EGF对小鼠角质形成细胞中组织型纤溶酶原激活剂表达的调节

目的 探讨小鼠表皮角质形成细胞（KC）中,EGF对组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA)表达的影响。方法 应用免疫组化及原位杂交技术, 结合图像分析,定性及定量检测在EGF作用下的小鼠表皮角质形成细胞中,tPA mRNA/蛋白质的表达。结果 小鼠表皮KC经EGF处理12、24、48、72h后,tPAmRNA/蛋白质的量均增加（P＜0．01）,tPAmRNA的表达的 高峰出现于EGF作用24h时,tPA蛋白质表达的高峰则出现于EGF作用48h时。EGF联合0．5、1．0、1．5mmol/L Ca^2 作用小鼠表皮KC48h,与EGF单独作用小鼠表皮KC48h时,tPAmRNAA／蛋白质的表达,均显著降低（P＜0．001）。结论 小鼠表皮KC中,EGF可以时间依赖方式促进 tPAmRNA／蛋白质的表达,但受Ca^2 浓度的影响。     

EGF、bFGF对兔自体穿透角膜移植伤口愈合的影响

目的 观察表皮生长因子（EGF）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）对自体家兔穿透性角膜移植（PKP）术后伤口愈合的影响。方法 利用家兔自体穿透性角膜移植模型,采用测量伤口愈合强度、液闪计数、AgNORs染色、VG染色和电镜等方法,观察家兔PKP术后伤口愈合情况。结果 （1）EGF、bFGF、EGF bFGF点眼均能增加伤口所能承受的极限压力和∧3H-TdR的掺入率。（2）bFGF和EGF bFGF点眼能刺激伤口处成纤维细胞及其所分泌的胶原纤维呈比较规则的排列。结论 （1）EGF、bFGF、EGF bFGF点眼均能增加PKP术后伤口愈合的强度,增加伤口愈合时DNA的合成。（2）术后14d以后EGF和bFGF联合点眼对伤口愈合的促进作用仅相当于单独用bFGF点眼的水平。（3）bFGF能提高PKP术后伤口愈合的质量。     

膀胱肿瘤患者中表皮生长因子水平临床意义

目的 :对 12 7例不同年龄结构的正常人群和 2 8例膀胱肿瘤患者尿中 EGF水平进行测定。 方法 :采用I1 2 5 - EGF的放射免疫法测定 EGF水平。 结果 :小儿组 (15例 ) EGF浓度 (31.19± 7.46 ) μg/L;正常人群组 (92例 )EGF浓度 (16 .5 2± 1.6 9)μg/L ;膀胱肿瘤组 (2 8例 ) EGF浓度 (14.6 4± 1.86 )μg/L ;前列腺增生组 (BPH,2 0例 ) EGF浓度 (7.91± 1.11)μg/L。膀胱肿瘤组与正常人群组比较有统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;年龄的变化也有统计学差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。 结论 :EGF与年龄有相关性 ;EGF是一个较可靠、灵敏的指标有助于膀胱肿瘤的早期诊断     

Specific inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase by 4-anilinoquinazolines

Summary Since the mitogenic action of EGF is mediated by ligand-induced autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor (EGFR), and EGFR is commonly overexpressed in solid human tumours, inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase activity (RTK) could prove to be effective antitumour agents. Screening of a compound library using an EGF-RTK enzyme prepared from human tumour derived A431 cells identified a series of potent (IC₅₀<1µM) enzyme inhibitors. These inhibitors are quinazolines bearing a variety of substituted anilines at the 4-position. The most potent 4-anilinoquinazolines (IC₅₀ 20nM) have small non-polar meta substituents on the aniline ring, and are competitive with ATP and non-competitive with substrate. The growth inhibitory activity of these agents was assessed in vitro using KB cells (human oral squamous tumour) grown in the absence or presence of EGF. A selected compound, 4-(3-chloroanilino)quinazoline (CAQ), inhibited EGF-stimulated growth in a concentration dependent manner and complete blockade was observed at concentrations (1–10 µM) which had no effect on basal growth. Selectivity of growth inhibition by CAQ was further exemplified in IGF1-stimulated KB cells where no effect was detected at concentrations which completely blocked EGF-stimulated growth. Similarly, CAQ blocked TGF-stimulated growth in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells without affecting insulin-stimulated growth. These studies define a novel class of EGF-RTK inhibitors which are also potent and selective inhibitors of EGF-stimulated human tumour cell growthin vitro. Presented at the symposium "New Approaches in the Therapy of Breast Cancer", Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, October 1994, generously supported by an education grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb.     

