基于肿瘤临床前模型建立头颈癌新型药物基因组学的必要性及展望

头颈癌是全球第七大恶性肿瘤类型,超过60％患者初次确诊即为中晚期.靶向治疗和免疫治疗的发展已经显著推动了头颈癌治疗策略的转型,但是临床获益有待进一步提升.肿瘤临床前模型保留了患者肿瘤的基因和表型的异质性,已广泛应用于临床前药物筛选和验证体系.药物基因组学通过将基因组学和药物响应进行匹配,能够基于肿瘤异质性基础进行患者分...     

Endoscopic Treatment of Superficial Gastric Cancer: Present Status and Future

Although the mortality rates of gastric cancer (GC) are gradually declining, gastric cancer is still the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This may be due to the high rate of patients who are diagnosed with GC at advanced stages. However, in countries such as Japan with endoscopic screening systems, more than half of GCs are discovered at an early stage, enabling endoscopic resection (ER). Especially after the introduction of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in Japan around 2000, a high en bloc resection rate allowing pathological assessment of margin and depth has become possible. While ER is a diagnostic method of treatment and may not always be curative, it is widely accepted as standard treatment because it is less invasive than surgery and can provide an accurate diagnosis for deciding whether additional surgery is necessary. The curability of ER is currently assessed by the completeness of primary tumor removal and the possibility of lymph node metastasis. This review introduces methods, indications, and curability criteria for ER of EGC. Despite recent advances, several problems remain unsolved. This review will also outline the latest evidence concerning future issues.     

Racial and Ethnic Healthcare Disparities in Skin Cancer in the United States: A Review of Existing Inequities,Contributing Factors,and Potential Solutions

Objective Racial and ethnic health disparities affect the diagnosis and management of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers, leading to deleterious outcomes. Non-Hispanic White patients make up the majority of skin cancers cases, yet racial and ethnic minorities have poorer prognoses and outcomes. The skin cancer literature is fragmented with regards to potential contributors to these healthcare disparities. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the skin cancer literature to briefly quantify racial and ethnic inequities, highlight contributing factors, and propose practical changes that can be made.MethodsA PubMed search was completed to identify articles related to racial and ethnic health care disparities in the context of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.ResultsRelative to non-Hispanic White patients, patients of racial and ethnic minorities have differing clinical presentations of skin cancers and genetic risk factors. Insurance, access to specialty care, cultural beliefs, and available educational resources further contribute to racial and ethnic disparities.LimitationsWe are limited to the level of detail provided in the existing literature, and at some times are unable to distinguish race of Hispanic populations. We also acknowledge that there are different nationalities grouped under these broad labels as well as multi-racial populations that may not be accounted for.ConclusionAwareness of and familiarization with innate factors and potentially more modifiable contributors can help inform efforts to close the observed gap in racial and ethnic inequities.     

Safe Concurrent Use of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs and Pembrolizumab in a Patient with Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Who Was Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A 68-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma stage IVB. We introduced a first-line chemotherapy of four cycles of carboplatin and pemetrexed and pembrolizumab, followed by pemetrexed and pembrolizumab maintenance therapy. Approximately four months after anticancer therapy, a small nodule appeared in the right peripheral S3 lesion. After five months, the nodule was confirmed as a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) nodule. We initiated anti-TB therapy without stopping pembrolizumab, and the right S3 nodule shrank immediately. This report supports the concurrent use of anti-TB treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor when the TB infection area is limited.     

Needle position during (125)I seed implantation: accurately recognized by sagittal transrectal ultrasonography [corrected

Purpose  The aim of this study was to assess the variation of probe rotation angles for detecting a single needle using sagittal images of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Materials and methods  A phantom study was performed. One needle was inserted through each of 10 holes of the template, and variations in the probe rotation angles for detecting the needle were measured. Results  The mean variation of probe rotation for detecting a single needle was 17.0° (range 4°–25°). Slightly broader variation was seen for the needle in holes farther away from the probe. Conclusion  Probe rotation angles for detecting a single needle displayed considerable variation. Seed locations recognized on sagittal imaging by TRUS are thus indeterminate, and real-time dose calculations using TRUS for ¹²⁵I seed implantation should be used with care.     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂LBH589抑制基底样乳腺癌生长和转移

目的：探究组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂LBH589对基底样乳腺癌（BLBC）生长和转移的抑制作用。方法：通过MTT法和平板克隆实验检测LBH589对人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231和小鼠乳腺癌细胞系4T1增殖能力的影响;Transwell实验检测LBH589对细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响;实时荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹实验检测LBH589对细胞上皮-间质转化的作用;构建4T1乳腺癌细胞Balb/c小鼠脂肪垫成瘤模型,腹腔注射LBH589,观察4T1细胞成瘤和转移能力。结果：体外实验结果显示,与对照组相比,LBH589显著抑制MDA-MB-231和4T1细胞的增殖能力（t=11.37,P<0.05;t=18.18,P<0.05）、克隆形成能力（t=7.76,P<0.05;t=15.22,P<0.05）、迁移（t=8.8,P<0.05;t=18.0,P<0.05）和侵袭能力（t=8.24,P<0.05;t=15.99,P<0.05）;与对照组相比,LBH589上调细胞的上皮标志物CDH1的mRNA(t=7.33,P<0.05)表达水平,抑制细胞的...     

