Enzymes of the purine interconversion system in chronic lymphatic leukemia: Decreased purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase activity

Summary Activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (AK), adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), all enzymes of the purine interconversion system, were determined in lymphocytes of 25 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and in 23 controls. A statistically significant decrease of PNP activities and a reduction of ADA activities at borderline levels were found in the patients, whereas for the other enzymes assayed no deviation from normal values was observed.This work was supported in part by the Austrian Research Fund (Project No. 3796).     

Combined evaluation of adenosine deaminase level and histopathological findings from pleural biopsy with Cope’s needle for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy

Introduction: Closed needle pleural biopsy (CNPB) has historically been the gold standard procedure for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an efficient biomarker for tuberculosis that is measurable in pleural fluids. Objective: We compared the diagnostic accuracy of the pleural ADA (P-ADA) level and histopathological findings of CNPB specimens in patients with pleural tuberculosis. Methods: This prospective study consisted of two groups of examinations with a proven diagnosis of pleural effusion. The P-ADA level was measured in 218 patients with pleural effusion due to a number of causes, and 157 CNPB specimens underwent histopathological analysis. Results: CNPBs were performed in patients with tuberculosis (n=122) and other diseases: adenocarcinoma (n=23), lymphoma (n=5), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=4), squamous cell carcinoma (n=2), and small cell lung cancer (n=1). According to the ROC curve, the optimal cut-off value of the P-ADA level (Giusti and Galanti colorimetric method) was equal to or greater than 40.0 U/L. The diagnostic accuracy of the P-ADA test was 83.0%, and that of histopathological examination of the CNPB tissue, was 78.8% (AUC=0.293, P=0.7695). The association between the P-ADA assay and pleural histopathology was 24.41 (P<0.0001). The tetrachoric correlation coefficient was 0.563 (high correlation). Conclusion: In Brazil and other countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis, P-ADA activity is an accurate test for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusions, and its use should be encouraged. The high diagnostic performance of the P-ADA test could to aid the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis and render CNPB unnecessary.     

AID induces intraclonal diversity and genomic damage in CD86+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

The activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mediates somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination of the Ig genes by directly deaminating cytosines to uracils. As AID causes a substantial amount of off‐target mutations, its activity has been associated with lymphomagenesis and clonal evolution of B‐cell malignancies. Although it has been shown that AID is expressed in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a clear analysis of in vivo AID activity in this B‐cell malignancy remained elusive. In this study performed on primary human CLL samples, we report that, despite the presence of a dominant VDJ heavy chain region, a substantial intraclonal diversity was observed at VDJ as well as at IgM switch regions (Sμ), showing ongoing AID activity in vivo during disease progression. This AID‐mediated heterogeneity was higher in CLL subclones expressing CD86, which we identified as the proliferative CLL fraction. Finally, CD86 expression correlated with shortened time to first treatment and increased γ‐H2AX focus formation. Our data demonstrate that AID is active in CLL in vivo and thus, AID likely contributes to clonal evolution of CLL.     

脑脊液腺苷脱氨酶检测对结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值

目的：探讨脑脊液腺苷脱氨酶（ ADA）在结核性脑膜炎诊断中的价值。方法对结核性脑膜炎患者治疗前后脑脊液ADA的含量进行比较和分析。结果结核性脑膜炎患者早期ADA含量增高,随病情好转ADA含量下降。结论脑脊液ADA含量检测对结核性脑膜炎的诊断、疗效观察、预后有重要的价值。     

ADA、TB-DNA、T-spot单用或联合检测对结核性胸膜炎早期诊断的临床意义*

目的 探究腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）、胸水结合分歧杆菌脱氧核糖核酸（TB-DNA）、结核感染T细胞斑点实验（T-spot）或联合检测在结核性胸膜炎（TBP）早期诊断的临床意义。方法 回顾性选取上虞人民医院2016年6月—2018年6月疑似TBP患者76例作为研究对象,以经皮穿刺胸膜活检确诊为TBP患者48例作为TBP组,其余非TBP胸膜炎患者28例作为非TBP组,检测并比较两组胸腔积液中ADA,TB-DNA和外周血T-spot水平。并分析单独检测和3种方法平行联合诊断的诊断效能。结果 TBP组ADA水平高于非TBP组,TBP组的TB-DNA和T-spot阳性率也高于非TBP组（P?<0.05）。ADA和TB-DNA具有较高的特异性（85.71%和96.43%）,T-spot的敏感性（81.25%）高于ADA和TB-DNA（P?<0.05）,其特异性低于ADA和TB-DNA（71.42%）（P?<0.05）。ADA+T-spot和ADA+TB-DNA+T-spot的敏感性（87.50%和91.67%）和阴性预测值（77.78 % 和82.61%）均高于ADA+TB-DNA（68.75%和62.50%）（P?<0.05）。而ADA+TB-DNA的特异性（89.29%）高于ADA+T-spot和ADA+TB-DNA+T-spot（60.71%和67.86%）（P?<0.05）。TB-DNA+T-spot、ADA+T-spot及ADA+TB-DNA+T-spot平行联合检测的曲线下面积分别为0.666（95% CI：0.614,0.879）、0.849（95% CI：0.802,0.989）和0.917（95% CI：0.831,1.000）。结论 ADA、TB-DNA和T-spot 3种方法各有特点,T-spot敏感性较好,ADA和TB-DNA特异性高,3种方法平行联合检测可提高TBP诊断的敏感性。     

