Attitudes of Different Professional Groups Toward Geriatric Patients

This study deals with attitudinal differences toward geriatric patients among health professionals. For this study, 172 psychiatrists, 157 surgeons and 108 internists responded to a set of eight attitudinal questions. For six questions, statistically significant differences were found among the three groups. Psychiatrists and surgeons differed greatly, with internists falling in between. Psychiatrists were found to be the group with the most favorable responses to five out of eight questions and surgeons as the least favorable group. The results are discussed in relation to the pervasive societal concept of the aged and the influences of different medical settings.     

三维重建及3D打印技术在骨盆三维特征测量准确性研究

目的　研究分析尸体骨盆与其三维重建数字化模型及3D打印实体模型的三维特征测量结果差异。 方法　选择1具中年男性骨盆标本,根据骨盆的生理学结构特点在骨盆标本表面选取并固定共计14个特征点,并使用三坐标仪测量并记录特征点的三维坐标;使用CT设备对固定了特征点的骨盆标本进行1.0 mm的断层扫描;使用三维医学图像软件（Delta Medical Studio,DMS）对获取的扫描图像进行三维重建,并记录特征点的三维坐标;使用3D打印设备（熔融沉积成型,FDM）及光固化成型（Stereo Lithography Appearance,SLA）打印三维重建模型,三坐标仪测量记录特征点的三维坐标;通过记录的三维坐标分别计算尸体标本、数字模型、3D打印实体模型的特征点之间的距离及夹角;从最大误差、平均误差、t值验证等角度分析三组数据的误差情况。 结果　三维重建数字化骨盆模型的特征测量距离的平均误差约为0.5 mm,角度平均误差约为0.35 o;3D打印模型相对于骨盆标本的距离测量的平均误差约为0.8~1.1 mm,角度平均误差约为0.4°~0.5°。 结论 三维重建模型和3D打印实体模型对于骨盆术前的参考及测量精度方面具备可靠性,可根据实际需求选择3D打印模型作为骨盆术前规划的参考。     

rTMS over the intraparietal sulcus disrupts numerosity processing

It has been widely argued that the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is involved in tasks that evoke representations of numerical magnitude, among other cognitive functions. However, the causal role of this parietal region in processing symbolic and non-symbolic numerosity has not been established. The current study used repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to the left and right IPS to investigate the effects of temporary deactivations of these regions on the capacity to represent symbolic (Arabic numbers) and non-symbolic (arrays of dots) numerosities. We found that comparisons of both symbolic and non-symbolic numerosities were impaired after rTMS to the left IPS but enhanced by rTMS to the right IPS. A signature effect of numerical distance was also found: greater impairment (or lesser facilitation) when comparing numerosities of similar magnitude. The reverse pattern of impairment and enhancement was found in a control task that required judging an analogue stimulus property (ellipse orientation) but no numerosity judgements. No rTMS effects for the numerosity tasks were found when stimulating an area adjacent but distinct from the IPS, the left and right angular gyrus. These data suggest that left IPS is critical for processing symbolic and non-symbolic numerosity; this processing may thus depend on common neural mechanisms, which are distinct from mechanisms supporting the processing of analogue stimulus properties. H. Barth and F. Fregni contributed equally to this study.     

Validación de la resonancia magnética pélvica como método de elección para determinar la distancia al margen anal en el cáncer de recto

IntroductionDistance from anal verge of rectal tumors and their anatomical relationships contribute to determine the multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy based on the combination of radio-chemotherapy and radical surgery. Our aims are to investigate which is the most accurate method for the preoperative measuring of the distance from the anal verge in rectal tumors and if the pelvic MRI can substitute the classical instrumental methods.MethodsProspective study of diagnostic precision between flexible colonoscopy (FC), preoperative rigid rectosigmoidoscopy (pRR) and pelvic MRI in patients scheduled to radical surgery. Rigid intraoperative rectoscopy (iRR) was considered the reference test. The correlations between the different techniques and their determination coefficient as well as the intraclass correlation coefficient and the degree of agreement between the different tests were analyzed.Results96 patients (65% males), mean age (SD): 68 (14.1) years were included. 72% received neoadjuvant treatment. The mean distance to the anal margin measured by FC = 103.5 mm, was significantly greater than others, which had similar values: pRR = 81.1; MRI = 77.4; iRR = 82.9 mm (P < .001). A significant intraclass correlation was observed and there was high agreement between all pre- and intraoperative measurements except for the performed by FC, which overestimated the results. MRI provided more individualized and accurate information.ConclusionsThere is variability between the measurement methods, being colonoscopy the least reliable. MRI offers objective, comparable, accurate and individualized values that can replace those obtained by pRR for tumors of any location in the rectum.     

