Associations of multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity among Brazilian adolescents: A country-wide survey

Background and Aims

Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking and heavy drinking are four key unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (ULB) that may influence body weight and obesity development. More recently, sedentary time has been recognized as another potentially emerging ULB related to obesity. We therefore investigated the association of multiple ULB with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity among Brazilian adolescents.

痛风急性发作的护理

目的：分析总结痛风急性发作的护理措施。方法：对自2010年3月～2013年11月我院收治的51例痛风急性发作期患者实施了有针对性护理。结果：经秋水仙碱等药物的治疗以及有针对性的护理,51例患者症状均明显缓解,尿酸不同程度的降低。结论：有针对性的护理措施对于患者病情的缓解有重要作用。     

药物治疗联合饮食控制治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效

目的：探讨分析溃疡性结肠炎患者采用药物治疗联合饮食控制治疗的临床疗效及其安全性。方法选取该院2013年9月—2014年6月收治的68例溃疡性结肠炎患者按照就诊顺序随机分为实验组（采用美莎拉嗪联合饮食控制治疗）和对照组（单纯给予美莎拉嗪治疗),对比观察两组患者临床疗效。结果实验组治疗总有效率（91.1%）明显高于对照组（73.5%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗后CRP及IL-8指标水平较治疗前均有明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而IL-10指标水平较治疗前明显升高（P＜0.05）,但是两组间对比,实验组改善程度更为显著,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。且实验组患者不良反应发生率（11.8%）明显低于对照组（29.4%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论溃疡性结肠炎患者采用美莎拉嗪联合饮食控制治疗的临床效果显著,值得在临床上进一步推广。     

Consenso multidisciplinar sobre la valoración y el tratamiento nutricional y dietético en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica e infección por SARS-CoV-2. Consenso de nutrición en enfermedad renal crónica e infección por SARS-CoV-2

The presence of malnutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high, it can be made worse by SARS-CoV-2 infection.The nutritional assessment should be adapted to minimize the infection, recommending monitoring: weight loss percentage, body mass index (BMI), loss of appetite, analytical parameters and functional capacity using the dynamometer. As well as the sarcopenia assessment using the SCARF scale, and the possibility of using the GLIM criteria in those patients who have been tested positive by MUST.It is important to adapt the nutritional recommendations in the caloric and protein intake, to the CKD stage and to the SARS-CoV-2 infection stage. In patients with hypercatabolism, to prioritize preserving the nutritional status (35 kcal/kg weight/day, proteins up to 1.5 g/kg/day). The rest of the nutrients will be adapted to CKD stage and the analytical values.In the post-infection stage, a complete nutritional assessment is recommended, including sarcopenia. The energy and protein requirements in this phase will be adapted to the nutritional status, with special attention to the loss of muscle mass.Dietary recommendations need to be tailored to side effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection: anorexia, dysphagia, dysgeusia, and diarrhea.Anorexia and hypercatabolism makes it difficult to meet the requirements through diet, therefore the use of oral nutritional supplements is recommended as well as the enteral or parenteral nutrition in severe phases.     

Alcohol intake and diet in France, the prominent role of lifestyle.

AIM: Moderate alcohol intake is related to a decrease of coronary heart disease. This protective effect may be attributed to ethanol but may also depend on the type of alcoholic beverages. However, these differences may be confounded by lifestyle and diet. We investigated the relationships between alcohol consumption, beverage type preference and socio-economic status, diet and lifestyle. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional survey on cardiovascular risk factors and nutrition was carried out from 1995 to 1997 by the French MONICA Centres. A sample of 1110 middle-aged men (45-64 years) was randomly recruited; 12.8% of men were abstainers and 16.3% reported a consumption of #10878;60 g/d alcohol. Smoking, waist-to-hip ratio and hypertension increased along with the amount of alcohol intake. Physical activity (from 40.9% in abstainers to 23.8% in heavy drinkers, p=0.0025), educational level (from 11.9+/-4.4 to 11.1+/-3.8 years, p=0.01), socio-economic status and diet quality index (from 7.1+/-2.3 to 6.3+/-2.0, p<0.0001 after multivariate adjustment) decreased along with the increase of alcohol consumption and were higher among wine drinkers than among beer or mixed drinkers. Diet quality index was 7.1+/-1.9, 6.4+/-1.8 and 6.6+/-1.9 among wine, beer and mixed drinkers, respectively (p=0.007 after multivariate adjustment). CONCLUSION: Moderate alcohol drinkers or wine drinkers have healthy diet and behaviours compared to other drinkers or abstainers. The living area plays a significant role in the dieting behaviours.     

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Associated Health Impairment in Individuals with Celiac Disease

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Economic assessment of nutritional recommendations

The effect of consumers’ compliance with nutritional recommendations is uncertain because of potentially complex substitutions. To lift this uncertainty, we adapt a model of consumer behaviour under rationing to the case of linear nutritional constraints. Dietary adjustments are derived from information on consumer preferences, consumption levels, and nutritional contents of foods. A calibration exercise simulates, for different income groups, how the French diet would respond to various nutrition recommendations, and those behavioural adjustments are translated into health outcomes through the DIETRON epidemiological model. This allows for the ex-ante comparison of the efficiency, equity and health effects of ten nutritional recommendations. Although most recommendations impose significant taste costs on consumers, they are highly cost-effective, with the recommendations targeting salt, saturated fat, and fruits and vegetables (F&V) ranking highest in terms of efficiency. Most recommendations are also economically progressive, with the exception of that targeting F&V.     

中国9省/自治区成年居民膳食胆固醇摄入与高胆固醇血症关系的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨成年居民膳食胆固醇摄入与高胆固醇血症的关系. 方法 利用“中国健康与营养调查”数据,本研究中纳入的研究对象为同时参加2004年和2009年2轮调查、且在2009年调查时年龄为25～65岁、血样检测和膳食调查数据完整的成年居民,共4 244人.以《中国成人血脂异常防治指南2007》为标准,血清TC≥6.22 mmol/L时,判定为高胆固醇血症.采用非条件logistic回归方法,研究膳食胆固醇摄入与高胆固醇血症的关系.结果 2009年成年居民平均血清TC水平为4.9 mmol/L,高胆固醇血症患病率为9.6%.2004－2009年膳食胆固醇摄入量总体呈大幅增长,尤其是低摄入量组的增幅最大.男性成年居民中2004年膳食胆固醇摄入中低水平者和2009年膳食胆固醇摄入高水平者,高胆固醇血症患病风险增加.女性膳食胆固醇摄入与高胆固醇血症之间未见统计学关联.结论 膳食胆固醇摄入与高胆固醇血症的关系具有性别差异.膳食胆固醇摄入水平升高,可增加男性居民发生高胆固醇血症的危险性.     

Lifestyles and Health-Related Outcomes of U.S. Hospital Nurses: A Systematic Review

Background

Nurses’ modifiable lifestyles have important health-related consequences.