2种途径深静脉穿刺中心静脉置管的Meta分析

目的 比较颈内静脉(IJV)与锁骨下静脉(SV)穿刺中心静脉置管部分并发症发生率.方法 收集有关IJV与SV穿刺中心静脉置管的临床对照研究,根据纳入标准纳入文献.对纳入文献进行Meta分析并对结果行敏感性分析.结果 纳入18篇文献. Meta分析结果提示IJV与SV穿刺中心静脉置管导管相关性感染率差异有统计学意义[RR=1.74,95%CI(1.32,2.30)],误入动脉率差异有统计学意义[RR=3.19,95%CI(1.70,5.99)],一次穿刺成功率差异无统计学意义[RR=1.06,95%CI(0.90,1.24)].结论 IJV穿刺中心静脉置管导管相关性感染率及误入动脉率高于SV穿刺;尚不能认为2组一次穿刺成功率有差别;本结果仍需要高质量的随机对照试验来评价.     

The role of uninjured nerve in spinal nerve ligated rats points to an improved animal model of neuropathic pain.

L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats leads to behavioral signs of neuropathic pain including mechanical allodynia. The purposes of this study were to investigate the role of the intact L4 spinal nerve in the development of mechanical allodynia following L5 and L6 SNL and, as a result, to develop a modified model of neuropathic pain. As a first set of experiments, in addition to tight ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves, the intact L4 spinal nerve was manipulated either (1) by gentle repeated stretching of the L4 spinal nerve immediately after L5 and L6 SNL or (2) by intermittent mechanical stimulation to the ipsilateral paw during the first week after SNL. Tactile sensitivity was measured by determining the foot withdrawal threshold before and after SNL. Mild irritation of L4 spinal nerve and application of mechanical stimuli to the ipsilateral paw significantly increased the development of mechanical allodynia after SNL. In a second set of experiments, SNL was produced by tightly ligating only the left L5 spinal nerve with or without a loop of 5-0 chromic gut placed loosely around the L4 spinal nerve. This additional L4 loop significantly increased long-lasting tactile sensitivity compared to L5 SNL alone. These results suggest that afferent activity of the intact L4 spinal nerve aids in the development of mechanical allodynia in the SNL model of neuropathic pain. The addition of a chromic gut loop around the intact L4 spinal nerve can augment the development of mechanical allodynia following SNL of L5. We propose this latter as a useful and practical animal model of neuropathic pain.     

外伤性脾破裂中心静脉置管并发症及护理

目的探讨中心静脉置管术在脾破裂应用的并发症和护理。方法回顾性分析43例患者行中心静脉置管术。结果43例置管者中,共发生并发症21例,导管败血症7例,导管脱落6例,堵塞5例,出血2例,脑梗塞1例。结论中心静脉置管术是脾破裂急救的有效方式之一,同时作好置管后护理,可减少并发症的发生。     

Complicações Neurológicas em Pacientes com Endocardite Infecciosa: Perspectivas de um Centro Terciário

Background:Neurological complications are common in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Recent data suggest that neurologic events are a major determinant of prognosis, and that surgery is critical in improving the outcome.Objective:To characterize patients with IE and neurological complications and to determine predictors of embolization to the central nervous system (CNS) and mortality.Methods:Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to a tertiary center with the diagnosis of IE from 2006 to 2016. Statistical significance was defined by a p-value < 0.05.Results:We identified 148 episodes of IE, 20% of which had evidence of CNS embolization. In patients with CNS embolization, 76% presented with ischemic stroke. During follow-up, 35% were submitted to surgery and both in-hospital and one-year mortality were 39%. These patients had longer hospitalizations, but there were no significant differences regarding mortality in patients with and without CNS embolization. The independent predictors of neurological complications were diabetes (p=0.005) and the absence of fever at presentation (p=0.049). Surgery was associated with lower mortality (0 vs. 58%; p=0.003), while patients with septic shock had a poorer prognosis (75 vs. 25%; p=0.014). In multivariate Cox regression, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was the only independent predictor of in-hospital and 1-year mortality (p=0.011 in both).Conclusions:In this population, embolization to the CNS was common, more often presented as ischemic stroke, and was associated with longer hospitalization, although without significant differences in mortality. In patients with CNS embolization, those submitted to surgery had a good clinical evolution, while patients with septic shock and HIV infection had a worse outcome. These results should be interpreted with caution, taking into consideration that patients with more severe complications or more fragile were probably less often considered for surgery, resulting in selection bias.     

