脑卒中吞咽障碍患者预后和住院费用相关性的回顾性研究

目的探讨吞咽障碍与脑卒中患者预后和住院费用之间的相关性。方法选取于潍坊市3家公立医院康复科就诊的脑卒中住院患者1370例, 根据吞咽造影检查结果, 将患者分为吞咽障碍组(499例)和非吞咽障碍组(871例)。收集患者临床资料, 包括病案号、年龄、性别、医保类型、卒中类型、病灶部位、Charlson合并症指数(CCI)等。采用二元Logistic回归和多重线性回归模型分析吞咽障碍与肺炎发生情况、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、改良Barthel指数(MBI)、住院时长、住院总费用之间的相关性。结果本研究纳入脑卒中患者的吞咽障碍发生率为36.42%。校正混杂因素后, 吞咽障碍组肺炎的发生风险是非吞咽障碍组的2.417倍[OR=2.417, 95%CI(1.902, 3.072), P=0.000]。出院时, 吞咽障碍患者mRS评分≥3分和MBI<60分的风险分别为3.272倍[OR=3.272, 95%CI(2.508, 4.269), P<0.001]和1.670倍[OR=1.670, 95%CI(1.230, 2.268), P<0.001]。多重逐步线性回归结果...     

心脏术后获得性吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能恢复时间及影响因素研究

目的 探讨心脏术后获得性吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能恢复时间及影响因素,为优化其康复方案提供参考。方法 选取2018年10月—2019年10月就诊于南京市某三级甲等医院的85例心脏术后获得性吞咽障碍患者为研究对象,收集患者一般资料和临床相关资料,以吞咽功能恢复结局及恢复时间为因变量,采用Kaplan'Meier法和Cox比例风险回归分析吞咽功能恢复时间及其影响因素。结果 心脏术后获得性吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能恢复时间为1~12（2.72±1.85） d。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,气管插管时间（RR=0.987,P=0.004）和拔管后首次标准吞咽功能评估量表评分（RR=0.828,P＜0.001）影响心脏术后获得性吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能恢复时间。结论 气管插管时间和拔管后首次标准吞咽功能评估量表评分是心脏术后获得性吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能恢复的影响因素,尚需进一步明确吞咽障碍恢复进程及相关预后指标,从而优化临床实践,改善患者预后结局。     

早期应用吞咽治疗仪治疗脑卒中吞咽障碍的疗效观察与护理

目的分析应用吞咽治疗仪治疗脑卒中吞咽障碍的临床疗效并总结护理要点。方法选取2017年9月-2019年9月我院收治的30例脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者。按时间先后分为对照组15例及观察组15例。对照组采取综合护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上采取早期应用吞咽治疗仪治疗,比较2组治疗效果。结果治疗护理2周后观察组患者吞咽功能获得明显改善,优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有率为93.3%,对照组为66.7%(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中吞咽障碍患者早期给予吞咽治疗仪治疗配合综合护理干预可改善吞咽效果,改善生活质量。     

表面肌电生物反馈疗法结合吞咽训练治疗脑卒中患者吞咽障碍的疗效

目的:观察表面肌电生物反馈治疗结合吞咽训练治疗脑卒中患者吞咽障碍的效果.方法:选择2018年2月至2019年12月在广州市第一人民医院康复医学科和神经科接受治疗的65例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者,根据患者意愿分为吞咽训练组33例和肌电生物反馈组32例.吞咽训练组采用吞咽训练,肌电生物反馈组在吞咽训练的基础上采用表面肌电生物反...     

