颅内动脉瘤致蛛网膜下腔出血的血管内介入治疗的疗效和并发症

目的：探讨颅内动脉瘤致蛛网膜下腔出血的血管内介入治疗的疗效和并发症。方法：对我院采用血管内介入治疗的颅内动脉瘤致蛛网膜下腔出血患者30例的临床资料进行分析。结果：30例患者经造影检查均证实为颅内动脉瘤导致的蛛网膜下腔出血,均于全麻下进行血管内介入治疗,29例患者栓塞成功,其中26例患者痊愈出院,术后无失语、偏瘫、意识和智力障碍等严重的后遗症发生,术后随访3年无再出血病例。采用血管内介入治疗后患者的住院时间明显缩短。结论：血管内介入治疗颅内动脉瘤致蛛网膜下腔出血具有适应症广,后遗症少、住院时间短的特点,值得临床推广使用。     

后交通动脉的显微外科解剖及其临床意义

目的 探讨后交通动脉及其分支血管的显微解剖结构特点及其临床意义。方法取15例(30侧) 10%甲醛固定的成人尸头标本,男9例(18侧),女6例(12侧)。开颅后自桥脑水平离断脑干取出大脑,保留Willis环的完整性;显微镜下观察后交通动脉的起始部位、分支血管数量,测量后交通动脉的长度、起始部外径,并根据其管径进行分型;观测后交通动脉最粗大分支乳头体前动脉的起始部位及起始部外径,并根据其形态特点进行分型。结果 30侧后交通动脉均发自颈内动脉外侧壁。左侧长度(13.63±0.42)mm,直径(1.72±0.56)mm,发出分支血管(6.92±0.55)支;右侧长度(14.42±0.46)mm,直径(1.81±0.60)mm,发出分支血管(6.22±0.48)支。后交通动脉为胚胎型4侧,过渡型2例,发育不全型7侧,成人型17侧。15例30侧标本中,乳头体前动脉缺如1侧,其余29侧后交通动脉均发出乳头体前动脉,其中单干型24侧、双干型3侧、多干型2侧。29侧乳头体前动脉中,起自后交通动脉的前1/3者7侧,中1/3者15侧,后1/3者6侧,后交通动脉与大脑后动脉汇合处者1侧。结论 后交通动脉的管径及其分支血管的数量、起始部位、管径等均存在一定的变异;处理鞍区病变,特别是显微夹闭后交通动脉瘤时,应详细了解后交通动脉的解剖结构特点,并注重分支血管的保护,对患者的预后具有重要的临床意义。     

GDC栓塞术中颅内动脉瘤再破裂的原因、对策与结果

目的探讨电解脱弹簧圈(Guglialm i detachab le coil,GDC)颅内动脉瘤栓塞术中动脉瘤再破裂的发生率、原因、对策及结果。方法302例颅内动脉瘤破裂患者行GDC栓塞术,其中8例发生术中动脉瘤再破裂。结果2例由微导丝穿破动脉瘤壁引起,3例由微导管穿破动脉瘤壁引起,2例由置放首枚弹簧圈时顶破动脉瘤壁引起,l例术中自发破裂,所有病例均继续行GDC动脉瘤填塞。2例死于动脉瘤破裂后大出血,其他6例均康复没有留下后遗症。本组术中动脉瘤再破裂发生率为2.6%,死亡率为25%。结论GDC血管内栓塞术中引起动脉瘤再破裂是十分少见的,但大部分病例经过继续填塞GDC可达到完全填塞动脉瘤,且不留下后遗症。     

杂交手术治疗累及弓部的Stanford B型主动脉夹层的疗效分析

目的:探讨杂交手术在治疗累及弓部的Stanford B型主动脉夹层（TBAD）中的有效性和安全性。方法:前瞻性描述性研究。纳入2020年1月—2021年9月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院血管外科确诊为累及弓部的TBAD患者。其中男16例,女5例;年龄32~81（59.7±12.9）岁。患者均采用外科转流术和胸主动脉腔内修复术相...     