呼出气一氧化氮在中央型气道疾病气管镜治疗前后的变化

目的 探讨中央型气道疾病患者气管镜治疗前后呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)变化及意义。方法 选取2019年7月至2019年8月于应急总医院明确诊断的中央型气道疾病且需行气管镜治疗患者48例,其中良性中央型气道病变患者18例,恶性中央型气道病变患者30例,每例患者均于气管镜治疗前及治疗24h后行FeNO 检查。结果 良、恶性中央型气道病变患者FeNO水平差异无统计学意义;中央型气道病变位置不同,所测量FeNO 水平差异无统计学意义;良、恶性病变患者气管镜治疗后FeNO 均较治疗前明显下降(t 值分别为2. 701、2 .895,P值均<0 05)。结论 将FeNO 应用于中央型气道疾病气管镜治疗前后气道炎症研究有一定的提示意义。     

31例成人中枢神经系统白血病临床分析

目的：探讨成人非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)患者并发中枢神经系统白血病(CNSL)的临床特征。方法：回顾性分析3l例成人CNSL患者的临床资料。结果：3l例成人CNSL患者中，ANLL20例，分别为M2一M5患者。其中3例确诊于发病初期，l7例确诊于巩固期；40岁以下者27例，占87．0％，平均年龄27．48岁，目前死亡15例，失访2例，生存14例。结论：成人ANLL患者并发CNSL发生率高，病情危笃，预后差；临床应重视其预防治疗。     

Systematic mechanism-orientated approach to chronic pancreatitis pain

Pain in chronic pancreatitis(CP) shows similarities with other visceral pain syndromes(i.e.,inflammatory bowel disease and esophagitis),which should thus be managed in a similar fashion.Typical causes of CP pain include increased intrapancreatic pressure,pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic/extrapancreatic complications.Unfortunately,CP pain continues to be a major clinical challenge.It is recognized that ongoing pain may induce altered central pain processing,e.g.,central sensitization or pro-nociceptive pain modulation.When this is present conventional pain treatment targeting the nociceptive focus,e.g.,opioid analgesia or surgical/endoscopic intervention,often fails even if technically successful.If central nervous system pain processing is altered,specific treatment targeting these changes should be instituted(e.g.,gabapentinoids,ketamine or tricyclic antidepressants).Suitable tools are now available to make altered central processing visible,including quantitative sensory testing,electroencephalograpy and(functional) magnetic resonance imaging.These techniques are potentially clinically useful diagnostic tools to analyze central pain processing and thus define optimum management approaches for pain in CP and other visceral pain syndromes.The present review proposes a systematic mechanism-orientated approach to pain management in CP based on a holistic view of the mechanisms involved.Future research should address the circumstances under which central nervous system pain processing changes in CP,and how this is influenced by ongoing nociceptive input and therapies.Thus we hope to predict which patients are at risk for developing chronic pain or not responding to therapy,leading to improved treatment of chronic pain in CP and other visceral pain disorders.     

Airway compromise during central venous cannulation in an undiagnosed tubercular retropharyngeal abscess: A case report

Central venous cannulation is often associated with complications during insertion even by expert''s hand and with the aid of ultrasound. We encountered a patient for central line insertion through the right internal jugular vein having a retropharyngeal abscess of tubercular origin. We accidentally punctured the abscess cavity leading to increased respiratory distress and subsequent need of intubation to the patient. This kind of complication during central line insertion has never been reported before. We intend to report such a case to alert everyone about the grave complications it can lead to and the methods to minimize them in the times ahead.