髂动脉夹层动脉瘤1例

患者男,65岁.因前列腺手术前常规B超检查偶然发现左中下腹一包块而行彩超检查.所用仪器:ALOKA SSD-1700 Ⅱ型,探头频率3.5 MHz.     

主动脉夹层的治疗进展

主动脉夹层发病急骤、病死率高、预后差。近年来随着腔内技术治疗主动脉疾病的发展,极大地改善了主动脉夹层的治疗效果,连同治疗理念亦发生了重大的变革。分类上,出现了一些新的分型系统来指导夹层的诊疗;治疗上,Stanford A型夹层仍以开放手术为主;复杂性Stanford B型夹层,腔内修复术已成为首选手术方式,同时越来越多的证据表明,对于非复杂性Stanford B型夹层,早期行腔内修复术远期效果更佳。     

MSCT 3D-CTA在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后复查评价中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像（MSCT 3D-CTA）在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后复查评价的应用意义。方法回顾性分析48例实施颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者的术前、后MSCT 3D-CTA资料。采用16排螺旋CT扫描,用最大密度投影（MIP）、容积重建（VR）和多平面重建（MPR）技术对原始采集数据进行后处理。结果复查的48例患者中,发现动脉瘤夹48个,其中,前交通动脉瘤15例,后交通动脉瘤18例,大脑中动脉瘤15例。MSCT3D-CTA发现动脉瘤残留6例,载瘤动脉局限性狭窄12例,伴有血管痉挛9例,未见明显异常21例。所有病例未见载瘤动脉闭塞及动脉瘤夹滑脱、移位。VR成像中,36例清晰显示动脉瘤夹与载瘤动脉的三维空间关系,9例较清晰显示,3例动脉瘤近胼周者显示欠佳;在MIP和MPR成像中,动脉瘤夹形态及大小均能清晰显示,但三维空间感较VR略差。结论 MSCT 3D-CTA是颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后经济、安全、有效的复查方法,VR和MIP、MPR等后处理技术的联合运用可以更好地显示颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后的改变。     

Genomic insights into abdominal aortic aneurysms

Introduction

An individual’s genetic background plays a significant role in his or her chances of developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This risk is likely to be due to a combination of multiple small effect genetic factors acting together, resulting in considerable difficulty in the identification of these factors.

Methods

Methods for the identification of genetic factors associated with disease are usually based on the analysis of genetic variants in case-control studies. Over the last decade, owing to advances in bioinformatics and laboratory technology, these studies have progressed from focusing on the examination of a single genetic variant in each study to the examination of many millions of variants in a single experiment. We have conducted a series of such experiments using these methods.

Results

Our original methods using candidate gene approaches led to the initial identification of a genetic variant in the interleukin-10 gene associated with AAA. However, further studies failed to confirm this association and highlighted the necessity for adequately powered studies to be conducted, as well as the need for confirmatory studies to be performed, prior to the acceptance of a variant as a risk for disease. The subsequent application of genomic techniques to our sample set, in a global collaboration, has led to the identification of three robustly verified risk loci for AAA in the LRP1, LDLR and SORT1 genes.

Conclusions

Genomic studies of AAA have led to the identification of new pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AAA. The exploration of these pathways has the potential to unlock new avenues for therapeutic intervention to prevent the development and progression of AAA.     

Effects of Milrinone continuous intravenous infusion on global cerebral oxygenation and cerebral vasospasm after cerebral aneurysm surgical clipping

BackgroundCerebral vasospasm (CVS) is a disabling disease with high morbidity and mortality risk. Milrinone (phosphodiesterase III inhibitor) has inotropic and vasodilator effects, noninvasive transcranial cerebral oximetry (rSO2%) useful in estimating the effect of triple-H therapy preventive measures against CVS.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to clarify the value of the use of Milrinone continuous IV infusion as a cerebral vasodilator in post-clipping spasm prevention during the period of maximum vasospasm incidence, guided by noninvasive rSO2%.MethodsPost-clipping all patients extubated in the operative room, shifted to Neurosurgical ICU, and fully monitored. Then, in the period from 4th till the 11th day post-clipping, they were divided into two groups 15 patients each: Group 1: control group, given Norepinephrine continuous IV infusion alone in a dose ranges from 0.05 to 0.2 μg/kg/min. Group 2: given Norepinephrine continuous IV infusion 0.05–0.2 μg/kg/min, Plus Milrinone starting with 50 μg/kg bolus dose, followed by IV infusion at a rate of [0.5–0.75 μg/kg/min]. IMAP, ICP and CPP, GCS, Norepinephrine dose, rSO2%, were recorded every 6 h for the next 168 h. Any attack of cerebral vascular spasm recorded as number and % in each group as an incident.ResultsMBP, rSO2%, ICP, CPP, Norepinephrine Infusion dose, and GCS were significantly increased in Group (2) in comparison with Group (1) mostly during the period of the study. CVS occurrence was significantly lower in group (2), i.e., (20%) cases compared to (46.6%) in group (1).ConclusionsMilrinone improved significantly the global cerebral oxygenation and reduced the incidence of cerebral vasospasm during the dangerous period of cerebral spasm after cerebral aneurysm clipping.     