The significance ofheregulin in breast cancer tumor progression and drug resistance

Summary TheerbB-2 receptor plays an important role in the prognosis of breast cancer and is expressed at high levels in nearly 30% of tumors in breast cancer patients. While evidence accumulates to support the relationship betweenerbB-2 overexpression and poor overall survival in human breast cancer, understanding of the biological consequence(s) oferbB-2 overexpression remains elusive. The discovery ofheregulin has allowed us to identify a number of related but distinct biological endpoints which appear responsive to signal transduction through theerbB-2/4 receptor. These endpoints of growth, invasiveness, and differentiation have clear implications for the emergence, maintenance, and/or control of malignancy, and represent established endpoints in the assessment of malignant progression in human breast cancer. Preliminary studiesin vitro have shown thatheregulin induces a biphasic growth effect on cells witherbB-2 overexpression. Interestingly, we observed that expression ofheregulin correlates with a more aggressive/invasive, vimentin-positive phenotype in breast cancer cells lines. Therefore, we have postulated thatheregulin is involved in breast cancer tumor progression. We have shown thatheregulin inducesin vitro chemoinvasion and chemotaxis of breast cancer cells as well as growth in an anchorage dependent and independent manner. Interestingly, aheregulin neutralizing antibody inhibits chemotaxis and results in cell growth inhibition and blockade of the invasive phenotype. Strikingly, genetically engineered cells which constitutively expressheregulin demonstrate critical phenotypic changes that are associated with a more aggressive phenotype. Specifically, these cells are no longer dependent on estrogen for growth and are resistant to tamoxifenin vitro andin vivo, and moreover these cells metastasize to lymph nodes in athymic nude mice. These tumors appear to have lostbcl-2 expression as compared with the control tumors. In addition, presumably by activation/regulation of topoisomerase II, theheregulin-transfected cells become exquisitely sensitive to doxorubicin and VP-16. Clearly, mechanistic aspects of theerbB-2/4 andheregulin interaction need to be understood from a therapeutic standpoint which could provide additional insights into synergistic treatments for certain patients, or improve treatment regimens for a large number of women. The study ofheregulin and its co-expression witherbB-2/4 receptor and the assessment of its involvement in the progression from the in situ stage of breast tumors to the invasive one will additionally increase the relevance ofheregulin as a prognostic/diagnostic factor. We believe that our studies provide new insights into breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.Presented at the symposium "New Approaches in the Therapy of Breast Cancer", Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, October 1994, generously supported by an education grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb.     

胃舒灵对慢性胃炎模型大鼠胃黏膜EGF和EGFR表达的影响

目的:观察胃舒灵(WSL)对慢性胃炎模型大鼠表皮生长因子(EGF)和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的影响,探讨其治疗慢性胃炎的作用机制.方法:将大鼠随机分成正常组(等容量蒸馏水)、模型组(等容量蒸馏水)、温胃舒颗粒组(3.60 g·kg-1)、胃舒灵低剂量组(0.56 g·kg-1),胃舒灵高剂量组(2.22 g·kg-1),后4组采用水杨酸钠复合法复制慢性胃炎模型.模型成功后用胃舒灵对实验性大鼠慢性胃炎进行治疗6周后,采用免疫组化法测定大鼠胃黏膜组织EGF和EGFR的变化.结果:胃舒灵(0.56,2.22 g·kg-1)能显著改善模型大鼠的症状,胃黏膜的病理及评分(P＜0.01),胃舒灵(0.56,2.22 g·kg-1)明显降低EGFR含量表达(P＜0.01),胃灵舒(0.56 g·kg-1)能降低EGF含量表达(P＜0.05).结论:胃舒灵具有良好的治疗慢性胃炎的作用,其机制与下调慢性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜表皮生长因子含量及表皮生长因子受体有关.     

