小鼠肠腺瘤类器官培养及其辐射敏感性

目的 建立小鼠肠腺瘤类器官的体外培养方法,观察其对电离辐射的反应。方法 采用氧化偶氮甲烷(azoxymethane,AOM)和葡聚糖硫酸钠(detrain sodium sulfate,DSS)诱导小鼠产生肠腺瘤。体外分离腺瘤类隐窝结构,接种于基质胶。通过培养基筛选,确定肠腺瘤类器官的体外培养条件,采用免疫组化染色检测Ki67和β-catenin表达水平。进一步采用X线照射,观察肠腺瘤类器官损伤情况,比较其与大、小肠类器官的辐射敏感性。 结果 经AOM/DSS诱导,小鼠肠腺瘤成瘤率达95%,肿瘤均位于结肠靠近直肠处,肠腺瘤类器官在改良的小肠类器官中生长良好,Ki67阳性腺瘤细胞比例高且β-catenin入核特征明显。经X线照射,各类器官存活比例随辐射剂量增加而降低。9 Gy照射7天后,腺瘤类器官存活率为11.96%±1.42%,高于同剂量大肠类器官的5.46%±1.22% (t=6.0082,P＜0.01),小肠类器官几乎未见存活。腺瘤类器官剂量存活曲线较大、小肠类器官右移,提示其辐射敏感性低于大肠和小肠。 结论 在AOM/DSS诱导产生的小鼠肠腺瘤中成功分离培养出腺瘤类器官,其辐射敏感性低于大、小肠类器官。     

Jiang Zhi Granule protects immunological barrier of intestinal mucosa in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

ContextJiang Zhi Granule (JZG) is known to improve hepatic function, reduce liver fat deposition and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).ObjectiveTo determine the protective mechanism of JZG on immunological barrier of intestinal mucosa in rats with diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Materials and methodsA Sprague-Dawley (SD) model of NASH was established using a high-fat diet and 1% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) through drinking water. The rats were randomized into four groups and treated for four weeks, respectively, including normal control (NC), model control (MC), positive control (PC) and JZG. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) cells were isolated and cultured to assess a potential disruption of the enteric immune barrier. Also, investigation of intestinal mucosal dendritic cell-toll-like-receptor-myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (DC-TLR-MyD88) signalling pathway in vitro was examined.ResultsThe lethal concentration 50 (LD₅₀) of JZG was greater than 5 g/kg, while its inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀) was 1359 μg/mL in HepG2. In JZG group, the plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and serum endotoxin were significantly (p < 0.01) reduced. In contrast, plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased. Furthermore, proinflammatory factor, interferon-γ (IFN-γ)+ from CD4+ T cells in DSS-induced NASH rats increased significantly (p < 0.01) compared to NC group. Importantly, JZG treatment substantially decreased (p < 0.01) the relative expressions of TLR-44 and MyD88.ConclusionsJZG treatment may protect immunological barrier of intestinal mucosa in NASH individual.     

Alpha tryptase allele of Tryptase 1 (TPSAB1) gene associated with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) in Vietnam and Philippines

We previously reported, significantly higher levels of Chymase and Tryptase in early stage plasma of DSS patients prior to the occurrence of shock suggesting a possible role of mast cells in dengue pathogenesis. To further investigate, we analyzed CMA1 promoter SNP (rs1800875) and TPSAB1 gene alleles, which encode the Human Chymase and α- and β- tryptase 1 enzymes respectively, for susceptibility to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) in patients from hospitals in Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City and Vinh Long) and the Philippines. While the CMA1 promoter SNP (rs1800875) was not associated with DHF/DSS, the homozygous form of α-tryptase allele was associated with DSS patients in Vinh Long and the Philippines (OR = 3.52, p < 0.0001; OR = 3.37, p < 0.0001, respectively) and with DHF in Ho Chi Minh City (OR = 2.54, p = 0.0084). Also, a statistically significant association was observed when DHF and DSS were combined in Vinh Long (OR = 1.5, p = 0.034) and the Philippines (OR = 2.36, p = 0.0004); in Ho Chi Minh City when DHF and DSS were combine an association was observed, but it was not statistically significant (OR = 1.5, p = 0.0505). Therefore, the α-tryptase might have a possible effect on the susceptibility to severe form of Dengue infection.     

Cardioprotective effect of water and ethanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza in an experimental model of myocardial infarction

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Salvia miltiorrhiza has long been used in the traditional Chinese formulations for the treatment of heart ischemic diseases.

Aim of the study

We investigated the cardioprotective effect of purified Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (SME) in an experimental model of acute myocardial infarction.

Materials and methods

Following induction of acute myocardial infarction in rats by adminstration of isoproterenol, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters were monitored and recorded continuously, cardiac enzymes and parameters of oxidative stress were measured, and histopathological examination of heart tissue was performed. Experiments were performed in rats treated with SME or vehicle, as well as in those treated with Fufang Danshen Tablet (FDT) as a positive control which has previously been shown to prevent myocardial ischemia.

Results

Isoproterenol-treated rats showed reductions in left ventricular systolic pressure as well as in maximum and minimum rate of developed left ventricular pressure, together with an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. They also demonstrated ST-segment elevation, together with increases in serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde, as well as decreases in serum activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Oral administration of SME (29.76 or 59.52 mg/kg) blunted all of the hemodynamic and biochemical changes induced by isoproterenol, as did FDT (1210 mg/kg). The protective effect of SME on isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage was further confirmed by histopathological examination.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that SME affords protection against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.     

Prophylactic role of curcumin in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis murine model

We have addressed in this study the possible protective role of the main principle of turmeric pigment; curcumin on a murine model of ulcerative colitis (UC). Colitis was induced by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (3% W/V) in drinking water to male Swiss albino rats for 5 consecutive days. DSS challenge induced UC model that was well characterized morphologically and biochemically. DSS produced shrinkage of colon length and increased the relative colon weight/length ratio accompanied by mucosal edema and bloody stool. Histologically, DSS produced submucosal erosions, ulceration, inflammatory cell infiltration and crypt abscess as well as epithelioglandular hyperplasia. The model was confirmed biochemically, and the test battery entailed elevated serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and colonic activity of myleoperoxidase (MPO). Colonic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and its substrate concentration; GSH, were notably reduced, while lipid peroxidation, expressed as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and total nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased. Prior administration of curcumin (100 mg/kg, IP) for 7 consecutive days ahead of DSS challenge mitigated the injurious effects of DSS and ameliorated all the altered biochemical parameters. These results suggest that curcumin could possibly have a protective role in ulcerative colitis probably via regulation of oxidant/anti-oxidant balance and modulation of the release of some inflammatory endocoids, namely TNF-α and NO.