替吉奥联合奥沙利铂对比替吉奥联合顺铂治疗晚期胃癌的Meta分析

目的评价替吉奥联合奥沙利铂（SOX方案）对比替吉奥联合顺铂（SP方案）治疗晚期胃癌（AGC）的疗效及安全性。 方法在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库中检索2022年7月前公开发表的有关替吉奥联合奥沙利铂（SOX组）对比替吉奥联合顺铂（SP组）治疗AGC的相关研究,按照Cochrane Handbook 5.1的临床试验质量评价标准对文献进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。 结果共有14篇2 650例AGC患者纳入研究,其中SOX组1 334例,SP组1 316例。与SP组比较,SOX组的总生存期（HR=0.87,95% CI：0.78~0.97,P=0.01）、无进展生存期（HR=0.87,95% CI：0.78~0.97,P=0.01）、完全缓解（OR=1.43,95% CI：1.02~2.00,P=0.04）、部分缓解（OR=1.64,95% CI：1.18~2.29,P=0.003）、疾病进展（OR=0.55,95% CI：0.34~0.87,P=0.01）、疾病控制率（OR=1.64,95% CI：1.04~2.56,P=0.03）和疾病稳定（OR=0.67,95% CI：0.53~0.83,P=0.000 4）方面比较,差异均有统计学意义,而两组客观有效率差异无统计学意义（OR=1.57,95% CI：0.85~2.90,P=0.15）。安全性方面,3级及以上不良反应中,SOX组白细胞减少（OR=0.20,95% CI：0.13~0.30,P<0.000 01）、贫血（OR=0.52,95% CI：0.32~0.86,P=0.01）、肌酐升高（OR=0.21,95% CI：0.07~0.61,P=0.004）的发生率更低,而周围感觉神经病（OR=10.64,95% CI：1.85~61.10,P=0.008）的发生率更高。 结论SOX方案可提高AGC的治疗有效率,改善无进展生存期和总生存期,但可能增加周围感觉神经病的发生率。     

化疗解救上腔静脉压迫综合症的近期疗效观察

目的回顾性分析化疗治疗上腔静脉压迫综合症的近期疗效.方法32例上腔静脉压迫综合症在吸氧、抗炎、利尿、激素治疗的基础上,采用化疗解救,以CHOP方案治疗18例,紫杉醇 卡铂方案治疗11例,足叶乙甙 卡铂治疗3例.结果32例中淋巴瘤18例,占56.2%,肺癌14例,占43.8%,化疗后1周评价疗效有效率达93.8%(30/32),仅2例(6.2%)无效.结论对于上腔静脉压迫综合症无论是肺癌还是淋巴瘤,在基础治疗上首选化疗进行解救值得临床推广.     

Therapeutic Evaluation on Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Treated by Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine──Clinical Analysis of 56 Cases

Objective: In comparison with chemotherapy, to evaluate therapeutic effects on advanced pancreatic cancer treated by integrative Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) therapies. Methods: Based on the retrospective study of 56 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, life table was applied to the analysis of patients' survival rate and Xz test to the comparison of therapeutic response between ICWM and chemotherapy groups. Results: The results showed that 1-year survival rate in the ICWM group was 55. 37%±3.24%; 2-year survival rate 34. 61%±16. 31%; 3-year survival rate 25. 96%±24. 64%; 5-year survival rate 25. 96%±24.64%; and median survival period 16. 3 months. However 1-year survival rate in the chemotherapy group was 21. 95%±27. 54% ; 2-year survival rate 7. 31%±27. 54% ; 3-year survival rate 0 % ; and median survival period 7. 5 months. The therapeutic effects between two groups were significantly different (P=0. 004). Further analysis suggested that the reduction of cancer mass in the ICWM grou     

术后早期炎性肠梗阻的药物治疗进展

术后早期炎性肠梗阻往往不需要手术,通过药物治疗能恢复胃肠动力。本文综述了14种类药物。这些药物可以单独使用,也可以几种药物联合。为术后早期炎性肠梗阻的治疗开拓了新的研究方向,提供了极具潜力的应用前景。