肿瘤物理治疗技术及设备

简要介绍了肿瘤的放射治疗和热治疗的技术及设备，介绍了各种技术及设备的特点。     

First clinical experiences with an implantable bone conduction hearing aid at the University of Amsterdam

Summary A transcutaneous bone-conduction hearing aid was implanted in 11 patients who were not suitable for transcranial sound amplification. Audiological and surgical selection criteria were followed strictly. One device had to be explanted and minor revision surgery was needed in two cases for skin irritation and scarring. In general the aids were well tolerated but the amplification power of the external device proved to be insufficient in some patients, in whom bone conduction levels were on the borderline of the selection limits. Correspondence to: W.A. Dreschler     

双功能域重组FN多肽抑制癌细胞浸润能力的研究

在制备了两个Cell Ⅰ-Hep Ⅱ 双结构域重组FN多肽(CH50和CH56)的基础上,研究其抑制肿瘤细胞浸润能力的作用。两个多肽的结构差异是CH50中删除了Cell I和HepⅡ之间的Ⅲ-11和ED-A结构顺序。CH50(ED_(50)为30.2 nmol/L)结合细胞的能力略高于CH56(ED_(50)为45.4 nmol/L)。两种多肽均可显著抑制黑色素瘤B16/F1细胞结合层粘素的能力,抑制作用相同。在体内肿瘤浸润抑制试验中,两种多肽均可显著抑制癌细胞浸润能力,使肺转移结节数降低80％左右。结果提示:Ⅲ-11和ED-A结构顺序对Cell Ⅰ-Hep Ⅱ 双结构域多肽结合细胞的能力有一定的影响,但删除Ⅲ-11和ED-A不是重组多肽抑制肿瘤转移的决定因素,Cell I和Hep Ⅱ 这两个结构域单独连接在一起是其抑制肿瘤细胞转移的结构基础。     

Continuous laser radiation effect at 1.06 microns on gastrointestinal tract

The thermal effect of 1.06 microns YAG:Nd laser irradiation at temperature conditions up to 100 degrees C without crater formation on gastrointestinal (GI) tissue samples was investigated. The theoretical and experimental data show that at an intensity of 160-400 W/cm2 laser-induced heating of the tissue with an initial temperature of 20 degrees C leads to coagulation lesions at a temperature no less than 60 degrees C and at a depth of 1.7-2.1 mm.     

Bone marrow fat content in relation to bone remodeling and serum chemistry in intact and ovariectomized dogs

Summary It was previously shown that 11 months after ovariectomy the volume fraction of trabecular bone in the spine and 11th rib medullary canal of Beagle dogs (6 control, 9 ovariectomized) was significantly reduced. In this paper it is shown that these changes are accompanied by increased marrow fat volume in the 11th rib (59.0±9.5% vs. 44.3 ±10.0%). Conversely, the volume fraction of functional (hematopoietic) cells in the marrow was reduced by ovariectomy. Additionally, variations in marrow fat volume were tested for correlation with 22 other variables pertinent to bone physiology. Marrow fat volume was significantly positively correlated with serum osteocalcin, rib trabecular bone porosity, rib cross-sectional area, and gains in body weight. It was negatively correlated with serum estrogen concentrations and the extent of rib trabecular surfaces labeled with tetracycline.     

Expression and distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in human brain tumors

Marked neovascularization is a hallmark of many neoplasms in the nervous system. Recent reports indicate that the endothelial mitogen vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play a critical role in the regulation of vascular endothelial proliferation in malignant gliomas. Using novel monoclonal antibodies to the VEGF polypeptide we have determined the expression and cellular distribution of VEGF protein in a representative series of 171 human central nervous system (CNS) tumors by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. In agreement with previous in situ hybridization data, 19 out of 20 glioblastomas (95%) showed immunoreactivity for VEGF, whereas both the percentage of immunoreactive tumors and the extent of immunoreactivity for VEGF were significantly lower in astrocytomas. Of the pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I) 44% were immunoreactive for VEGF, but we observed several cases with pronounced vascular proliferates in the absence of VEGF. In ependymomas, meningiomas, hemangioblastomas, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors, there was no correlation between VEGF expression, vascular endothelial proliferation and the grade of malignancy. Oligodendrogliomas and the oligodendroglial component of mixed gliomas lacked immunoreactive VEGF, indicating that endothelial growth factors other than VEGF may regulate tumor angiogenesis in these neoplasms. Western blot analysis showed a predominant VEGF protein species of 23 kDa and confirmed the immunohistochemical data in all cases. Our findings demonstrate that VEGF is expressed in a wide spectrum of brain tumors in which it may induce neovascularization. However, other angiogenic factors also appear to contribute to the vascularization of CNS neoplasms. Received: 18 April 1996 / Revised, accepted: 20 August 1996     

A Disseminated Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma in a 9-Year-Old Boy Disclosed by Chromosomal Translocation (2;13) (q35;q14)

A 9-year-old boy presented with a small subcutaneous tumor of the trunk and diffuse bone marrow involvement. The first histological diagnosis given was undifferentiated malignancy possibly of neural crest origin and chemotherapy was started immediately using vincristine, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and teniposide (OPEC). Complete response was achieved after four courses of chemotherapy. Histological slides were then reviewed and the final diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was retained. Moreover, chromosome analysis of malignant cells in the bone marrow revealed a translocation involving chromosomes 2 and 13:t(2;13) (q35;q14). This specific karyotype finding has been recently reported in a few cases and could be specific for alveolar RMS. The patient had a relapse 7 months after diagnosis and died 4 months later.     

颅面联合入路切除颅眶鼻沟通瘤

本文报告了颅面联合入路成功切除颅眶鼻沟通瘤5例,包括上颌窦腺鳞癌及胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤各1例,嗅神经母细胞瘤2例,分化好的软骨肉瘤1例。重点讨论了手术方法,眼球保留及颅底修复等问题。     

Assessment of the invasive potential of human gynecological tumor cell lines with the in vitro Boyden chamber assay: influences of the ability of cells to migrate through the filter membrane

The Boyden chamber assay is widely used for in vitro measurement of the invasive capacity of cells. However, results can be affected significantly if certain precautions are not taken. Using the Boyden chamber assay we investigated in vitro the invasive potential of a variety of human gynecological tumor cell lines to degrade and migrate through the artificial basement membrane matrix Matrigel. However, in the absence of this Matrigel layer large differences were observed in the ability of cells to adhere to, migrate through and attach to the lower side of the filter membranes. These differences were influenced by cell density, degree of directional locomotion, and the size of the filter pores. To adjust for these influences (which are not directly correlated to the capacity of cells to traverse the Matrigel layer), invasion results were corrected for the ability of cells to migrate through the filter membrane. In addition, the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells was used as an internal standard to compensate for variations in the Matrigel layer between different experiments. Overall, in our experimental set up, the five human breast cancer cell lines were the most invasive (mean invasion ± SEM relative to MDA-MB-231 invasion: 104.7 ± 6.1%), the five human ovarian cancer cell lines the least invasive (60.2 ± 2.2%) and the six human endometrial cancer cell lines showed an intermediate capacity (79.1 ± 3.5%). In conclusion, the Boyden chamber assay can be used reliably for studying the invasive potential of cells in vitro, if the ability of the cells to migrate through the filter is taken into account, and a reference cell line is included to enable comparison of the data obtained from independently performed experiments on different cell lines.