福建省原发性肝癌遗传因素分析

为了探讨遗传因素与福建省原发性肝癌的关系,应用多种对照配对的病例对照研究方法,对100个原发性肝癌和200个对照家系进行了遗传流行病学分析。结果显示,原发性肝癌先证者一、二级亲属患病率明显高于对照组患病率,分离比为0.04146～0.08654,遗传度加权均值为63.52±4.22％。提示原发性肝癌系多基因遗传病,遗传易感性是原发性肝癌的危险因素之一,原发性肝癌的发生是遗传和环境多种因素共同作用的结果。     

在就诊患者和健康体检者中筛检人胃螺杆菌

目的：通过几种不同的检查方法调查人胃螺杆菌在人群中的感染情况及在慢性胃炎中的致病作用。方法：３８０例行消化道症状的就诊患者和４３２名健康体检者的胃粘膜活检标本分别行涂片、尿素酶试验、１４Ｃ－尿素呼吸试验和组织学检查。结果：人胃螺杆菌在上述两类人群中的感染率分别为２．１１％和１．１６％。涂片Ｇｒａｍ染色和切片ＷＳ银染是目前诊断该菌感染较理想的手段，不论有无症状，患者在组织学上均伴有慢性炎症改变，根据形态学特点该菌可大致分为两型，分别与某些动物胃内的螺旋菌相似。结论：人胃螺杆菌在人群中感染率较低，可能是一种源自动物的慢性胃炎相关性病原菌。     

Identifying patients at risk for,and treatment of major psychiatric complications of cancer

A critically important aspect of supportive care in cancer is the prompt recognition and effective treatment of psychiatric complications. Psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and delirium occur in a signifcant percentage of cancer patients, particularly as disease advances and as cancer treatments become more aggressive. This paper reviews factors that can be utilized to identify patients who are at increased risk for developing psychiatric complications, such as those with advanced disease, certain cancer treatments, uncontrolled physical symptoms, functional limitations, lack of social support, and past history of psychiatric disorder. Methods of diagnostic assessment and strategies for managing depression, anxiety, delirium and suicidal ideation are also reviewed.Presented as an invited lecture at the 6th International Symposium: Supportive Care in Cancer, New Orleans, La., USA, 2–5 March 1994     

Kindergarten and first grade: A time for developing and nurturing gifted behaviors in young children

This article concludes that there is a tremendous need for gifted programs at the kindergarten and first grade levels. A review of the literature suggests that it is difficult to identify young gifted children through traditional screening techniques. The author concludes that Renzulli's Enrichment Triad Model may prove useful for identifying young gifted children.     

奥美拉唑静脉给药治疗上消化道大出血的疗效观察

本文阐述了奥美拉唑（Ｏｍｅｐｒａｚｏｌｅ）治疗急性上消化道大出血８０例与法莫替丁（Ｆａｍｏｔｉｄｉｎｅ）治疗上消化道大出血５０例比较，前者有效率明显高于后者。提示奥美拉唑治疗急性上消化道大出血效果好，无副作用，减少了手术率、死亡率，是一种有效的止血药物。     

白洋淀上游蓄污工程沿岸地下水污染状况及对居民健康影响的调查

白洋淀污染一直是国家和河北省所关注的问题，对白洋淀上游蓄污工程沿岸小环境调查表明；饮用深层地下水受到城市工业废水的污染，主要污染物为有机物。污染区儿童贫血率、白细胞计数、舒张压高于非污染区，白细胞吞噬率低于非污染区，居民恶性肿瘤标化死亡比高于非污染区，肝癌标化死亡比明显上升。     

Laboratory screening method for selection of healthy volunteers

The aim of laboratory screening in Phase I is to exclude subjects with subclinical illness, who might be at increased risk in the study, and who might also adversely influence interpretation of the results. A new method for laboratory screening, based on Bayesian probability theory, is proposed, which consists of: 1. Drawing up a list of diseases to be excluded. 2. Defining for each disease, the maximum acceptable risk that an included subject could be affected by it. 3. Identifying one test for each disease. 4. Using a contingency table to calculate the specificity of the test and integrating the estimated prevalence of the disease from epidemiological data. 5. Applying the percentage obtained by the calculation of specificity to the previously determined distribution of values in the volunteer population to identify the threshold value for inclusion. Use of this deductive method in screening volunteers for Phase I trials affords increased security of selection, while reducing the number of non-pertinent exclusions because of laboratory findings.     

Screening of somatization disorder: validation of the Spanish version of the Othmer and DeSouza Test

The objective of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Othmer and DeSouza Screening Test for Somatization Disorder. We have designed a validity study using the Standardized Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview, an instrument specifically designed to diagnose psychiatric morbidity in medical settings as the ‘golden rule’. The control group displayed ‘functional’ and ‘presenting’ somatization. The Othmer and DeSouza Screening Test, with a threshold of three symptoms, shows 88% sensitivity, 78% specificity and a misclassification rate of 17%. It is concluded that Othmer and DeSouza's screening test, with a threshold of three symptoms, is a useful tool for the diagnosis of somatization disorder in medical and primary care settings in Spain. Discrepancies with US findings are discussed on a cross-cultural basis.     

A daily process design study of attentional pain control strategies in the self-management of cancer pain.

This study investigated the use of attentional control strategies in the self-management of pain using daily process design methodology. Twenty six cancer patients with pain completed diaries 3 times daily for 10 days. Diaries incorporated measures of pain intensity, affect, coping, coping efficacy, and the novelty and predictability of pain, and participants completed a cross-sectional measure of catastrophizing. At the across-person level, focusing on pain was associated with increased negative affect, and the use of pain focusing strategies was positively correlated with experiencing pain that was novel in its location or quality. Distractions that were interesting, important and pleasant were positively correlated with positive affect, perceptions of control over pain and ability to decrease pain. Over-prediction of pain was positively correlated with catastrophizing, and negatively correlated with perceptions of control over and ability to decrease pain. The within-person analysis (ARIMA modelling) showed that catastrophizing moderated the effects of pain focusing strategies, novel pain and over-predictions of pain. Meta-analysis of the ARIMA models revealed that the within-person effects of using attentional strategies did not generalize across the sample. These findings indicated that the effects of distraction strategies are influenced by their motivational-affective significance rather than the frequency with which they are used, and provided further evidence that the threat value of pain influences the way in which people cope with their pain. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.