E-钙黏附素在食管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨E-钙黏附素在食管癌中的表达及预后的影响,为临床选择治疗方案提供参考。方法采用免疫组化法检测食管鳞状细胞癌组织及癌旁正常食管组织中E-钙黏附素的表达。结果E-钙黏附素在29例食管癌组织中阳性率为51.7%,26例癌旁正常食管组织中阳性表达率为84.6%,两者比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.763,P〈0.05）。E-钙黏附素在食管癌组织中的表达与患者性别,肿瘤部位、大小、分化程度,差异无统计学意义,与肿瘤临床病理分期有统计学意义。结论食管鳞癌组织中E-钙黏附素呈低表达或不表达,与癌旁正常食管组织比较差异有统计学意义,与肿瘤临床病理分期有关（P〈0.05）,提示在肿瘤的发生发展过程中伴随着细胞间黏附作用的丧失。     

乳腺癌淋巴道转移潜能与癌细胞中钙粘素及金属蛋白酶的关系

背景及目的:目前尚缺少有效评价乳腺癌淋巴道转移潜能的理想指标。本研究旨在通过检测上皮性钙粘素(E-cadherin,E-Cad)、神经性钙粘素(N-cadherin,N-Cad)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrixmetalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)基因产物在乳腺癌组织中表达的情况来探讨它们与乳腺癌浸润和转移的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP方法检测E-Cad、N-Cad和MMP-9在72例乳腺浸润癌(其中淋巴结转移39例,无淋巴结转移33例)中的表达,并用多因素Cox比例风险模型分析患者的预后。结果:E-Cad表达在淋巴结转移组和无淋巴结转移组乳腺癌肿瘤细胞中的平均秩次分别为29.19,45.14,两组差异显著(P<0.001),E-Cad表达与乳腺癌转移呈负相关;N-Cad和MMP-9在淋巴结转移组乳腺癌细胞中的平均秩次分别为40.04和42.97;在无淋巴结转移组乳腺癌肿瘤细胞中的平均秩次分别为32.32和28.85。二者在淋巴结转移组与无淋巴结转移组的表达均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),与乳腺癌淋巴结转移呈正相关。E-Cad高表达者生存时间长。结论:乳腺癌的淋巴道转移与E-Cad、N-Cad和MMP-9的表达具有显著相关性,检测这几种蛋白表达将有助于判断乳腺癌的转移潜能及预后。     

E-Cadherin在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的　探讨上皮型钙粘蛋白 (E -Cadherin ,E -Cad)的表达与胃癌的分化、浸润、淋巴结转移的关系。方法　采用免疫组化S -P法和抗E -Cad抗体对 65例胃癌及正常胃粘膜上皮组织E -Cadherin表达进行研究。结果　早期胃癌及进展期胃癌组织中E -Cadherin表达阳性率分别为 85 7%、5 0 0 % ,正常胃粘膜上皮全部表达 ,E -Cadherin的表达与癌组织分化程度及淋巴结转移密切相关 (P <0 0 1) ,与浸润深度相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　上皮型钙粘蛋白表达对评估胃癌的浸润、转移具有重要意义 ,检测E -Cadherin可以作为判断胃癌预后的指标     

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and E-Cadherin in Human Ovarian Cancer: Association with Ascites Fluid Accumulation and Peritoneal Dissemination in Mouse Ascites Model

Ascites formation and peritoneal dissemination are critical problems in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as angiogenic growth factor, is a potent mediator of peritoneal fluid accumulation and angiogenesis of tumors. E-Cadherin is an adhesion molecule that is important for cell-to-cell interaction. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of ascites formation and peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer, we examined the expression of VEGF and E-cadherin in different ovarian cancer cell lines and utilized nude mice to compare the biological characteristics of ovarian cancer cells. Three human ovarian cancer cell lines (AMOC-2, HNOA and HTBOA) were used in this study. Expression of genes was analyzed by northern blotting and RT-PCR methods. AMOC-2 expressed E-cadherin, but not VEGF. HNOA expressed VEGF without E-cadherin expression. HTBOA expressed both VEGF and E-cadherin. Each human ovarian cancer model revealed a specific feature. The AMOC-2 mouse had a single large peritoneal tumor without ascites or remarkable peritoneal dissemination. HTBOA and HNOA mice had bloody ascites and marked peritoneal dissemination. Introduction of VEGF antisense into HTBOA cells could inhibit the ascites formation. It is suggested that VEGF is important for the ascites formation via the increased vascular permeability effect. The deregulation of E-cadherin expression might be involved in the peritoneal dissemination. These molecules are important for the formation of specific features of advanced ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cell lines that had different gene expression patterns produced nude mouse human ovarian cancer models with different characteristics.     

