新城疫病毒pIRHN核酸疫苗构建和表达及对肿瘤细胞的影响

目的：研究NDV HN基因抗肿瘤作用及其可能机制。方法：以 pIRES1neo为表达载体构建了 NDV HN基因的pIRHN核酸疫苗，在体外转染HeLa细胞，用间接免疫荧光和Western blot检测pIRHN在真核细胞中表达状况，用荧光显微镜、DNA琼脂糖电泳及TUNEL染色等方法，检测HN基因导致细胞死亡的类型；用3，5-二羟基甲苯法测定HeLa细胞唾液酸含量的变化。结果：pIRHN 转染HeLa细胞后，能够在真核细胞中表达，能促进肿瘤细胞死亡，其死亡方式主要以诱导细胞凋亡为主，pIRHN使 HeLa细胞唾液酸含量减少。结论：用 NDV HN基因所构建的核酸疫苗能够在真核细胞中高效表达，表达的 HN蛋白主要位于胞膜，胞浆中亦有 HN蛋白表达；pIRHN具有抗肿瘤作用，可能通过其表达产物与肿瘤细胞唾液酸受体的相互作用，发挥其抗肿瘤作用。本实验为迸一步阐明NDV抗肿瘤作用机制提供了理论依据。     

胃癌患者术后NDV-ATV治疗对机体免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨新城鸡瘟病毒修饰的自体肿瘤疫苗(NDV—ATV)治疗胃病术后患者机体免疫功能的影响。方法 采用流式细胞术分析36例胃病术后(术后2、3、4、5周)NDV—ATV治疗患者外周静脉血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化情况，并以15例术后未接受NDV—ATV治疗的胃癌患者作对照。结果 对照组术后CD3^ 、CD4^ 、NK细胞所占百分比和CD4^ /CD8^ 逐渐升高，以术后3周内升高最为明显。NDV—ATV治疗组，术后CD3^ 、CD4^ 、NK细胞所占百分比和CD4^ /CD8^ 上升速度更快，持续时间更长。治疗结束后与治疗前比较，有非常显著性差异(P＜0．01)；且明显高于未接受NDV—ATV治疗的对照组患者(P＜0．05)。第1次治疗后和治疗结束后相比较有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。结论 NDV—ATV可同时视为1种免疫调节剂，能明显改善胃癌患者术后机体的免疫功能，提高机体抗肿瘤能力。     

Identification of new sub-genotypes of virulent Newcastle disease virus with potential panzootic features

Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from new sub-genotypes within genotype VII are rapidly spreading through Asia and the Middle East causing outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) characterized by significant illness and mortality in poultry, suggesting the existence of a fifth panzootic. These viruses, which belong to the new sub-genotypes VIIh and VIIi, have epizootic characteristics and do not appear to have originated directly from other genotype VII NDV isolates that are currently circulating elsewhere, but are related to the present and past Indonesian NDV viruses isolated from wild birds since the 80s. Viruses from sub-genotype VIIh were isolated in Indonesia (2009–2010), Malaysia (2011), China (2011), and Cambodia (2011–2012) and are closely related to the Indonesian NDV isolated in 2007, APMV1/Chicken/Karangasem, Indonesia (Bali-01)/2007. Since 2011 and during 2012 highly related NDV isolates from sub-genotype VIIi have been isolated from poultry production facilities and occasionally from pet birds, throughout Indonesia, Pakistan and Israel. In Pakistan, the viruses of sub-genotype VIIi have replaced NDV isolates of genotype XIII, which were commonly isolated in 2009–2011, and they have become the predominant sub-genotype causing ND outbreaks since 2012. In a similar fashion, the numbers of viruses of sub-genotype VIIi isolated in Israel increased in 2012, and isolates from this sub-genotype are now found more frequently than viruses from the previously predominant sub-genotypes VIId and VIIb, from 2009 to 2012. All NDV isolates of sub-genotype VIIi are approximately 99% identical to each other and are more closely related to Indonesian viruses isolated from 1983 through 1990 than to those of genotype VII, still circulating in the region. Similarly, in addition to the Pakistani NDV isolates of the original genotype XIII (now called sub-genotype XIIIa), there is an additional sub-genotype (XIIIb) that was initially detected in India and Iran. This sub-genotype also appears to have as an ancestor a NDV strain from an Indian cockatoo isolated in1982. These data suggest the existence of a new panzootic composed of viruses of subgenotype VIIi and support our previous findings of co-evolution of multiple virulent NDV genotypes in unknown reservoirs, e.g. as recorded with the virulent NDV identified in Dominican Republic in 2008. The co-evolution of at least three different sub-genotypes reported here and the apparent close relationship of some of those genotypes from ND viruses isolated from wild birds, suggests that identifying wild life reservoirs may help predict new panzootics.     

Advances in the Study of Antitumour Immunotherapy for Newcastle Disease Virus

This article reviews the preclinical research, clinical application and development of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the field of cancer therapy. Based on the distinctive antitumour properties of NDV and its positive interaction with the patient''s immune system, this biologic could be considered a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. On one hand, NDV infection creates an inflammatory environment in the tumour microenvironment, which can directly activate NK cells, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and promote the recruitment of immune cells. On the other hand, NDV can induce the upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules, which may break immune tolerance and immune checkpoint blockade resistance. In fact, clinical data have shown that NDV combined with immune checkpoint blockade can effectively enhance the antitumour response, leading to the regression of local tumours and distant tumours when injected, and this effect is further enhanced by targeted manipulation and modification of the NDV genome. At present, recombinant NDV and recombinant NDV combined with immune checkpoint blockers have entered different stages of clinical trials. Based on these studies, further research on NDV is warranted.     