Alteration of hemodynamics in aneurysm models by stenting: Influence of stent porosity

Recent developments in minimally invasive approach to cerebrovascular diseases include the placement of stents in arteries for treatment of aneurysms. Preliminary clinical observations and experimental studies have shown that intravascular stents traversing the orifice may lead to thrombosis and subsequent occlusion of the aneurysm. The alterations in vessel local hemodynamics due to the introduction of a stent are not yet well understood. We investigated changes in local hemodynamics resulting from stent implantation. Pulsatile flow patterns in an experimental flow appraratus were visualized using laser-induced fluorescence of rhodamine dye. The test cells were constructed in a rectangular shape to facilitate an undisturbed longitudinal view of flow patterns in parent vessel and aneurysm models with and without porous stents. Woven nitinol stents of various porosities (76%, 80%, 82%, and 85%) were investigated. The selected fluid dynamic similarity parameters (Reynolds and Womersley numbers) represented conditions usually found in high-flow, larger arteries in humans (such as the carotid artery) and low-flow, smaller arteries (such as the vertebral artery). The mean Reynolds number for the larger arteries was 180, with maximum/minimum values of 490/−30 and the Womersley number was 5.3. The mean Reynolds number for the smaller arteries was 90, with maximum/minimum values of 230/2, and the Womersley number was 2.7. For the larger arteries modeled, placement of a stent of the lowest porosity across the aneurysm orifice resulted in reduction of aneurysmal vortex speed and decreased interaction with parent vessel flow. For smaller arteries, a stent of the same porosity led to a substantial reduction of parent vessel/aneurysmal flow interaction and the appearance of a nonrecirculating crescent of fluid rich in rhodamine dye in the aneurysm dome. Our results can help explainin vivo thrombus formation within an aneurysm after placement of a stent that is compatible with local hemodynamics.     

A case of multiple immunoglobulin G4-related periarteritis: a tumorous lesion of the coronary artery and abdominal aortic aneurysm

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease can occur in various organs, most of which are glandular or ductal tissues. Here, we report a case of multiple IgG4-related vascular lesions. A 63-year-old patient was found to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a tumorous lesion around the right coronary artery. The surgically resected aneurysmal wall and a tumorous lesion of the right coronary artery showed similar histologic features including diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, occasional eosinophils, and obliterative phlebitis. Immunohistochemically, numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells were evident within the lesions. The serum concentrations of IgG4 in the preoperative period was 456 mg/dL (reference range, <135), which decreased to 242 mg/dL 2 weeks after surgery. We made a diagnosis of multiple IgG4-related periarteritis manifesting as an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a tumorous nodule of the coronary artery. This case report suggested that IgG4-related disease can occur in the vascular system and manifest as an aneurysm or a periarterial mass lesion.     

支架介入治疗颈内动脉狭窄和动脉瘤对动脉瘤壁面压力的影响

目的研究当狭窄与动脉瘤毗邻时,使用支架介入治疗后对动脉瘤壁面压力产生的影响。方法使用计算流体动力学分析的方法对动脉瘤模型及狭窄和动脉瘤毗邻的模型进行对比研究。构建3个模型(M1、M2、M3)对压力变化进行分析比较。M1是颈内动脉瘤模型(无狭窄、无支架),在M1中的动脉瘤前构造一段狭窄动脉形成M2,在M2的动脉瘤部位植入支架后形成M3。结果 M2、M1两个模型相比较,轻度狭窄(50%)引起的动脉瘤部位的压力增加约为1.369 9 kPa(10.3 mmHg)(收缩期的峰值时刻),一个心动周期内动脉瘤部位的平均压力增加约为0.572 kPa(4.3 mmHg)。M3、M2两个模型相比较,动脉瘤部位的压力增加大约为1.037 kPa(7.8 mmHg)(收缩期的峰值时刻),一个心动周期内动脉瘤部位的平均压力增加大约为0.399 kPa(3 mmHg)。结论当使用支架治疗狭窄与弯曲颅内动脉瘤毗邻的患者时,轻度狭窄不会导致显著压力增加。载瘤动脉的形状、动脉瘤或动脉狭窄疾病确实对动脉瘤部位压力变化有影响。     

脑动脉瘤 DSA 影像质量控制的研究进展

数字减影血管造影（DSA）是当前脑血管疾病诊断及疗效评估的“金标准”,对出血性脑卒中和缺血性脑卒中具有诊断上的高敏感度、高特异度和高准确度的优点。特别是对颅内动脉瘤进行 DSA 造影,可以明确载瘤血管,并可以多角度观察动脉瘤体的起源、形态、位置、大小、瘤颈等情况,对颅内动脉瘤后期治疗方法的选择及术后评估起着非常重要的作用。介入影像是影像学诊断和治疗的依据,高质量的脑动脉瘤介入影像则是介入手术者在术中的重要指引,介入手术者需要依靠清晰的、实时的介入影像来诊断血管疾病,以确定下一步的检查与治疗方法。因此,介入影像质量的高低与介入手术成功与否息息相关。影响脑动脉瘤介入影像质量的因素较多,而对这些因素进行深入研究的相关文献并不多,需进一步研究。该文将重点分析脑动脉瘤介入影像质量的影响因素,总结提高脑动脉瘤介入影像质量的方法,目的是在合理的 X 射线辐射范围内提升介入影像的质量,提高介入手术的成功率。