Risk Factors for Dysphagia after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with the Zero‐P implant system: A Study with Minimum of 2 Years Follow‐up

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with the Zero‐P Implant System by multidimensional analysis and investigated the predictive values of these risk factors for dysphagia.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 260 patients who underwent ACDF with the Zero‐P Implant System and had at least 2 year of follow‐up were performed. All patients were divided into a non‐dysphagia group and a dysphagia group. Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), intraoperative time, estimated blood loss, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, prevertebral soft‐tissue thickness, the levels of surgery, O‐C₂ angle, C_2–7 angle, T₁ slope and segmental angle were analyzed. The Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system was used to determine functional status. NDI was used to evaluate neck pain and disability. The Bazaz grading system was chosen to evaluate dysphagia after surgery. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, infection, and dysphagia were recorded in both groups. An independent t‐test was used to compare quantitative variables, a chi‐square test was used to compare qualitative data between the two groups. To eliminate the influence of confounding factors, logistic regression was performed for multifactor regression of factors. The results were regarded as significant when the P‐values were less than 0.05 in this study.ResultsIn total, the non‐dysphagia group comprised 70 patients and the dysphagia group comprised 190 patients, with an average age of 58.33 ± 4.68 years (ranging, 42–82 years). These patients were followed up for 28.5 ± 3.5 months (range, 24–32 months). For clinical outcomes, both groups demonstrated significant improvement in the NDI and JOA scores (P < 0.001). According to the Bazaz dysphagia grading system, mild, moderate, and severe dysphagia were found in 50, 17, and 3 patients, respectively. In total, 37.1% (n = 26) had resolved by 3 month, 38.6% (n = 27) by 6 months, and 17.1% (n = 12) by 12 months. Chi‐square test results indicated that number of operated levels, operation time dT1 slope, dO‐C₂ angle, dC_2–7 angle, segmental angle and dPSTT were associated with a high incidence of dysphagia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that number of operated levels, operation time, dC_2–7 angle and dPSTT were significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia.ConclusionsMore operated levels, more operation time, more dC_2–7 angle and dPSTT were the risk factors for postoperative dysphagia. In additional, sufficient preoperative preparation, evaluation combined with proficient and precise surgical treatment were suggested to reduce the incidence of postoperative dysphagia when ACDF was performed.     

BTX-A注射唾液腺改善脑卒中流涎症的临床研究

目的 观察BTX-A注射唾液腺改善脑卒中流涎症的临床疗效和安全性。方法 收集福建中医药大学附属康复医院住院的30例脑卒中后流涎的患者,按照随机数字表法随机分为治疗组15例和对照组15例。两组均给予常规吞咽康复训练12周,治疗组在常规吞咽康复训练基础上予超声引导下100U BTX-A双侧腮腺和颌下腺分别注射35U及15U。采用流涎频率评分、教师流涎分级法(TDS)、Frenchay构音障碍评定法中关于流涎的分级标准于BTX-A治疗前、治疗12周后评估各组患者的流涎程度。结果 BTX-A注射唾液腺12周后,治疗组的流涎频率评分总有效率明显高于对照组的(P＜0.05);治疗组TDS评分总有效率明显高于对照组的(P＜0.05);治疗组Frenchay流涎评分总有效率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 常规吞咽训练配合BTX-A注射唾液腺明显改善脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的流涎症状,是一种安全有效的治疗方法及副作用少,对改善患者形象及生活自信建立帮助巨大,值得临床上推广及应用。     

生物反馈治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍疗效的Meta分析

目的 评价生物反馈治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的疗效。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、EMbase、Web of Science、中国生物医学数据库、万方数据库、中国知网及维普数据库,检索时限为建库至2018年12月31日。采用RevMan 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入17项研究,1306例患者。Meta分析结果显示,在治疗总有效率［相对危险度（RR）=1.29,95％置信区间（CI）为（1.20,1.38）,P＜0.00001］、功能性经口摄食量表（FOIS）［均数差（MD）=0.81,95％CI（0.39,1.24）,P=0.0002］、标准吞咽功能评价量表（SSA)［MD=-5.83,95％CI（-8.48,-3.17）,P＜0.0001］、吞咽障碍特异性生活质量量表（SWAL-QOL）［MD=18.80,95％CI（15.74,21.86）,P＜0.00001］、吸入性肺炎［RR=0.46,95％CI（0.26,0.82）,P=0.008］方面,治疗组均优于对照组（P＜0.05）。 结论 生物反馈治疗能较好地改善脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能及生活质量、降低肺炎发生率并提高摄食水平,但尚需进一步更多高质量、大样本的随机对照试验（RCT）加以验证。