Cancer chemoprevention by tea polyphenols through modulating signal transduction pathways

The action mechanisms of several chemopreventive agents derived from herbal medicine and edible plants have become attractive issues in cancer research. Tea is the most widely consumed beverage worldwide. Recently, the cancer chemopreventive actions of tea have been intensively investigated. It have been demonstrated that the active principles of tea were attributed to their tea polyphenols. Recently, tremendous progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by tea and tea polyphenols. The suppression of various tumor biomarkers including growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptor kinases, PI3K, phosphatases, ras, raf, MAPK cascades, N x FB, I x B kinase, PKA, PKB, PKC, c-jun, c-fos, c-myc, cdks, cyclins, and related transducing proteins by tea polyphenols has been studied in our laboratory and others. The I x B kinase (IKK) activity in LPS-activated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) was found to be inhibited by various tea polyphenols including (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), theaflavin (TF-1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF-2) and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF-3). TF-3 inhibited IKK activity in activated macrophages more strongly than did the other tea polyphenols. TF-3 inhibited both IKK1 and IKK2 activity and prevented the degradation of I x B x and I x B x in activated macrophage cells. The results suggested that the inhibition of IKK activity by TF-3 and other tea polyphenols could occur by a direct effect on IKKs or on upstream events in the signal transduction pathway. TF-3 and other tea polyphenols blocked phosphorylation of IB from the cytosolic fraction, inhibited NFB activity and inhibited increases in inducible nitric oxide synthase levels in activated macrophage. TF-3 and other tea polyphenols also inhibited strongly the activities of xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C. These results suggest that TF-3 and other tea polyphenols may exert their cancer chemoprevention through suppressing tumor promotion and inflammation by blocking signal transduction. The mechanisms of this inhibition may be due to the blockade of the mitogenic and differentiating signals through modulating EGFR function, MAPK cascades, NFkappaB activation as well as c-myc, c-jun and c-fos expression.     

Astrocytes in the damaged brain: Molecular and cellular insights into their reactive response and healing potential

Long considered merely a trophic and mechanical support to neurons, astrocytes have progressively taken the center stage as their ability to react to acute and chronic neurodegenerative situations became increasingly clear. Reactive astrogliosis starts when trigger molecules produced at the injury site drive astrocytes to leave their quiescent state and become activated. Distinctive morphological and biochemical features characterize this process (cell hypertrophy, upregulation of intermediate filaments, and increased cell proliferation). Moreover, reactive astrocytes migrate towards the injured area to constitute the glial scar, and release factors mediating the tissue inflammatory response and remodeling after lesion. A novel view of astrogliosis derives from the finding that subsets of reactive astrocytes can recapitulate stem cell/progenitor features after damage, fostering the concept of astroglia as a promising target for reparative therapies. But which biochemical/signaling pathways modulate astrogliosis with respect to both the time after injury and the type of damage? Are reactive astrocytes overall beneficial or detrimental for neuroprotection and tissue regeneration? This debate has been animating this research field for several years now, and an integrated view on the results obtained and the possible future perspectives is needed. With this Commentary article we have attempted to answer the above-mentioned questions by reviewing the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms controlling and sustaining the reaction of astroglia to injury and its stem cell-like properties. Moreover, the cellular/molecular mechanisms supporting the detrimental or beneficial features of astrogliosis have been scrutinized to gain insights on possible pharmacological approaches to enhance astrocyte neuroprotective activities.     

缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织细胞因子EGF mRNA的变化及通心络对其影响

目的:探讨表皮生长因子(EGF)mRNA在缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织的表达情况及通心络对其影响。方法:采用大鼠缺血/再灌注损伤(MCAO)模型并予通心络灌胃,应用逆转录集合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测缺血再灌注损伤后5、7、14、21、30天神经干细胞增殖分化相关细胞因子EGF mRNA的变化。结果:缺血再灌注模型组EGF mRNA在不同时间段均有表达,EGF mRNA在造模后第3天开始表达增强,第5天表达最高;给予通心络处理后第3天缺血侧EGF mRNA开始表达增强,第5、7、14、21、30天时PCR表达均高于缺血对照组。结论:大鼠脑缺血再灌注后缺血区脑组织细胞因子EGF mRNA表达增强,通心络可强化其反应,进而可能诱导神经干细胞增殖和分化。