血清ADA、IL-27、TB-Ab联合检测诊断血性结核性胸腔积液的价值研究

目的?探讨血清腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）、白细胞介素-27（IL-27）及结核杆菌抗体免疫球蛋白G（TB-Ab-IgG）在血性结核性胸膜炎中的诊断价值。方法?选取2015年7月—2017年3月在黄冈市中心医院诊治的102例胸腔积液患者作为研究对象。根据胸腔积液病因及性状分为血性癌性胸腔积液患者36例（癌性组）、血性结核性胸腔积液患者32例（结核性组）和非血性结核性胸腔积液患者34例（非结核性组）。检测并比较3组患者血清ADA、IL-27及TB-Ab-IgG水平。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,评价ADA、IL-27及TB-Ab-IgG诊断血性结核性胸腔积液的敏感性和特异性。结果?结核性组血清ADA、IL-27水平及TB-Ab-IgG阳性率高于癌性组和非结核性组（P?<0.05）。ROC曲线结果显示,ADA、IL-27、TB-Ab-IgG及3者联合检测诊断血性结核性胸膜胸腔积液的曲线下面积分别为0.884、0.842、0.867和0.926,敏感性分别为91.4%（95% CI：0.555,0.832）、79.8%（95% CI：0.451,0.612）、85.7%（95% CI：0.712,0.931）和96.8%（95% CI：0.787,0.988）,特异性分别为93.7%（95% CI：0.631,0.947）、83.6%（95% CI：0.833,0.964）、88.6%（95% CI：0.787,0.998）和94.3%（95% CI：0.834,0.999）。ADA、IL-27、TB-Ab-IgG 3者联合检测优于单独检测。结论?ADA、IL-27、TB-Ab-IgG 3者联合检测诊断血性结核性胸膜炎具有较高的临床 价值。     

Myelomatous pleural effusion as an initial sign of multiple myeloma—a case report and review of literature

Objective

Discuss and improve the understanding of the clinical characters and diagnostic methods of myelomatous pleurisy, particularly of the patients with pleural effusion as an initial manifestation.

Background

A 53-year-old male, who had been misdiagnosed as tuberculous pleurisy in a local hospital, was diagnosed as multiple myeloma (MM) with pleural infiltration. We reviewed the literature on clinical manifestations, serum and pleural effusion characters, treatment and diagnostic options of this exceptionally rare presentation of MM.

Methods

We conducted a search of the published medical literature since 2000 in MEDLINE and PubMed using search criteria [(“pleural effusion” and “MM”) or “myelomatous pleural effusions”]. The search led to 64 case reports, and 16 cases with pleural effusion as an initial manifestation were included in this review. We have also searched for recent advances in diagnosis.

Results and conclusions

Myelomatous pleurisy is a rare complication of MM. Its clinical and laboratory findings are non-specific. Definitive diagnosis relies on the histopathology of pleural biopsy or pleural effusion. Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy is reliable, safe and effective. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for myelomatous pleural effusion. However, the response rate is low with an overall median survival time of 4 months.     

血清-腹水白蛋白梯度和腹水ADA、CA125在结核性腹膜炎诊治中的临床价值

[目的]探讨血清-腹水白蛋白梯度(SAAG)和腹水腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、CA125对结核性腹膜炎的临床诊断价值。[方法]选取132例腹水患者进行回顾性分析,并将其分为4组:单纯性结核性腹膜炎组(A组)75例,肝硬化合并结核性腹膜炎组(B组)14例,肝硬化组(C组)17例,其他原因腹水组(D组)26例。对所有患者同一天的血清白蛋白及腹水白蛋白浓度进行检测,计算出SAAG;并测定腹水中的ADA、CA125浓度。[结果]以SAAG11g/L为临界值,诊断结核性腹膜炎的敏感度为96.6%(86/89)、特异性为74.4%(32/43)、准确率为89.4%(118/132),A、B组SAAG浓度显著低于C、D组(P0.05),A、B组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);以ADA40U/L为临界值,诊断结核性腹膜炎的敏感性为92.1%(82/89)、特异性为97.7%(42/43)、准确率为93.9%(124/132),A、B组腹水ADA浓度与C、D组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),A、B组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A、B组抗结核治疗前后腹水ADA浓度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);以CA12535U/ml为临界值,诊断结核性腹膜炎的敏感性为100%(89/89)、特异性为34.9%(15/43)、准确性为78.8%(104/132),各组腹水CA125浓度比较均差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A、B组抗结核治疗前后腹水CA125浓度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]腹水ADA诊断结核性腹膜炎的敏感性、特异性、准确性均较高,并可作为判断结核性腹膜炎抗结核治疗疗效的观察指标;SAAG诊断结核性腹膜炎的敏感性较高,但特异性较低;腹水CA125对结核性腹膜炎无诊断价值,但可作为治疗疗效追踪的观察指标。     

血清腺苷脱氨酶检测在急性淋巴细胞白血病中的临床意义

目的：探讨血清腺苷脱氨酶（ ADA）在急性淋巴细胞性白血病（ ALL）中的临床意义。方法98例ALL患者（ ALL组）和86例健康体检者（对照组）,检测两组血清 ADA、谷草转氨酶（ AST ）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ ALT ）、谷氨酰转肽酶（ GGT）、白细胞（ WBC）、淋巴细胞百分比（ Lymph％）和淋巴细胞绝对值（ Lymph＃）,并分析ALL组患者ADA水平与其他指标的相关性。结果 ALL组患者ADA、AST、ALT水平、GGT、WBC、Lymph％及 Lymph＃均高于对照组（P ＜0．05）。 ALL组ADA水平与WBC、Lymph％、Lymph＃呈正相关（P＜0．05）,与 AST、ALT、GGT无相关性（P＞0．05）。结论 ALL患者血清ADA水平高于正常健康者,且随外周血淋巴细胞绝对值和百分比升高而升高,联合检测ADA和血常规可对ALL患者进行初步诊断及评估病情。