced by recombinant DNA techniques. A kinetic evaluation of rIFN-A following intravenous and intramuscular administration has not been adequately defined. The present study was designed to evaluate the kinetics of rIFN-A following intravenous and intramuscular administration of 3, 9 or 18×10⁶ units to patients with disseminated cancer.A preliminary report of this study was presented at the meeting of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics in San Diego, March 1983 (1).