Asymptomatic Penetration of the Oculomotor Nerve by a De Novo Aneurysm Associated with Severe Atherosclerotic Stenosis of the Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery

A 70-year-old woman presented with headaches and recurrent stroke symptoms. During five years, the patient has been treated for cerebral infarction associated with severe atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Three-year follow-up magnetic resonance angiography showed a tiny de novo aneurysm arising from the distal part of atherosclerotic internal carotid artery. And 5-year follow-up three-dimensional CT angiogram demonstrated a definite aneurysm enlargement as large as requiring treatment. During dissection of aneurysm, the oculomotor nerve was found to be penetrated with the growing de novo aneurysm. The authors report a case of a de novo aneurysm, which resulted from atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery at the supraclinoid portion, that was found to be penetrating the oculomotor nerve with no ocular palsy.     

自发性额颞叶脑内血肿的急救处理

目的 探讨自发性额颞叶脑内血肿的急救处理措施.方法 回顾性分析27例自发性额颞叶脑内血肿合并蛛网膜下隙出血或脑室出血患者的抢救经过及手术经验.23例行外科手术,4例发生脑疝患者急诊在全身麻醉插管下行开颅血肿清除、动脉瘤夹闭术、去骨瓣减压术;7例既往有高血压病史,考虑高血压脑出血,急诊在全身麻醉下行开颅血肿清除、去骨瓣减压术;12例大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂出血,择机行开颅血肿清除、动脉瘤夹闭术.4例数字减影血管造影（DSA）或CT血管造影（CTA）未发现异常,予以保守治疗,其中1例1个月后复查DSA提示动静脉畸形,予伽马刀治疗.结果 术后因严重脑梗死导致死亡2例,对25例患者随访6个月,按格拉斯哥预后量表（GOS）分级：预后良好17例,预后不良7例,植物状态1例.结论 自发性额颞叶脑内血肿已形成脑疝的病例,应尽快解除脑疝和占位效应,尽早手术挽救生命;对未形成脑疝患者,行DSA或CTA明确诊断后,选择合理的治疗方案.充分的术前评估、合理的手术时机、良好的显微外科手术技巧,能有效改善预后.     

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层46例临床分析

目的 评价腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析46例StanfordB型主动脉夹层行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗患者的临床资料,所有患者均经股动脉切开置入覆膜支架封堵胸主动脉破裂口,分析手术方法、手术结果、术后并发症及随访结果.结果 46例患者手术均获成功,术后住院5～20（12.9±3.4）d,术中2例出现残余内瘘,经重复扩张后内瘘减轻.随访2d至5.1年,平均36个月,随访期间有1例患者术后出现腔隙性脑梗死,1例患者出院后2d死亡,其余患者均未再出现主动脉夹层及截瘫等严重并发症.结论 腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的院内及中期疗效满意,明显改善患者的生存率和生活质量.     

老年人动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血115例回顾性分析

目的 研究老年人动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的发病特点。方法 将2013年1月至2017年3月铜陵市人民医院收治的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血115例病人按年龄分为两组,即老年组(年龄≥60岁)与非老年组(年龄＜60岁),收集相关资料,回顾性分析两组病人动脉瘤的一般发病特点。结果 115例病人中,载瘤动脉集中分布于大脑中动脉、前交通动脉、后交通动脉,分别为19例(16.5%)、38例(33.0%)、41例(35.7%)。老年组后交通动脉瘤占比(51%)高于非老年组(23.4%),大脑中动脉瘤占比(7.8%)低于非老年组(23.4%),均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);老年组前交通动脉瘤占比(27.5%)与非老年组(37.5%)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。老年组中以女性发病为主(72.5%,P＜0.05)。两组病人动脉瘤直径、入院时改良Fisher分级、Hunt-Hess(H-H)分级、病死率、出院时格拉斯哥预后评分(Glasgow Outcome Scale,GOS)均差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),GOS为因变量的二元logistic回归分析中,只有H-H分级为评估病人预后的预测因子,呈负相关关系(P＜0.05)。 结论 H-H分级应该可以成为评估动脉瘤病人预后的可靠指标。老年人动脉瘤病人以女性多见,载瘤动脉主要多见于后交通动脉。老年人起病及预后较非老年病人无明显区别,当其H-H分级Ⅳ级及以下时,均应积极进行治疗,年龄不应为临床医师首要考虑的因素。     

Endovascular management of spontaneous delayed migration of the flow-diverter stent

Background and purposeSpontaneous delayed migration of the flow-diverter stent (FD) is an unusual complication that can be fatal. The purpose of this study is to report our experience and review the literature for the management of delayed FD migration.Materials and methodsBetween November 2013 and June 2017, 122 patients treated by FD at our institution were enrolled. We also performed a comprehensive review of the literature.ResultsSix patients (4.9%) were found to have spontaneous delayed migration of their FD. The device migrated proximally in 4 patients and distally in 2 patients. One patient had temporal lobe infarction due to stent migration, and another had subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Three patients were treated with a 2nd or 3rd FD, while 2 were treated with stent-assisted coiling, and one was treated with sacrifice of the parent internal carotid artery. According to our results and the literature, the prevalence rate of delayed FD migration ranges from 2.2% to 4.9%, and the mortality and morbidity rate of delayed FD migration is 40%.ConclusionsNeuro-interventionalists should be aware of this complication and be familiar with risk factors, preventive methods and treatment options. If there is any concern regarding the size or position of the FD, early imaging follow-up and endovascular treatment should be indicated.