新城疫病毒NP和P基因辅助质粒的构建及鉴定

目的构建新城疫病毒JL02/2000株P和NP基因真核表达质粒,并在BHK-21细胞中表达,为该病毒的反向遗传操作系统的建立奠定了基础。方法根据新城疫病毒(JL02/2000毒株)的全基因组中的NP、P基因分别设计引物,应用RT-PCR方法扩增NP基因和P基因,将扩增的NP基因和P基因片段连接到pMD18-T载体上,限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切鉴定确认后回收目的条带,分别插入到真核表达载体pCI上,经测序确认pCI-NP、pCI-P辅助质粒的构建。将pCI-NP、pCI-P转染BHK-21细胞,两次换液,72h后回收细胞,经RT-PCR检测NP和P基因片段。结果构建的辅助质粒pCI-NP和pCI-P经双酶切和测序鉴定到目的片段。pCI-NP、pCI-P转染后,RT-PCR检测到NP和P基因片段。结论新城疫病毒pCI-NP、pCI-P辅助质粒构建成功,pCI-NP、pCI-P可在BHK-21细胞中表达,为该病毒的反向遗传操作系统的建立奠定了基础。     

TRAIL is Involved in the Tumoricidal Activity of Mouse Natural Killer Cells Stimulated by Newcastle Disease Virus in Vitro

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a potential antitumor agent, and its antitumor effect has been evaluated in preclinical tests. However, the mechanisms of NDV‐based antitumor therapy are still not completely clear. In the present study we found that NDV‐stimulation enhanced the killing ability of mouse spleen natural killer (NK) cells towards mouse hepatoma cell lines, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) plays an important role in this tumoricidal activity. NDV stimulation induced up‐regulation of TRAIL both at the mRNA and protein levels in NK cells. Blocking TRAIL by antibody (Ab) almost completely eliminated the killing effect of NK cells on hepatoma cell lines. Furthermore, neutralizing interferon (IFN)‐γ by Ab could inhibit TRAIL expression and tumoricidal activity of NDV‐stimulated NK cells. These results indicated a substantial role of TRAIL as an effector molecule in NDV‐induced NK cells mediated tumoricidal activity. The NDV stimulation triggered TRAIL expression in mouse spleen NK cells could be mediated by IFN‐γ induction. Anat Rec, 296:1552–1560, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

肿瘤患者ATV-NDV治疗的护理

目的:通过细致周密的护理过程尽量避免接受ATV-NDV患者发生不良反应.方法:对ATV-NDV疫苗的制备及治疗全过程采取一系列护理措施.结果:接受ATV-NDV治疗者未发现任何不良反应.结论:ATV-NDV治疗是生物治疗的一种,对术后肿瘤患者提供了难得的辅助治疗机会.其制备及治疗过程相当复杂,为保证治疗的安全有效,必须做好各阶段的护理.     

6株NDV鄱阳株对肝癌细胞杀伤作用的初步研究

目的：研究从江西鄱阳湖野鸭分离的6株NDV对肝癌细胞的杀伤效应，进-步筛选NDV溶瘤毒株。方法：用MTT法研究6株NDV鄱阳株对两株传代肝癌细胞株Novikoff和HepG-2及一株正常肝细胞株HL-7702的杀伤效应。结果：6株NDV鄱阳株对肝癌细胞株Novikoff和HepG-2有湿著杀伤效应，而对人正常肝细胞HL-7702无明显影响；病毒对细胞的杀伤活性与病毒作用剂量和病毒作用时间成正比；病毒在肝癌细胞中有明显复制增殖现象；Novikoff肝癌细胞对NDV敏感性强于HepG-2肝癌细胞。结论：6株NDV鄱阳株对Novikoff及HepG-2肝癌细胞产生显著的杀伤作用，而对正常肝细胞HL-7702未见明显影响。     

Further studies on the interaction of nonpolyglutamatable aminopterin analogs with dihydrofolate reductase and the reduced folate carrier as determinants of in vitro antitumor activity

Thirteen structural analogs of the potent nonpolyglutamatable dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor N(alpha)-(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-N(delta)-hemiphthaloyl-L-ornithine (PT523) with modifications in the side chain, the para-aminobenzoyl moiety, or the 9,10-bridge were evaluated for the ability to inhibit human recombinant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), to utilize the reduced folate carrier (RFC) for influx, and to inhibit the growth of CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells in culture. In spectrophotometric assays of the kinetics of the reduction of dihydrofolate by DHFR in the presence of NADPH, these compounds had K(i) values ranging from 0.2 to 1.3pM, and thus were not greatly different in potency from the parent drug PT523. By comparison, the K(i) values of aminopterin (AMT), methotrexate (MTX), and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin (EDX) were 3.7, 4.8, and 11pM. In assays of competitive inhibition of [3H]MTX influx into CCRF-CEM cells, the K(i) values ranged from 0.21 to 7.3 micro M, as compared with 0.71, 5.4, and 1.1 micro M for PT523, AMT, and EDX. The K(t) for MTX was also re-analyzed and found to be 4.7 micro M, in better agreement with the literature than our previously reported value of 7.1 micro M. The IC(50) values of these compounds as inhibitors of the growth of CCRF-CEM cells after 72hr of drug exposure ranged from 0.53 to 55nM, and were qualitatively consistent with the other results.