Dyslexic children suffer from less informative visual cues to control posture

The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of manipulation of the characteristics of visual stimulus on postural control in dyslexic children. A total of 18 dyslexic and 18 non-dyslexic children stood upright inside a moving room, as still as possible, and looked at a target at different conditions of distance between the participant and a moving room frontal wall (25–150 cm) and vision (full and central). The first trial was performed without vision (baseline). Then four trials were performed in which the room remained stationary and eight trials with the room moving, lasting 60 s each. Mean sway amplitude, coherence, relative phase, and angular deviation were calculated. The results revealed that dyslexic children swayed with larger magnitude in both stationary and moving conditions. When the room remained stationary, all children showed larger body sway magnitude at 150 cm distance. Dyslexic children showed larger body sway magnitude in central compared to full vision condition. In the moving condition, body sway magnitude was similar between dyslexic and non-dyslexic children but the coupling between visual information and body sway was weaker in dyslexic children. Moreover, in the absence of peripheral visual cues, induced body sway in dyslexic children was temporally delayed regarding visual stimulus. Taken together, these results indicate that poor postural control performance in dyslexic children is related to how sensory information is acquired from the environment and used to produce postural responses. In conditions in which sensory cues are less informative, dyslexic children take longer to process sensory stimuli in order to obtain precise information, which leads to performance deterioration.     

Telegenetics: application of a tele-education program in genetic syndromes for Brazilian students

With the high occurrence of genetic anomalies in Brazil and the manifestations of communication disorders associated with these conditions, the development of educative actions that comprise these illnesses can bring unique benefits in the identification and appropriate treatment of these clinical pictures.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop and analyze an educational program in genetic syndromes for elementary students applied in two Brazilian states, using an Interactive Tele-education model.

Material and Methods

The study was carried out in 4 schools: two in the state of São Paulo, Southeast Region, Brazil, and two in the state of Amazonas, North Region, Brazil. Forty-five students, both genders, aged between 13 and 14 years, of the 9^th grade of the basic education of both public and private system, were divided into two groups: 21 of São Paulo Group (SPG) and 24 of Amazonas Group (AMG). The educational program lasted about 3 months and was divided into two stages including both classroom and distance activities on genetic syndromes. The classroom activity was carried out separately in each school, with expository lessons, graphs and audiovisual contents. In the activity at a distance the educational content was presented to students by means of the Interactive Tele-education model. In this stage, the students had access a Cybertutor, using the Young Doctor Project methodology. In order to measure the effectiveness of the educational program, the Problem Situation Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Web Site Motivational Analysis Checklist adapted (FPM) were used.

Results

The program developed was effective for knowledge acquisition in 80% of the groups. FPM showed a high satisfaction index from the participants in relation to the Interactive Tele-education, evaluating the program as "awesome course". No statistically significant differences between the groups regarding type of school or state were observed.

Conclusion

Thus, the Tele-Education Program can be used as a tool for educational purposes in genetic syndromes of other populations, in several regions of Brazil.     

Guía práctica para el debriefing online: revisión exploratoria y análisis de cursos con simulación clínica a distancia

IntroductionMany debriefing skills used when people are present in the same physical space translate poorly into virtual space. The objective was to develop a practical guide to recognize and manage online debriefing challenges.MethodsFocus group interviews, with facilitators who participated in distance-based simulation training courses, in combination with a scoping literature review were used to obtain qualitative data. Results were categorized using the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare ©.ResultsBetween July 2020 and March 2021, 12 facilitators trained 296 doctors and nurses from Spain and Latin America during 52 courses, 2 to 9.5 hours long, including 2 to 5 simulation cases each. Between 2014 and 2021, 12 out of 304 articles were selected for review.ConclusionsThe methods used have allowed to design a practical guide grounded on a simulation specific framework.