Analysis of reflex activity in cardiac sympathetic nerve induced by myelinated phrenic nerve afferents

Electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve afferents evoked excitatory responses in the right inferior cardiac sympathetic nerve in chloralose-anaesthetized cats. The reflex was recorded in intact and spinal cats. The latency and threshold of the volley recorded from the phrenic nerve as well as of the cord dorsum potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve indicated that group III afferents were responsible for this reflex. The phrenicocardiac sympathetic reflex recorded in intact cats was followed by a silent period. The maximum amplitude of the reflex discharges was 800 microV, the latency was 83 ms and the central transmission time 53 ms. Duration of the silent period lasted up to 0.83 s. In spinal cats the reflex was recorded 5.5-8 h after spinalization. The maximum amplitude of the spinal reflex discharges ranged from 22 to 91 microV and the latency from 36 to 66 ms.     

Sources of P300 attenuation after head injury: Single-trial amplitude, latency jitter, and EEG power

Single trial amplitude, latency jitter, and electroencephalographic (EEG) power were examined as sources of the group difference in averaged P300 amplitude among 15 traumatically brain injured and 20 control individuals in an auditory oddball paradigm. Mean amplitude of the individual trials was highly correlated with the amplitude of the averaged P300, with little additional unique variance attributable to latency jitter or EEG power. The group difference in P300 amplitude was also explained by the mean amplitude of the single trials. These results support the robustness of the event-related potential averaging technique within the paradigm used.     

Arthroscopy of the knee in children and adolescents

A retrospective review was done of 69 children and adolescents (7-17 years old) who underwent 75 arthroscopies of the knee during a 5-year period. Girls were overrepresented (71%). Thirty-eight were children under the age of 16. Of 46 injuries, 34 (74%) happened during sports. Children and adolescents were divided into two age groups based on their presumed state of skeletal maturity (boys 9–15 and girls 7–14 in group I and boys 16–17 and girls 15–17 in group II); meniscal lesions were equally common in the two groups, whereas anterior cruciate ligament tears were more common in older children (NS). Eleven of 17 (65%) anterior cruciate ligament lesions were combined with other intra-articular pathology, most often meniscal tears (9/11). As in other studies, half of the prearthroscopic diagnoses were incorrect. A high frequency of incorrect prearthroscopic diagnoses and of combined lesions justifies arthroscopy as an important diagnostic tool in children and adolescents with a history of twisting knee injury or chronic nonspecific knee problems. Girls practising ball games seem to be especially prone to knee injuries leading to arthroscopy.     

改良超滤对婴幼儿心脏手术输血的影响

目的　观察改良超滤技术在婴幼儿体外循环心血管手术中对输血及术后出血的影响。方法　 6 0例接受体外循环下心血管手术的先天性心脏病患儿 ,均分为对照组 (不接受任何超滤 )、常规超滤组 (CUF组 )和改良超滤组 (MUF组 )。观察术中库血用量、血浆用量、血球压积的变化及术后2 4h出血量 ,并用SSPS/PC进行统计学处理。结果　MUF组库血用量、血浆用量、术后 2 4h出血量显著低于对照组和CUF组 (P <0 0 1) ,且滤出水量明显多于CUF组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　在婴幼儿心血管手术中 ,改良超滤可有效排出体内水分 ,提高血球压积 ,明显减少输血及术后出血 ,是节约用血的重要手段之一。     

猪心脏移植缺血再灌注损伤中NO和NOS的表达

①目的　了解猪同种原位心脏移植术后早期一氧化氮 (NO)、一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)含量的变化 ,及其与早期缺血再灌注损伤的关系。②方法　建立猪同种原位心脏移植模型。供心在移植前低温保存 (Thomas液 ,4℃ ) 4h ,移植成功心脏复搏后 2h取材。应用组织化学方法测定心肌组织中NO、NOS的含量 ,应用核酸原位末端标记法 (TUNEL)测定心肌细胞凋亡指数 ,作为评价心肌缺血再灌注损伤的指标。以正常心肌及单纯缺血心肌组织作为对照。③结果　移植后心肌组织NO、NOS的含量较缺血组与正常组低 ,差异有显著意义 (F =2 7.2 2 9、16 .2 0 3,q =5 .716～ 6 .4 12 ,P <0 .0 1)。移植组心肌细胞凋亡指数与正常组及缺血组比较明显升高 ,差异有显著性(F =16 3.884 ,q =7.4 82、6 .975 ,P <0 .0 1)。心肌组织NO、NOS含量与心肌细胞凋亡指数呈负相关关系 (r =- 0 .886、- 0 .795 ,P <0 .0 1)。④结论　猪心脏移植后早期心肌缺血再灌注损伤所致的细胞死亡主要表现为心肌细胞凋亡 ;再灌注期间内源性NO、NOS的减少参与了心脏移植后早期缺血再灌注损伤的发生     

Treatment of iatrogenic biliary obstruction by balloon dilatation of a biliary jejunal fistula

Biliary obstruction and multiple hepatic abscesses occurred in a patient after ligation of a segmental branch of the right hepatic duct. The patient was successfully managed by transhepatic biliary drainage and balloon dilatation of an internal fistula that developed between the ligated duct and a Roux limb of jejunum. Internal biliary fistulas may be dilated using interventioanl radiologic techniques to permit nonobstructed bile flow. Implications for the nonsurgical treatment' of biliary strictures are discussed.     

跳水运动员颈椎损伤的生物力学研究

作者通过在新鲜成人颈椎标本上做了椎体静力性负荷和动力性负荷实验,表明颈椎在后伸位应力为前屈位的50%,最大应力位于颈椎4-6,是跳水运动员头颈部入水时引起颈椎致伤的生物力学因素。