All-trans-retinoic Acid-dependent Inhibition of E-Cadherin-based Cell Adhesion with Concomitant Dephosphorylation of β-Catenin in Metastatic Human Renal Carcinoma Cells

We previously described an in vitro invasion assay model, using a monolayer of vascular endothelial cells grown on collagen gel, that mimics the metastatic abilities of the highly metastatic human renal carcinoma cell lines, MM-1,3 and 8 and their poorly metastatic counterparts, SN12C and Q-8. MM-1, 3 and 8 cells were observed to penetrate the monolayer of vascular endothelial cells and grew in a spreading or scattering manner with loose cell-cell contact on collagen gel or on vascular endothelial cells. SN12C and Cl-8 cells failed to penetrate and grew in a clustering manner with tight cell-cell contact. Treatment with all- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA) at non-toxic concentrations induced clustering or growth of MM-1, 3 and 8 cells on collagen gel or on vascular endothelial cells with tight cell-cell contact, and inhibited penetration. The clustering induced by ATRA was virtually blocked in the presence of anti-E cadherin antibody. E-Cadherin and β -catenin were each localized mainly at the cell-cell adherent junctions of colonizing cell populations that had been treated with ATRA. While the cellular levels of E-cadherin and β -catenin did not change significantly following ATRA treatment, the tyrosine residue of β -catenin was rapidly dephosphorylated. The concomitant administration of Na vanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine dephosphorylase, inhibited both the ATRA-induced clustering and the dephosphorylation of β -catenin tyrosine. ATRA-induced clustering of MM-3 cells may be linked to the state of tyrosine phosphorylation of β -catenin.     

Validation of a Tissue Microarray to Study Differential Protein Expression in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Breast Cancer

AIMS: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis. The mechanisms responsible for the aggressive clinical evolution are incompletely understood. We constructed a tissue microarray (TMA) and validated its use in translational IBC research. Differential expression of proteins that might play a role in causing the IBC phenotype was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: A TMA containing 34 IBC and 41 non-stage matched non-IBC tumours was constructed. Five core biopsies were taken for each IBC and three cores for each non-IBC tumour. The TMA was validated using three approaches: (1) the excellent concordance between immunohistochemical results of the initial pathological examination and the results obtained with the TMA for ER, PR and HER2/neu (kappa > 0.74); (2) the known differential expression between IBC and non-IBC for four bio-markers in IBC (ER, PR, p53 and HER2/neu) was confirmed ( p < 0.01); (3) the HER2/neu status using three different antibodies (CB11, TAB250 and HercepTest) was highly concordant (kappa > 0.75). Furthermore, the overexpression of E-Cadherin and RhoC GTPase in IBC ( p < 0.05) was confirmed. We did not find a differential expression pattern for carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) and EGFR. CONCLUSIONS: Using different approaches, we have validated the use of our TMA for studying differential protein expression in IBC and non-IBC. We confirm the overexpression of E-Cadherin and RhoC GTPase in IBC. The lack of differential expression for CA IX and EGFR might suggest the pathways are equally utilised in both types of breast cancer.     

Ezrin蛋白与E钙黏素在脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的:研究埃兹蛋白(Ezrin)和E钙黏素(E-cadherin)在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其意义。方法:采用SP免疫组化方法检测Ezrin、E-cadherin在40例不同级别胶质瘤及10例正常脑组织中的表达。结果:Ezrin蛋白、E-cadherin蛋白的阳性表达,在正常脑组织与胶质瘤组之间存在显著差异(P<0.01),在胶质瘤的高低级别组间也存在显著差异(P<0.05);并且它们在生存时间>2年组与生存时间≤2年组之间差异亦有显著性(P<0.01,P<0.05)。Ezrin的阳性表达随着肿瘤级别的升高而增高(P<0.05),E-cadherin的阳性表达随着肿瘤级别的升高而降低(P<0.05);Ezrin与E-cadherin的阳性表达呈明显负相关(rs=-0.685,P<0.01)。结论:Ezrin的过度表达和E-cadherin的表达下调在胶质瘤的侵袭及恶性进展中起着重要作用。Ezrin和E-cadherin的表达可能与胶质瘤患者的预后密切相关,提示可作为反映胶质瘤恶性程度与预后的指标。     

