婴儿轮状病毒肠炎的饮食与临床疗效关系探讨

目的：探讨婴儿轮状病毒肠炎的饮食弓临床疗效关系。方法：将93例轮状病毒肠炎的婴儿按不同的喂养方式随机分为A、B、C3组，在其他治疗方法相同时，A组予去乳糖奶粉喂养，B组继续母乳喂养，C组普通罂儿奶粉喂养，两两比较其临床疗效。结果：A组总有效率明显高于B、C组，止泻天数短于B、C组，而体重降低程度明显低于B、C组（P〈0．01）：结论：轮状病毒肠炎的婴儿以去乳精奶粉喂养为宜。     

医院数字化膳食管理系统的开发研制

目的：开发智能型的患者订餐工具和后台管理软件。方法：通过该院自编的应用程序读取医院信息系统(HIS)上患者的基本信息和饮食医嘱，利用掌上电脑和数据库开发技术，完成患者订餐及订餐后的信息管理。结果：系统投入运行后，订餐速度明显提高，差错率明显降低，患者就餐满意度也有所提高。结论：该系统的使用将明显提高该院膳食保障服务水平。     

茂名石化公司社区居民的慢性病调查及饮食建议

目的　探究成人肥胖与高血压、糖尿病的关系 ,并给予饮食方面的建议。方法　抽样调查。在社区内抽样 2 891名居民 (2 0～ 74岁 ,曾在三个生活小区之一居住 5年以上者 ) ,分析其患肥胖及其他相关因素。结果　肥胖症及超体重率分别为 4 . 0 1%、2 2 . 97%。经标准化后肥胖症发生率为 3 2 3% (男 3 .0 5 % ,女3. 4 2 % ) ,超体重率为 19. 5 5 % (男 2 2 . 4 2 % ,女 16 . 5 % )。而且 ,所有肥胖人群中发生高血压和糖尿病的危险百分率分别是 1 70、2 13。结论　在茂名石油公司社区成人超体重和患肥胖症的情况是严峻的 ,适当的营养和合理的膳食干预是减少高血压、糖尿病等慢性病发病率的有效措施之一。     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

Validation of a self-administered diet history questionnaire using multiple diet records

The validity of a self-administered diet history questionnaire has been estimated using as the reference data the mean of three 4-day diet records collected over the year prior to the administration of the questionnaire, in 1985–1986. Subjects were women ages 45–70 years, participants in the Women's Health Trial Feasibility Study, a multi-center clinical trial in which some women were randomized to be taught to adopt and maintain a low-fat diet, while others maintained their usual diet. The questionnaire produced group mean nutrient estimates closely approximating the values obtained by three 4-day records, e.g. in the usual-diet group, 37.7% of calories from fat by both food records and by questionnaire, and in the low-fat, group, 21.3% of calories from fat by food records and 23.7% of calories from fat by questionnaire. Correlations between questionnaire and diet records for per cent of calories from fat were 0.67 and 0.65 respectively in the two groups; most correlations were in the 0.5–0.6 range, and were similar to those achievable by a single 4-day food record.     

饮食习惯与肺癌关系的病例—对照研究

为探明上海市女性非吸烟者肺癌与饮食习惯的关系，作者于１９９２年２月１日￣１９９３年１２月３１日在上海市区开展了一项基于全人群的病例对照研究，共调查非吸烟女性肺癌新发病例５０４例和按频数配对的年龄相差５岁以内的女性非吸烟对照６０１人。在调查了年龄、经济收入等因素后，发现蔬菜、水果和β－胡萝卜素、维生素Ｃ等营养素的摄入量与肺癌危险性呈负相关，线性趋势均有显著性。与最高摄入组相比，蔬菜、水果、β－胡萝卜     

三峡地区大学生膳食调查与分析

目的：为开展大学生膳食营养教育提供依据。方法：采用记录和询问相结合的方法对301名大学生进行膳食调查。结果：男生的膳食营养状况比女生好。男生对热能、磷、铁、维生素A和维生素B1的摄入量均超过推荐量（Recommended Nutrient Intake，RNI），蛋白质达到RNI的94％，但钙、维生素B2和维生素C摄入不足，分别达到RNI的54％、71％、69％。女生磷、铁、维生素B1的摄取量超过RNI，维生素A达到RNI的90％，基本满足需要，但蛋白质、能量、钙、维生素B2和维生素C分别达到RNI量的76％、78％、57％和54％。男女生摄入的优质蛋白质均达到总摄入量的41％。男女生均有早上餐能量过低，晚餐量过高的现象。结论：大学生的膳营养水平比以往有所提高，但某些营养素仍严重缺乏，应加强对大学生的膳食营养教育。     

Intakes and major dietary sources of cholesterol and phytosterols in the British diet

Cholesterol intakes in Britain have been re-estimated by analysing Total Diet samples taken in 1991 and from 1993 National Food Survey records. The Total Diet samples contained only 284 mg/day compared with 319 mg/day in 1987 and 337 mg/day in 1981, while the National Food Survey showed intakes had fallen to 238 mg/day from 259 mg/day in 1990 and 405 mg/day in 1970-75. More details of the intakes by adults in 1986/87 are given, and compared with the results from the other methods. Daily intakes of eight phytosterols were also estimated, the main ones being β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and 57-stigmastenol whose intakes were 104, 49, 10 and 4 mg/day, respectively, in 1991. These intakes had increased since 1981, reflecting the rising consumption of vegetable oils.     

Relationship of Diet to Small and Large Adenomas of the Sigmoid Colon

The relation of dietary factors to the risk of adenomas of the sigmoid colon was examined in men receiving a retirement health examination at the Self-Defense Forces Fukuoka Hospital between October 1986 and 1990. A total of 187 adenoma cases and 1557 controls with normal colonoscopy were identified in the series. Cases were further classified into small-adenoma (<5 mm, n=78) and large-adenoma (≥5 mm, n=67) groups. The consumptions of selected foods and beverages were ascertained before colonoscopy by means of a self-administered questionnaire. After adjustment for smoking, alcohol use, rank and body mass index, low rice consumption and high meat intake were independently associated with an increased risk of large adenomas. The risk of small adenomas was not related to either rice consumption or meat intake. Adjusted odds ratios of large adenomas for the low, intermediate and high consumption levels of rice were estimated to be 1.0 (referent), 0.83 and 0.43, respectively (trend P = 0.08), and the corresponding figures for meat consumption were 1.0 (referent), 1.58 and 2.38, respectively (trend P =0.02). The findings suggest that low rice consumption and high meat intake may promote the growth of colon adenomas, thereby increasing the risk of colon cancer.