双探头符合线路断层显像（SPECT／CT）和增强CT扫描对29例肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期的比较分析

目的 评价SPECT对肺癌淋巴结分期的诊断价值。方法 对29例肺癌患者进行胸部SPECT显像，勾划肺内病灶感兴趣区（ROI）。在对侧相应位置复制相同大小（ROI）测定靶／非靶比值（T／N）和病灶大小。进行纵隔淋巴结分期，并与同期增强CT纵隔淋巴结分期结果比较。结果 SPECT对纵隔淋巴结转移诊断的灵敏度、特异性均高于增强CT的诊断。结论 SPECT对肺癌纵隔淋巴结的准确分期有很高的应用价值，有助于指导临床治疗方案的制定。     

B/C基因型的乙型肝炎病毒在不同ALT状态下对乙型肝炎相关性肾炎的差异性影响

【目的】探讨不同ALT状态下B/C基因型的乙型肝炎病毒对乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎的差异性影响。【方法】回顾性分析兰州大学第一医院确诊为乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎的患者558例,所选病人均病历完整,均接受过肾组织病理学检查,化验指标包括：丙氨酸氨基转移酶、肌酐、尿β2微球蛋白、尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶、血尿素氮、肾小球滤过率、乙型肝炎病毒载量及基因型。【结果】B型C型基因型的乙肝相关性肾小球肾炎均以弥漫性膜增生性肾病为主（57.9%vs.54.4%）,其次为毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎（25.3%vs.28.0%）,局灶节段肾小球硬化（9.7%vs.9.0%）和系膜增生性病变（7.1%vs.8.6%）较为少见。在ALT正常组B/C基因型的乙型肝炎病毒对肾脏功能影响差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。而在ALT≥2倍上限组中,C型基因型较B型基因型的乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎患者中,血肌酐、血尿素氮、24h尿蛋白定量、尿NAG、尿β2M明显增高（P<0.05）,而肾小球滤过率GFR明显下降（P<0.05）,差异有统计学意义。在ALT正常组中B/C型的乙型肝炎病毒对慢性肾脏病分期差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。而在ALT≥2倍上限组中,C型基因型较B型基因型的乙型肝炎相关性肾小球患者中,慢性肾脏病分期有趋于加重的倾向（χ2=11.144,P=0.025）。【结论】对比分析不同基因型的乙型肝炎病毒对乙型肝炎相关性肾炎的差异性影响,将有助于帮助临床诊治乙型肝炎相关性肾炎。     

分期论治强直性脊柱炎临床观察

目的:观察分期论治强直性脊柱炎的临床疗效。方法:纳入观察病例均来源于石印玉教授及李勃副主任医师门诊,选取2011年2月—2013年6月收治的AS患者90例。按石印玉教授分期论治经验,分为急性期组、缓解期组、发病初期组,各30例。三组患者均给予桂枝芍药知母汤加减治疗。结果:治疗12周后、治疗24周后,三组患者BASDAI评分、BASFI评分均优于治疗前(P0.05);治疗12周后、治疗24周后,三组患者CRP、ESR水平均优于治疗前(P0.05)。结论:分期论治强直性脊柱炎疗效显著。     

Local and Regional Staging of Invasive Breast Cancer With Sonography: 25 Years of Practice at MD Anderson Cancer Center

At The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, we have used sonography (US) extensively for more than 2 decades to refine the local and regional staging of invasive breast cancer. Although magnetic resonance imaging is superior to all other imaging modalities in the measurement of the primary tumor and detection of additional foci of malignancy, in our experience US has shown sufficient accuracy in clinical practice to stage most invasive breast cancers. The exceptions are ill‐defined tumors such as invasive lobular cancers and tumors in breasts containing extensive diffuse benign disease. An advantage of US is that multifocality or multicentricity can be confirmed via US‐guided fine‐needle aspiration within 15 minutes and the information shared immediately with the patient and the breast surgeon or medical oncologist. US has also proved indispensable in the evaluation of lymphatic spread because it can evaluate more nodal basins (e.g., the supraclavicular fossa and low neck) than magnetic resonance imaging can and because it can guide needle biopsy to confirm the status of any indeterminate node (including internal mammary nodes) within minutes.