山莨菪碱与旋覆花素及苦碟子对过度训练大鼠肾组织上皮钙黏素表达的影响

目的：探讨过度训练大鼠肾组织上皮钙黏素表达的变化及山莨菪碱、旋覆花素、苦碟子干预的影响。方法：将80只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为安静对照组（CN）、力竭运动组（ES）、山莨菪碱干预组（AD）、旋覆花素干预组（IB）、苦碟子干预组（IS）。CN组为安静对照;ES组又根据力竭后恢复时间分为力竭即刻（ESI）、力竭后6h（ES6h）和力竭后24h（ES24h）;AD组、IB组、IS组均分别于力竭后6h和力竭后24h4取材观察各项指标。每个时间点8只大鼠。采用大鼠游泳至力竭建立过度训练模型。采用免疫组织化学法检测各组肾组织E-Cadherin蛋白表达的变化;采用CMIAS病理图像分析仪测量E-Cadherin蛋白表达的平均光密度。结果：对照组大鼠肾组织有E-Cadherin的丰富表达,广泛分布于肾小管上皮细胞膜上及细胞浆内;力竭即刻、6h及24hE-Cadherin表达逐渐减弱（P〈0.05）。山莨菪碱、旋覆花素和苦碟子组大鼠肾组织E-Cadherin表达比同期力竭组明显增强（P〈0.05）。结论：过度训练可引起肾组织E-Cadherin的表达下调,山莨菪碱、旋覆花素和苦碟子干预后可逆转这种变化,这可能是过度训练引起急性肾损伤及上述3种药物减轻OTIAKI的重要机制之一。     

蛇毒精氨酸酯酶Agkihpin上调人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721中表皮钙黏素的表达研究

目的探讨蛇毒精氨酸酯酶Agkihpin对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞株中表皮钙黏素(E-CD)表达的影响及Agkihpin抑制人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的机制。方法采用不同浓度的Agkihpin处理肝癌细胞株72 h后,应用免疫细胞化学、Western Blotting和逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)法检测E-CD在SMMC-7721细胞中的表达。结果不同浓度Agkihpin作用SMMC-7721细胞72 h后E-CD表达均上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并呈现出一定的剂量依赖效应。Agkihpin可显著上调SMMC-7721细胞中E-CD表达。结论在人低分化肝癌SMMC-7721细胞株中,Agkihpin能促进E-CD的表达,因而可能抑制肝癌细胞的迁移和降低肝癌组织的恶性程度。     

Neuroendocrine and mucinous differentiation in signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach: evidence for a common cell of origin in composite tumors

Composite tumors are rare neoplasms containing a mixture of 2 different cellular components present in roughly equal proportions. It is hypothesized that composite tumors arise from a multipotential stem cell with subsequent bidirectional differentiation. We present an unusual composite tumor of the stomach composed equally of signet ring cell carcinoma and low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. Twenty-one additional patients with signet ring cell carcinomas of the stomach were studied to determine the prevalence of neuroendocrine differentiation by morphology and immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin and chromogranin A. Immunohistochemistry for mucins 5AC and 2 was performed to assess for divergent differentiation toward foveolar and intestinal mucin phenotypes, respectively, and to evaluate for any potential relationship with neuroendocrine differentiation. We found morphologic evidence of neuroendocrine carcinoma in 4 (19%) of 21 consecutive signet ring carcinomas. E-cadherin immunostaining was subsequently performed on these 4 tumors plus the index case. All 5 tumors demonstrated concordance between the signet ring and neuroendocrine components. There was no distinct relationship to mucin 5AC/mucin 2 profiles, with the exception that all 11 intramucosal signet ring cell carcinomas from 4 patients with germ line cadherin 1 gene mutations were composed exclusively of mucin 5AC+ signet ring cells that lacked intestinal mucin and neuroendocrine differentiation. The concordant E-cadherin status in the neuroendocrine and signet ring cell tumor components and the frequent admixture of mucin 5AC+ cells with foveolar differentiation and mucin 2+ cells with intestinal differentiation may support the hypothesis that composite tumors arise from a common stem cell with bilineage or multilineage differentiation.